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	Asharite - Wikinfo
		The Asharite school of early Muslim philosophy were instrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islamic philosophy, separating its development drastically from that of philosophy in the Christian world.
		Ironically, the rigorous means by which the Asharites had reached their conclusions were largely forgotten by Muslims before The Renaissance, due in large part to the success of their effort to subordinate inquiry to a prior ethics - and assume ignorance was the norm for humankind.
		The Asharites may have succeeded in laying the groundwork for a stable empire, and for subordinating philosophy as a process to fixed notions of ethics derived directly from Islam - perhaps this even improved the quality of life of average citizens.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Asharite (3004 words)

	Asharite
		The Asharite school of early Muslim philosophy were instrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islamic philosophy, separating its development drastically from that of philosophy in the Christian world.
		Ironically, the rigorous means by which the Asharites had reached their conclusions were largely forgotten by Muslims before The Renaissance, due in large part to the success of their effort to subordinate inquiry to a prior ethics - and assume ignorance was the norm for humankind.
		The Asharites may have succeeded in laying the groundwork for a stable empire, and for subordinating philosophy as a process to fixed notions of ethics derived directly from Islam - perhaps this even improved the quality of life of average citizens.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/as/Asharites.html (958 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Asharite
		The Asharite (Arabic الأشعرية al-ash`aryah) is a school of early Muslim philosophy that wasinstrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islamic philosophy, separating its development radically from that of philosophy in the Christian world.
		The rigorous means by which the Asharites had reached their conclusions were largely forgotten by Muslims before The Renaissance, due in large part to the success of their effort to subordinate inquiry to a prior ethics - and assume ignorance was the norm for humankind.
		The Asharites may have succeeded in laying the groundwork for a stable empire, and for subordinating philosophy as a process to fixed notions of ethics derived directly from Islam - perhaps this even improved the quality of life of average citizens.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Asharite (3732 words)

	Wikipedia: Mutazilite
		Perhaps for this reason, the school was extremely influential, and was not truly extinguished until "The Incoherence of the Philosophers", by Al-Ghazali of the Asharite school, the fiercest opponents of the Mutazilites, became the dominant theory of Islamic thought.
		By the dawn of the 13th century the Asharites were clearly in ascendance, due in part to the increasing diversity of Islam and the difficulty of maintaining a coherent discourse in the Arabic language that would reach all Muslims everywhere.
		The local ulama and tarika had a clear advantage in that they were trusted by their neighbors, even to translate texts into the non-Arabic languages.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/m/mu/mutazilite.html (529 words)

	Asharite Information
		The rigorous means by which the Asharites had reached their conclusions were largely forgotten by Muslims before The Renaissance, due in large part to the success of their effort to subordinate inquiry to a prior ethics - and assume ignorance was the norm for humankind.
		The Asharites did not reject these, amongst the ulema or; learned, but they stifled these in the mosque and discouraged their application by the lay public.
		The Asharites may have succeeded in laying the groundwork for a stable empire, and for subordinating philosophy as a process to fixed notions of ethics derived directly from Islam - perhaps this even improved the quality of life of average citizens.
	asharite.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Asharite (1221 words)

	Ash'ari - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Ironically, the rigorous means by which the Asharites had reached their conclusions were largely forgotten by Muslims before The Renaissance, due in large part to the success of their effort to subordinate inquiry to a prior ethics - and assume ignorance was the norm for humankind.
		The Asharites did not reject these, amongst the ulema or learned, but they stifled these in the mosque and discouraged their application by the lay public.
		The Asharites may have succeeded in laying the groundwork for a stable empire, and for subordinating philosophy as a process to fixed notions of ethics derived directly from Islam - perhaps this even improved the quality of life of average citizens.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Asharite (1035 words)

	Asharite
		Asharite škola brzy muslimské filozofie byla pomocná v drasticky měnit směr Islámské filozofie, oddělovat jeho vývoj drasticky z toho filozofie v křesťanském světě.
		Na rozdíl od Mutazilite školy Řeka-inspiroval filozofy, Asharite pohled byl to chápání jedinečné přírody a charakteristiky boha byly za schopností člověka.
		Asharites neodmítl tyto, mezi ulema nebo se učil, ale oni potlačili tyto v mešitě a odradil jejich přihlášku laické veřejnosti.
	wikipedia.infostar.cz /a/as/asharite.html (792 words)

	Asharite
		The disciples of the school are known as Asharites, and the school is also referred to as Asharite school.
		Modern commentators blame or laud Asharites for curtailing much of the Islamic world's innovation in sciences and technology, then (12th century to 14th century) leading the world.
		This innovation was not in general revived in the West until The Renaissance, and emergence of scientific method - which ironically was based on traditional Islamic methods of ijtihad (open inquiry) and isnad (backing or scientific citation).
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/a/as/asharite.html (1071 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		In contrast to the Mutazilite school of theologians, the Asharite view was that comprehension of unique nature and characteristics of God were beyond human capability.
		The rigorous means by which the Asharites had reached their conclusions were largely forgotten by Muslims before The Renaissance, due in large part to the success of their effort to subordinate inquiry to a prior ethics - and assume ignorance was the norm for humankind.
		Modern commentators blame or laud Asharites for curtailing much of the Islamic world's innovation in sciences and technology, then (12th century to 14th century) leading the world.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Asharite (986 words)

	Ibn Rushd [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Ghazzali's argument follows the typical Asharite kalam cosmological argument, in that he argues the scientific evidence for the temporal origin of the world, and reasons from that to the existence of a creator.
		Ghazzali’s first proof contends that the idea of the infinite number of planetary revolutions as an assumption of the eternity of the world is erroneous since one can determine their revolution rates and how much they differ when compared one to another.
		Ghazzali, the dedicated Asharite, wants to support the position that God is the ultimate cause of all actions; that no being in the universe is the autonomous cause of anything.
	www.iep.utm.edu /i/ibnrushd.htm (7398 words)

	Joseph Kenny OP: ISLAMIC MONOTHEISM PRINCIPLES AND CONSEQUENCES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Asharite theology has used such statements as these to support its cardinal teaching that there is no power in nature at all, or to be exact, nature as an active principle of operation does not exist.
		While Asharites rejected nature and secondary causality because it seemed to subtract from God's omnipotence, the Mu`tazilites were not concerned with this consequence, provided God's justice and goodness were maintained.
		In contrast to this Asharite position is the minority view of the Philosophers and Mu`tazilites that goodness or evil are innate in things themselves, and this is why they are commanded or forbidden.
	www.diafrica.org /nigeriaop/kenny/Monoth.htm (3914 words)

	Ijtihad
		It slowly fell out of practice for several reasons, most notably the efforts of the Asharite theologians, who saw it as leading to errors of over-confidence in judgement.
		What is clear is that long after the 10th century the principles of ijtihad continued to be discussed in the Islamic legal literature, and other Asharites continued to argue with their Mutazilite rivals about its applicability to sciences.
		Al-Amidi (1233) mentions twelve common controversies about ijtihad in his book about usul al-fiqh (the theory of Islamic law) amongst others the question if the Prophet himself depended on ijtihad and if it should be allowed for a mujtahid to follow taqleed.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ij/Ijtihad.htm (478 words)

	Bright Weavings: The Worlds of Guy Gavriel Kay - Scholarship - Three Glasses of Wine: The Accommodation of Culture in ...
		They are tolerated by the secularized urban Asharites, paying heavy taxes and restricted to ghettos, but free to practise their religion and their trades.
		The Asharites of the Majriti desert tribes, however, are fiercely intolerant of both the decadent Al-Rassan city-kings and the infidel Kindath.
		The extent to which her hope is realized is symbolized by the epilogue, and the final image of the novel: Three full glasses of wine, intentionally left standing together in a private garden by the Kindath, Jaddite, and Asharite protagonists who live at peace in Sorenica, the rebuilt city of the Kindath.
	www.brightweavings.com /scholarship/denalions.htm (1138 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Asharite
		of Islamic theology, as a tenet of the Asharite school of kalam.
		His work emphasizes 'Asharite (Muslim orthodox) theology and seeks to critique the interpretations of the rationalists as well as the traditionalists regarding...
		Gad al-Haq, as a traditional Azhari scholar, regarded the fundamentalists as heretics, who had renounced the Asharite orthodoxy in favour of the Wahhabi school, famous for its rigour and its readiness to class dissidents as apostates.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Asharite (246 words)

	What is Independent Thinking?
		He genuinely believed that the methodology of the theologians was not adequate to elucidate the divine Shariah and in an extremely clever fashion underscored the religious necessity of philosophy.
		Ibn Rushd's contribution to reconciling philosophy and religion actually was a deconstruction of the differences between Asharite theologians and ancient Greek philosophers.
		He was able to show that the elements of Aristotelian and Platonic philosophy that the Asharites deemed unIslamic was indeed within the domain of the freedom of thought allowed by Islamic shariah.
	www.ijtihad.org /ibnrushd.htm (1186 words)

	Hawza Illmiyya of London
		The purpose of this paper is to analyse the political and social factors, which facilitated the Asharite School to dominance, and the Mutazilites into a minority today.
		This process of unity is further strengthened by the fact that the Asharites never allowed a free reign on rationality during its inception.
		Furthermore, the lack of early political approval of the Asharite School, prevented Asharites from having as much freedom as the Mutazilites, and hence reducing the opportunity to split.
	www.hawza.org.uk /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=90 (8960 words)

	Shariah Part 4
		The difference is that the five schools of Fiqh are overtly discussed whereas Asharite ideas have been absorbed into Islamic culture like water in an oasis.
		We may summarize the Asharite pyramid of knowledge as follows: Atoms and the physical world are at the lowest rung of the ladder.
		This doctrine, known as the doctrine of Kasab, was misunderstood and misinterpreted by later generations of Muslims as predestination.
	www.irfi.org /articles/articles_301_350/shariah4.htm (1813 words)

	Opinion
		Reason is a tool bestowed by God upon humans so that they may sort out the relationships in the created world and reinforce their belief.
		The crux of the Asharite argument lies in its definition of the phenomenon of time.
		The Asharites asserted that only God is the owner of all action (Qur’an, 10:100).
	www.pakistanlink.com /Opinion/2005/Jun05/24/01.HTM (1679 words)

	Pakistan Forum , Why didn’t the Scientific Revolution happen in Islam?
		But the gradual hegemony of fatalistic Asharite doctrines mortally weakened the "will to power" of Islamic society and led to a withering away of its scientific spirit.
		Asharite dogma insisted on the denial of any connection between cause and effect - and therefore repudiated rational thought.
		The anti-science nature of the Asharites is evident from their belief that any kind of prediction is impossible.
	www.paktribune.com /pforums/posts.php?t=2369&start=1 (4641 words)

	Rambles: Guy Gavriel Kay, The Last Light of the Sun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Even minor characters, whose appearances last mere pages, are fully fleshed out, giving one a real sense of the Erlings, Anglcyn and Cyngael, their similarities and their differences.
		The differences, too, between the harsh northerly realms and the pampered courts of Al-Rassan far to the south are shown by the brief appearance of an Asharite merchant, whose travels take him to the Erlings' homeland of Vinmark as well as Aeldred's court.
		The Last Light of the Sun focuses as often as not on the characters' interaction with the world they live in and the half-world of the fey.
	www.rambles.net /kay_lastlite04.html (408 words)

	Guy Gavriel Kay: The Lions of Al-Rassan - an infinity plus review
		Brief pro- and epilogues let him sketch the beginnings and ends of the process, but the meat of the novel covers only a crucial one-year period roughly at the mid point of the struggle.
		In the extreme north the Jaddite (Christian) realms are beginning to exploit the new balance of power and stir themselves avariciously southwards.
		Then again, in the Majriti desert (Africa), the intolerant Muwardi tribes are equally intent on invasion in order to purge the weak and decadent local Asharite princes of their corrupt practices, kill all the Kindath (Jews), and slaughter all the Jaddites.
	www.infinityplus.co.uk /nonfiction/alrassan.htm (940 words)

	Ash'ari
		Early Muslim medicine and Early Muslim sociology in particular benefited from the Mutazilite approach, but it led to very strong reaction.
		The Asharites put an end to philosophy as such in the Muslim world, but permitted these methods to continue to be applied to science and technology.
		This marked the 12th-to-14th century peak of innovation in Muslim civilization, after which lack of improvements in the basic processes and confusion with theology and law had degraded methods.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Asharite.html (2560 words)

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