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	Juniperus ashei
		Heavy browsing of Ashe juniper in winter and spring is an indicator of deer overpopulation and poor rangeland conditions [10].
		Ashe juniper seeds should be sown in the fall or cold stratified and sown in the spring.
		Ashe juniper is resistant to cedar-apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae) [23,37,47].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/junash/all.html (4171 words)

	Juniperus ashei - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Juniperus ashei (Ashe Juniper) is a drought-tolerant evergreen shrub or small tree, native to northeastern Mexico and the south-central United States north to southern Missouri; the largest areas are in central Texas, where extensive stands occur.
		Ashe Juniper is sometimes known in the area as "mountain cedar", though it is not a cedar; locals refer to the allergy as "cedar fever".
		Although Ashe Juniper is native to central Texas, it is considered a weed by some landowners in that area, especially by ranchers because overgrazing by cattle selectively removes competition while avoiding the bitter-tasting juniper seedlings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ashe_Juniper (326 words)

	BIOLOGY/ECOLOGY OF ASHE (BLUEBERRY) JUNIPER
		Seeds of Ashe juniper are relatively heavy and hence those that fall from the parent tree tend to remain within or very near the canopy area.
		Ashe juniper plants from small saplings to large trees were selected within ungrazed exclosures, moderate-deferred rotation pastures and heavily-continuously grazed pastures to determine the influence of past grazing history and juniper canopy on herbaceous production (Blomquist 1990).
		Ashe juniper is a small, non-sprouting, evergreen, dioecious tree that occurs primarily on limestone substrates from Central America to Missouri with its center of abundance within the Hill Country of Texas.
	texnat.tamu.edu /symposia/juniper/FRED2.htm (7197 words)

	Ashe Juniper Natural Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ashe Juniper, a fairly rare tree in Missouri, is more common in the Edward's Plateau of west central Texas, and also occurs in northern Arkansas and Oklahoma.
		In Missouri, Ashe juniper only occurs on dolomite glades and knobs and along the White River and its tributaries in the southwest part of the state.
		Ashe juniper is distinguished from its close relative, the eastern red cedar, by its multiple branched trunk.
	www.conservation.state.mo.us /areas/natareas/p133-1.htm (218 words)

	Background of Juniperus ashei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ashe juniper is a small, native, multi-stemmed, evergreen tree or shrub less then 30 feet tall.
		Ashe juniper has strong taproots and has extensive lateral roots in the surface foot of soil that give it a competitive advantage over other species for water, space and nutrients.
		Ashe juniper can form dense climax stands that suppress the growth of understory species and dense stands of ashe juniper are resistant to invasion.
	waterhome.brc.tamus.edu /projects/leonbrush/ashe.html (87 words)

	Juniper
		Junipers are evergreen trees or shrubs with either needle-like or scale-like leaves.
		Junipers have distinctive cones which are fruit-like in character: small cones in which the scales fuse together to form a fleshy "berry-like" structure.
		Many junipers have two types of leaves: seedlings and the young twigs of older trees, and all the foliage of a few species (e.g.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/j/ju/juniper.html (498 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Ashe's Juniper (Juniperus ashei)
		Identifying Characters: Ashe's Juniper can be identified by a combination of the distinctive raised hemispherical glands on the scales, the toothed fringe of the scale, and the dark blue berries with their whitish bloom.
		The raised hemisperical scale gland is present in Ashe's Juniper, but absent in Pinchot's Juniper.
		The berries of Ashe's Juniper are dark blue, but those of Pinchot's Juniper are reddish.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/juniper/Jashei.htm (308 words)

	Scenic Hills Nursery -- Oak Wilt Specialists in the Texas Hill Country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ashe juniper and mesquite has been documented through research as being a type of brush which utilizes large quantities of water through evapotranspiration.
		Junipers have a deep root structure and a dense mat of fibrous roots near the soil surface that allow them to absorb moisture from the driest of soils, to the detriment of grasses, creeks and springs.
		In an area with a 30-inch average annual rainfall, dense stands of juniper allow less than a quarter of the rainfall to reach the soil--the remaining three quarters remains in the branches or in the litter layer under the juniper until it finally evaporates.
	www.800oakwilt.com /waterconservation.html (2244 words)

	Juniper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America in the New World.
		Juniper berries are used in the brewery of gin.
		Some junipers are sometimes misleadingly called cedars, correctly the vernacular name for species in the genus Cedrus, family Pinaceae.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/J/Juniper.htm (780 words)

	Juniper Trees - Fairy Tale Trees For Real Landscapes. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Junipers are best planted in the fall.(or early winter if you live in a mild climate) and should be balled or burlapped.
		Junipers are dioecious, being either the pollen producing male or the flower and berry producing female.
		There are large junipers such as the Gray Gleam or the Blue Heaven which can grow anywhere from six to twenty-five feet.
	www.allwoodwork.com /article/gardening/evergreens_juniper_trees_fairy_tale_part3_of_series.html (1037 words)

	Browsing and tree size influences on Ashe juniper understory by Samuel D. Fuhlendorf et al. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is the purpose of this investigation 1) to document the influence of Ashe juniper tree size on understory vegetation and 2) to evaluate how the interaction between tree size and browsing by domestic goats and white-tailed deer modifies overstory/understory relationships.
		Without browsing, Ashe juniper is more abundant and its individual influence increases as the size of the tree increases; trees with a canopy diameter < 6.0 m expressed minimal influence on understory vegetation compared to larger trees.
		When browsers are present at sufficient stocking rates to create a browse line on large trees, encroachment of Ashe juniper is slowed, rate of increase of all woody species is reduced, and large trees cause a shift in species composition directly under the canopy, however cover of all herbaceous species is not reduced.
	uvalde.tamu.edu /jrm/sep97/fuhlen.htm (399 words)

	Cedar Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Junipers, or cedars as they are commonly known, are a major management concern throughout much of central Texas.Â Over the last century, the land use and management across the Edwards Plateau region has seen a dramatic increase in the juniper (Juniperus Ashei) population.Â The results have been extremely negative.
		Since junipers are more of a hindrance to good land management, the goal should be to reduce the population of these pesky trees and continue to follow up until they are reduced to manageable levels.Â Once junipers are reduced in numbers, the water, sunlight and nutrients are available to the diverse native plants.
		A second biological approach is to encourage the juniper budworm.Â The juniper budworm attacks by larvae feeding on the juniper foliage, they construct silken tubes and pupation occurs in the shelter where the larvae fed. It is not known exactly what impact the juniper webworm will have on the Ashe juniper in Central Texas.
	www.peopleagainstcedars.com /html/cedar_control.html (823 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ashe juniper dominated or codominated woodlands are extensive within the Edwards Plateu in Texas.
		The most extensive and most diverse woodlands were in canyon systems, where Ashe juniper shared dominance with a diversity of oaks and other broad-leaved trees, Drier upland woodlands were less diverse, with live oak, shin oak, and Vasey oak variously important.
		Ashe junipr woodlands harbor a diverse biota, including rare and endemic species, and, thus, preservation of representative old-growth examples is an important conservation concern.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=557544 (199 words)

	Juniperus ashei: Ashe Juniper
		The bark of Ashe Juniper peels off in long, thin strips, which are used by birds for nesting material.
		Ashe Juniper should be grown in full sun on well-drained soil and easily tolerates alkaline soil.
		Ashe Juniper is reportedly resistant to Cedarapple rust.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /BODY_ST321 (484 words)

	Juniper
		Junipers (Juniperus species) are evergreen coniferous plants with fleshy cones and needlelike or scalelike leaves.
		Junipers grow from 4 inches to 50 feet tall with a spread from 6 to 20 feet depending on the species.
		Junipers are subject to a number of pests and diseases.
	hgic.clemson.edu /factsheets/HGIC1068.htm (771 words)

	Warblers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This species of tree because it is the only juniper in which the bark comes off in strips; and this age of tree (around 30-years plus) because the younger trees' bark only comes off in large bulky strips, way too large for this tiny bird to deal with.
		Until the late 1800s Ashe Juniper was a tree of the canyons where it grew on steep rocky soil that few other plants could get a toehold on and where water was deep and thus scarce.
		The Ashe Juniper adapted to living on bare rock and in sending out deep tap roots in seach of water, and became adept at making use of even tiny amounts of soil moisture.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/egret/290/id103.htm (1761 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ashe juniper (commonly called cedar) is a trademark of the Texas Hill Country.
		The bark of older Ashe juniper trees is used by the golden-checked warbler (an endangered bird) for nesting material.
		In Kansas, larvae overwinter in the infested juniper trees, pupate in late June and July, and emerge as adult moths in July.
	txforestservice.tamu.edu /ace55/admin_DocEdit.asp?DocumentID=378 (1092 words)

	Texas Trees
		The ashe juniper is commonly found in the Texas region of North America.
		In addition the ashe juniper bears a seed that is small, round, and blue.
		This juniper thrives in soil that is rocky.
	www.hipark.austin.isd.tenet.edu /projects/fourth/trees/texas.html (1020 words)

	Demographics of the Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) on Fort Hood, Texas
		The species is entirely dependent upon the mature Ashe juniper forests of central Texas for its nesting and foraging substrates.
		The species builds its nests almost entirely from shredded juniper bark at a height of 4 to 5 meters, most commonly in Ashe juniper and occasionally in hardwoods common to the region (e.g., live oak, Texas oak; Pulich 1976).
		Only mature Ashe juniper trees shred their bark, limiting the Golden-cheeked Warbler to forests with a high proportion of juniper trees older than 40 to 50 years (Pulich 1976).
	www.cecer.army.mil /techreports/hay_warb/hay_warb-03.htm (775 words)

	Scientific Investigation
		An example of UGRA's support of scientific investigation is UGRA's providing funding to Texas A and M University the juniper (cedar) interception project and a project examining water use by juniper trees.
		Juniper canopies are ideally structured to intercept rainfall and redirect it to the base of the
		Juniper trees clearly altered the hydrologic budget simply through their physical presence.
	www.ugra.org /scientific_investigation.htm (2217 words)

	Junerancherupdate
		Ashe juniper encroachment into previously open savannas and grasslands in the Hill Country and Edwards Plateau has occurred since the suppression of natural fires by European settlers.
		There fore, we are studying the fire behavior and spotting potential of summer fires in ashe juniper to develop burning prescriptions.
		Fine fuel loading, live and dead 1-hr fuel moisture, ashe juniper green leaf moisture, and 10-hr fuel moisture are measured prior to burning each transect.
	agfacts.tamu.edu /D10/Kinney/Junerancherupdate.html (1272 words)

	TARD: Research Listing
		Annually, juniper berry production will be estimated within pastures and juniper berries will be randomly sampled from 20 redberry & 20 ashe juniper trees/pasture and planted in pots to determine germination rates.
		Heritability of juniper consumption will be estimated and goats selected based on their ability to tolerate high levels of juniper.
		Riddle, R.R., Taylor, Jr., C.A., Huston, J.E., and Kothmann, M.M. Intake of ashe juniper and liveoak by angora goats.
	www.tard.state.tx.us /?mode=Listing&rl_id=546 (1931 words)

	b52a-1032 in fm03
		Ashe juniper expansion may negatively impact the ecology and hydrology of the Edwards Plateau.
		The Ashe juniper's morphology, rooting habit, and ability to photosynthesize throughout the year suggests greater water loss will occur in areas where Ashe juniper is prevalent compared to areas dominated by grasses.
		Averaged over all 10 sites, about 47% of the precipitation falling on juniper trees is intercepted by the canopy of the tree and evaporated back to the atmosphere, 5% is intercepted by the litter and duff beneath the tree, and 48% actually reaches the ground surface for either recharge or plant growth.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm03&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm03/fm03&maxhits=200&="B52A-1032" (7089 words)

	goldencheekedwarbler
		The Golden Cheeked warbler uses the Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) as the primary tree for nesting, though sometimes redberry juniper will be used.
		Feeding and foraging is done during the morning and afternoon in the upper two third level of its habitat and is not restricted to juniper.
		Prevention of overbrowsing of woody vegetation by stock, restoration of juniper habitat, minimization of canopy disturbance by roads, fences, and such, and proper management to avoid oak wilt disease are important factors in managing for golden cheeked warbler habitat (Beardmore et al, 1995).
	www.rw.ttu.edu /sp_accounts/gcwarbler (423 words)

	Ashe juniper and land development
		Hydrologic impact of replacement of Ashe juniper forests by residential subdivisions in Upper Leon Creek watershed
		Ironically, overgrazing is responsible for much of the damage that nature tries to repair with Ashe juniper.
		Myth: Nobody wants Ashe juniper on their property, hence we are doing homeowners a favor by getting rid of them.
	www.treecoalition.org /ashe.htm (746 words)

	News Notes Issue #52 -Notes on the National Scene
		Ashe juniper is perhaps the most persistent challenge.
		The dense, shrubby evergreen canopy of this species, along with the dry duff layer that accumulates beneath the tree, intercepts as much as 80 percent of the annual precipitation before it reaches the soil, sending most of the water back into the atmosphere as water vapor.
		Grazers generally disdain juniper, and without the lightning-strike blazes of old to control its spread, ashe juniper threatens to take the range for its own.
	www.epa.gov /owow/info/NewsNotes/issue52/agricult52.html (1750 words)

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