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Topic: Ascomycota

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	Ascomycota
		The Ascomycota, or sac fungi, is monophyletic and accounts for approximately 75% of all described fungi.
		Among the Ascomycota are some famous fungi: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast of commerce and foundation of the baking and brewing industries (not to mention molecular developmental biology), Penicillium chrysogenum, producer of penicillin, Morchella esculentum, the edible morel, and Neurospora crassa, the "one-gene-one-enzyme" organism.
		Ascomycota are either single-celled (yeasts) or filamentous (hyphal) or both (dimorphic).
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Ascomycota&contgroup=Fungi (2464 words)

	Ascomycota - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Members of the Division Ascomycota are known as the Sac Fungi and are fungi that produce spores in a distinctive type of microscopic sporangium called an ascus (Greek for a "bag" or "wineskin").
		The Ascomycota are present in all land ecosystems world-wide; they even occur in Antarctica in the form of lichens.
		In the Ascomycota two fundamentally different stages in the life cycle can be distinguished: the anamorph state during which the fungus reproduces asexually, and the teleomorph state of sexual reproduction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ascomycota (4652 words)

	Ascomycota Phylogenies - François Lutzoni's Lab
		The phylum Ascomycota (one of the four phyla of fungi) is the largest group of fungi with 264 families, 3,266 genera and more than 32,000 described species, accounting for more than 57% of all known fungi (according to The Dictionary of the Fungi, eighth edition).
		Twelve years later the situation did not improve significantly since the classification of Ascomycota is reported in the eighth edition (1995) of the "Dictionary of the Fungi" as a list of 46 orders still without any higher taxonomic categories, with the recommendation that for general purposes it remains pragmatic to use only ordinal names.
		Compared to the diversity of ascolichens (42% of all Ascomycota are lichenized, representing 1/5 of all known fungi) lichen-forming ascomycetes are phylogenetically understudied.
	www.lutzonilab.net /ascomycota (724 words)

	Ascomycota - MicrobeWiki
		Ascomycota, also known as sac fungi, is a recently discovered class.
		The bodies of Ascomycota are eukaryotic cells surrounded by a wall consisting of chitin and beta glucans.
		Ascomycota are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients from both dead or living organisms.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /mediawiki-1.6.6/index.php/Ascomycota (692 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ascomycota
		The Ascomycota, formerly known as the Ascomycetae, or Ascomycetes, are a Division of Fungi, whose members are commonly known as the Ball-Sac Fungi, which produce spores in a distinctive type of microscopic sporangium called an ascus (from Greek: ἀσκός (askos), meaning "sac" or "wineskin").
		In the Ascomycota two fundamentally different stages in the life cycle can be distinguished: the anamorph state during which the fungus reproduces asexually, and the teleomorph state of sexual reproduction.
		A series of Ascomycota species from the genus Xylaria are found in the nests of leafcutter ants and other fungus-growing ants of the tribe Attini and in the fungal gardens of termites (Isoptera).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ascomycota (4522 words)

	Palaeos Fungi: Ascomycota
		A unique character of the Ascomycota (but not present in all ascomycetes) is the presence of Woronin bodies on each side of the septa separating the hyphal segments which control these septal pores.
		It is now generally accepted that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are sister clades, since they share a number of synapomorphies, including septate mycelia, a dikaryotic stage in the life cycle, plectenchymatous structures associated with spore production, and conidia.
		A certain amount of this sort of thing is likely, given that Ascomycota has a ghost lineage of about 60 My, i.e., the time between the first known appearance of Basidiomycota and the first clear remains of Ascomycota.
	www.palaeos.com /Fungi/Ascomycota/Ascomycota.html (1772 words)

	lb2pg06
		Many Ascomycota are the cause of serious plant diseases, including powdery mildews that attach fruits, chestnut blight, and Dutch Elm disease (caused by Ceratocytis ulmi, an fungus native to certain European countries).
		Ascomycota, with the exception of the unicellular yeasts, are hyphal.
		In the majority of the Ascomycota, asexual reproduction is by the formation of specialized spores, known as "conidia" (a greek word for "fine dust"), which are cut off from tips of modified hyphae called "conidiophores"("conidia bearers").
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/lb2pg06.htm (1253 words)

	Ascomycota
		The Ascomycota, or sac fungi, is monophyletic and accounts for approximately 75% of all described fungi.
		The Ascomycota is a sister group to the Basidiomycota.
		The basal lineage or lineages of Ascomycota comprise four classes, Neolectomycetes, Pneumocystidomycetes, Schizosaccharomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes, which are classified in the subphylum, Taphrinomycotina (=Archiascomycetes Nishida and Sugiyama).
	www.tolweb.org /tree/tree?group=Ascomycota (2466 words)

	Fungi(Final)OK by me
		We chose twenty genera belonging to the phyla Ascomycota and Lichenomycota and four outgroup genera from the phyla Zygomycota and Basidiomycota.
		Figure 1 is a cladogram illustrating the relationship between the phyla Ascomycota and Lichenomycota (Holt, 1992).
		The Evolutionary Relationship among Ascomycota, Red Algae, and Lichen Pertaining to the Addition of the Phylum Rhodotista to the Kingdom Fungi.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Journal/vol6/number3/BIOTECH.htm (2641 words)

	Ascomycota: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ascomycota includes yeasts, the powdery mildews...consider the deuteromycetes a class under Ascomycota.
		Powdery mildews are classified in the kingdom Fungi, phylum (division) Ascomycota; downy mildews are classified in the kingdom Protista, phylum (division) Oomycota.
		Yeasts are classified in the kingdom Fungi, phyla (divisions) Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/ascomycota.jsp?l=A&p=6 (310 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Ascomycota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This monophyletic grouping was formerly known as the Ascomycetae, or Ascomycetes, and is an extremely significant and successful group of organisms (12,000 species in 1950), accounting for some 75% of all described fungi.{{Ref_label
		They are mostly isolated but sometimes also appear as bundles of cells aligned in parallel (described as synnematal) or as cushion-shaped masses (described as sporodochial).
		Finally the chromosome count will be restored to normal by haploidization, whereby the nucleus splits into two parts each having a single set of chromosomes, with each daughter genetically different from the original parents.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Ascomycota (4545 words)

	Botany 201 Laboratory George Wong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Characteristics that have been traditionally used to classify the Ascomycota, such as thallus type, ascocarp type and development and ascus types, now appear to be less useful as indicators of phylogeny.
		This was the class in which all the yeast and yeast-like members of the Ascomycota were placed.
		Students that follow the derivation of the Ascomycota from the Zygomycota believe the multispored ascus of Dipodascopsis to be homologous to the zygosporangium of the Zygomycota.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/wong/Bot201/Ascomycota/lab_02a.htm (1160 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ascomycota are a predominately terrestrial fungi, but some called Saprophytes occupy the water.
		Ascomycota can either be single-celled such as yeast, filamentous (hyphal), or both (dimorphic).
		Most yeast and filamentous ascomycota are haploid, but some can also be diploid as well.
	www.plu.edu /~colbobe/page3.html (497 words)

	Mycology - Taxonomy - Ascomycota
		The hyphae of Ascomycota have bilayered walls with primary septa at regular intervals along the hypha.
		In true yeasts and thalli transforming to a yeast phase, Woronin bodies are not seen.
		The dikaryotic phase is restricted and leads immediately to the formation of the crozier, usually within a hymenium.The reflexed tip, or crozier, enables mitotic division of the nuclei, delimiting the ascus mother cell in which karyogamy is followed immediately by meiosis.
	bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au /Mycology/Taxonomy/ascomycota.shtml (787 words)

	Biodiversity Project - Ascomycota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ascomycota, along with Basidiomycota, Mycophycophyta, Zygomycota, and Deuteromycota, compose the phyla in the kingdom Fungi.
		Many organisms in the phylum Ascomycota are microscopic, however some are multicellular and macroscopic.
		Ascomycota are organisms with eukaryotic (having membrane bound organelles) cells.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/j/j/jjp239/biodev.htm (658 words)

	SparkNotes: Fungi: Ascomycota
		The male gametangia may be anything from a detached cell (called a spermatium) to a differentiated region called an antheridium.
		The ascomycota fruiting body is composed mainly of entangled monokaryotic hyphae from the male and female mycelia rather than of dikaryotic hyphae formed from the joining of hyphae from the two mycelia, as in the basidiomycota.
		Sexual reproduction in the Ascomycota differs from that in the Basidiomycota and Zygomycota because Ascomycota have male and female gametangia in their haploid stage.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/microorganisms/fungi/section2.rhtml (674 words)

	The Cladistic Analysis and Reclassification of the Ascomycota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A cladistic analysis and reclassification was done on the phylum Ascomycota in order to determine whether Holt’s (2004) classification or Margulis and Schwartz’s (1998) classification was more valid when classifying the Ascomycota.
		The Ascomycota are defined by the presence of an ascus, while the Basidiomycota are defined by the presence of basidiospores that are produced on the outside of the basidium (Alexopoulos, 1979).
		A cladistic analysis and reclassification was done on the phylum Ascomycota because of the discrepancy between different authors when classifying the Ascomycota.
	www.susqu.edu /students/b/bradleyl/Ascomycota.htm (1339 words)

	Introduction
		The Zygomycota are classified together due to their lack of cross walls, except for cross walls that separate reproductive structures from the rest of the organism.
		The Ascomycota are also classified together on the basis of reproductive structures due to the possession of an ascus.
		The phyla Rhodophyta, Chytridiomycota, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota and Oomycota were chosen and then analyzed according to their evolutionary lineage.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Journal/vol6/number3/ROMANOVS.htm (1860 words)

	Botany 201 LaboratoryGeorge Wong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The remainder of the Ascomycota are the mycelial Ascomycota.
		In this classification scheme, Ascomycota producing cleisotothecia are in the Plectomycetes, those producing perithecia are in the Pyrenomycetes and apothecial producing members are in the Discomycetes.
		In addition, because many species of Ascomycota have both sexual and asexual stages in their life cycles, we will also go introduce the concept of anamorphs and telomorphs as we go over the representative life cycle of the Eurotiales.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/wong/Bot201/Ascomycota/lab_02b.htm (1858 words)

	Ascomycota Terms and Definitions at www.MedicalGlossary.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Eurotiales - An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA characterized by the presence of well defined peridia and cleistothecial asci.
		Hypocreales - An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA that includes a number of species which are parasitic on higher plants, insects, or fungi.
		Phyllachorales - An order of fungi in the phylum ASCOMYCOTA characterized by stromatic perithecial forms in most species.
	www.medicalglossary.org /fungi_ascomycota_definitions.html (403 words)

	BOT 461/561: Lecture#13
		Primary morphological character that distinguishes members of the Ascomycota are the ascus a sac-like cell containing the ascospores cleaved from within by free cell formation after karyogamy and meiosis.
		Eight ascospores typically are formed within the ascus, but this number may vary from one to over a thousand according to the species.
		Forms that do not reproduce sexually have been placed in an artificial group, either Deuteromycota or Fungi Imperfecti; the application of molecular techniques provides a means to incorporate the two.
	oregonstate.edu /Dept/botany/mycology/bot461/class/lecture13.html (3842 words)

	Fungi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ascomycota, or sac fungi, range from unicellular yeasts to multicellular cap fungi.
		During sexual reproduction, all Ascomycota produce an ascus, a structure that is formed from the cell wall of the zygote and that contains four to eight haploid spores.
		The spores in an ascus are formed when two gametes, morphologically indistinguishable from each other, from hyphae of different sexes unite to produce a diploid zygote.
	www.scientia.org /cadonline/biology/microbio/fungia4.ASP (179 words)

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