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	Ashikaga Yoshimasa
		Ashikaga Yoshimasa (1435 - 1490) was the 8th Ashikaga shogun who reigned from 1449 to 1473 during the Muromachi period of Japan.
		Yoshimasa was the son of the 6th shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori.
		In the middle of hostilities, Yoshimasa retired in 1473, relinquishing the position of Seii Taishogun to his son who became the 9th shogun Ashikaga Yoshihisa.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/as/Ashikaga_Yoshimasa.html (229 words)

	Ashikaga Yoshihisa
		Ashikaga Yoshihisa (1465 - 1489) was the 9th Ashikaga shogun who reigned from 1473 to 1489 during the Muromachi period of Japan.
		Yoshihisa was the son of the 8th shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa.
		In the middle of hostilities, Yoshimasa retired in 1473, relinquishing the position of Seii Taishogun to Yoshihisa.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/as/Ashikaga_Yoshihisa.html (167 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Ashikaga Shogunate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Ashikaga Shogunate (足利幕府;; Ashikaga-bakufu, 1336 - 1573) was a feudal military dictatorship ruled by the shoguns of the Ashikaga family.
		In part because the founder of the Ashikaga shogunate, Ashikaga Takauji[?], did so by siding with the Emperor against the previous Kamakura Shogunate, the Ashikagas shared more of the governmental authority with the Imperial government than the Kamakura had.
		The Ashikaga shogunate was destroyed in 1573 when Oda Nobunaga drove the 14th and last Ashikaga shogun Yoshiaki out of Kyoto.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/as/Ashikaga_Shogunate (263 words)

	Persons of Ancient Japan
		Ashikaga (family): Japanese family that occupied the office of shogun from 1338 to 1573, known as the Muromachi period because the shogun's palace was in the Muromachi district of Kyoto.
		Ashikaga Yoshimasa (reigned 1449-1474) was unable to stop the devastating Onin War (1467-1477) between the great daimyo, and after he abdicated in 1474 to devote himself to the arts, a succession dispute hastened the family's decline.
		The Ashikaga shoguns became puppets of the contending daimyo in the bitter fighting of the 16th century, the so-called Epoch of Warring States.
	members.tripod.com /~muromachi1333/people.html (701 words)

	Ashikaga clan - SamuraiWiki
		The Ashikaga were descended from Minamoto Yoshiie, whose son Yoshikuni settled in the Ashikaga district of Shimotsuke Province.
		The Ashikaga were seriously weakened after the Ônin War (1467-77) and eventually eclipsed by Oda Nobunaga in 1573, who banished the last Ashikaga shôgun, Yoshiaki, from Kyoto.
		The Ashikaga of the Kanto were tasked with maintaining the authority of the Ashikaga shôgun in that region and at first resided at Kamakura.
	wiki.samurai-archives.com /index.php?title=Ashikaga_clan (312 words)

	1336-1568. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Despite the violent internecine strife of the early and late Ashikaga era, in the middle decades literature and art flourished, ruled by Zen standards of restraint and refinement.
		At the same time, the complete collapse of what little authority Ashikaga had exercised over the nation became apparent, and there was great social unrest, resulting in numerous popular uprisings.
		Under popular pressure, Yoshimasa, like other Ashikaga shoguns, repeatedly issued Acts of Grace, which, unlike those of the Kamakura period, were sweeping debt cancellations for the benefit of the whole debtor class.
	www.bartleby.com /67/396.html (1378 words)

	Ashikaga Takauji - Cleverpedia, the ultimate encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ashikaga Takauji (足利尊氏) (* 1305; † 7 June 1358) was the founder and first Shogun of the Ashikaga Shogunats.
		He was a descendant of the Samurai of the Seiwa Genji line, which attribute their sex to emperors Seiwa, who itself in the area Ashikaga of the province Shimotsuke, which settled today's prefecture Tochigi.
		The history of Ashikaga Takauji, emperors Go-Daigo, Nitta Yoshisada and Kusunoki Masashige from the Genko rebellion to the establishment of the northern one and southern Kaiserhofe are in detail in that 40 restrain Epos Taiheiki described.
	cleverpedia.com /Ashikaga_Takauji (452 words)

	Ashikaga Yoshimasa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		January 20, 1435—January 27, 1490) was the 8th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1449 to 1473 during the Muromachi period of Japan.
		During Yoshimasa's reign Japan saw the growth of Higashiyama Culture, famous for Japanese tea ceremony (Sado), Japanese flower arranging (Kado or Ikebana), Noh Japanese drama, and Indian ink painting.
		In 1489, the retired Yoshimasa built Jishoji Temple (Also known as Ginkaku-ji Temple and Silver Pavilion) in Kyoto, one of the current most famous tourist attractions in the ancient capital.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ashikaga_Yoshimasa (279 words)

	Ashikaga Shogunate Encyclopedia Article @ BillionBeeBees.com (Billion Bee Bees) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus, it was a weaker shogunate compared to the Kamakura shogunate and the Tokugawa shogunate.
		However, most of the regional power still remained with the provincial daimyo, and the military power of the shogunate depended largely on their loyalty to the Ashikaga.
		The Ashikaga shogunate was destroyed in 1573 when Oda Nobunaga drove the 15th and last Ashikaga shogun Yoshiaki out of Kyoto.
	www.billionbeebees.com /encyclopedia/Ashikaga_shogunate (383 words)

	Ginkaku-ji: Kyoto's Silver Pavilion
		Yoshimasa was the grandson of the third Ashikaga Shogun Yoshimitsu (1358-1408).
		Yoshimasa's father, the shogun Yoshinori, was assassinated by a vassal who was afraid that the shogun was going to take away his lands.
		Yoshimasa became Shogun when he was in 1449 when he was 14 years old.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/garden_design/10786 (535 words)

	Columbia Magazine
		Yoshimasa was, as Keene puts it, “probably the worst Shôgun,” in his political dealings at least, in the history of the Ashikaga family.
		Yoshimasa, on the other hand, helped bring about what is referred to as the Ônin War, a protracted and destructive conflict in which battles raged through the capital city of Kyoto.
		Yoshimasa, and Keene’s descriptions of him, really come to fruition in the latter half of the book, after the period when Yoshimasa, discouraged by the chaos around him, retires to his new Higashiyama retreat and becomes a patron of the arts.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/alumni/Magazine/Fall2003/silverpavilion.html (588 words)

	Japanese Architecture: Ginkakuji temple, Kyoto
		Yoshimasa was simultaneously patron and designer, shaping his retirement villa according to Zen Buddhist sensibilities acquired from his long association with Zen monks as teachers and companions.
		Yoshimasa consciously based his villa on the Kinkakuji temple of his grandfather, Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, who in turn had based his design on the Saihoji "moss garden" temple built by Muso Soseki (1275-1351).
		Even though Yoshimasa was not responsible for much of the more obvious Zen-style features (such as the "Sea of Silver Sand" and the volcano-shaped "Moon-viewing platform"), which were added in the 1600s, it might be said that these features fit so well because they are consonent with Yoshimasa's inspiration from Saihoji and Kinkakuji.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /kyoto/GINKAKUJI.htm (596 words)

	Ancient Japan - 5
		From the outset, the controlling power of the Ashikaga bakufu was relatively weak, and, especially after the death of Yoshimitsu, the tendency for powerful shugo to defect became marked.
		During the rule of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa a general civil war broke out in the area around Kyoto, caused by economic distress and precipitated by a dispute over the shogunal succession.
		The shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa, for example, ultimately turned his back on a troubled world and built a detached residence--the Silver Pavilion (Ginkaku-ji)--in the Higashiyama section of Kyoto, where he lived in elegance and refinement, paying little attention to matters of government.
	www.crystalinks.com /japan5.html (4268 words)

	Ashikaga Yoshizumi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was the son of Ashikaga Masatomo and grandson of the 6th shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori.
		Adopted by the 8th shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa, he was installed by Hosokawa Masamoto as Seii Taishogun but was stripped of the title in 1508 by the 10th shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane who became shogun for a second term.
		His sons Ashikaga Yoshiharu and Ashikaga Yoshihide became the 12th and 14th shoguns, respectively.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/as/ashikaga_yoshizumi.html (115 words)

	Japanese history: Muromachi Period
		However, the revival of the old imperial offices under the Kemmu restoration (1334) did not last for long because the old administration system was out of date and practice, and incompetent officials failed gaining the support of the powerful landowners.
		Ashikaga Takauji, once fighting for the emperor, now challenged the imperial court and succeeded in capturing Kyoto in 1336.
		During the 15th and 16th centuries, the influence of the Ashikaga shoguns and the government in Kyoto declined to practically nothing.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2134.html (538 words)

	Kyoto Temples: Ginkakuji
		Yoshimasa viewed the garden at night from the pavilion and as it lies in the darkness among tall trees, he had the sandy area installed to reflect the moonlight and "light up" the garden.
		The eight shogun Yoshimasa was childless and had promised his younger brother the shogunal seat, but suddenly retracted this promise when he after all fathered a son in 1465.
		Yoshimasa had started construction of the Higashiyama-dono, a retirement palace in the Eastern Hills in 1460, and here the Silver Pavilion was built as a Kannon Hall.
	www.xs4all.nl /~daikoku/junrei/reijo/7-ban.htm (1715 words)

	Ginkaku-ji: Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa
		Yoshimasa was born in 1436 to the sixth Ashikaga shogun Yoshinori and Shigeko, the daughter of the minister of the left Hino Shigemitsu.
		Like Yoshimitsu, Yoshimasa associated regularly with Zen monks, but he was more interested in cultural and artistic exchange than the demanding practice of zazen.
		Yoshimasa's ministers and advisors were largely motivated by self-interest, and increasingly cared only for personal gain.
	www.shokoku-ji.or.jp /english/e_ginkakuji/history/03.html (456 words)

	Shogun - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, Prince Moriyoshi was later put under house arrest and, in 1335, killed by Ashikaga Tadayoshi.
		Next, Ashikaga Takauji, like Yoritomo a descendant of the Minamoto princes, was awarded the title of sei-i taishogun and established bakufu.
		Ashikaga Shogunate or Muromachi Bakufu - Muromachi period
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Shogun (888 words)

	Under a Single Sword
		Yoshimasa's wife, Tomiko, and the Yamana family wanted the shogunate to pass to Yoshimasa's son, Ashikaga Yoshihisa.
		Ashikaga Yoshimasa realized that if fighting broke out, the entire country would plunge into war because the shogun, occupied with a war in his own capital, would be seen as powerless to control regional conflicts.
		In the midst of the fighting, Ashikaga Yoshimi, who was supported by the Hosokawa family, switched his allegiance to the Yamana, who supported his nephew, Ashikaga Yoshihisa.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C12/E1201.htm (3125 words)

	Ashikaga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The line's founder, Ashikaga Takauji, rebelled in 1333 against the last Hojo shogun in favour of Emperor Go-Daigo.
		The Ashikaga then tried to reunify the country, but were unable ever to fully control the daimyo.
		The Ashikaga shogunate was finally brought down by the warlord Oda Nobunaga, who first installed then (1573) toppled the last Ashikaga shogun, Yoshiaki (reigned 1568-1588).
	www.ox.compsoc.net /~gemini/simons/historyweb/ashikaga.html (265 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Chronology of the Shoguns
		Much of the Kamakura Bakufu was inherited by the Ashikaga Bakufu, stabling their own Samurai-dokoro (which controlled the capital and handled judicial affairs), Mandokoro (the Bakufu financial agency which became the virtual inheritance of the Ise family) and Monchujo.
		Yoshimasa oversaw a great flourishing in the Higashiyama-culture, but also presided over the chaos of the decades that preceded the Onin War and the later Sengokujidai.
		-Yoshitane was the son of Ashikaga Yoshimi, grandson of Yoshinori (6), and cousin of Yoshihisa (9).
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t2044.html (4709 words)

	The Age of the Samurai - Samurai
		Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu finally defeated them and unified the courts after it was agreed that the imperial throne would alternate between the North and South.
		The Shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, wanted to abdicate and, because he had no son, brought his brother Yoshimi out of his monastery with the intention of passing the position onto him.
		However, Ashikaga's wife gave birth to a son not long afterwards and the most powerful rivals in the land saw it as an ideal opportunity to wage war on one another.
	www.taots.co.uk /content/view/12/27 (2419 words)

	Muromachi Period
		Ashikaga Motouji, the Kanto Kanrei, dies and is succeded by Ashikaga Ujimitsu.
		Ashikaga Yoshiakira dies and is succeeded as shôgun by Yoshimitsu; Hosokawa Yoriyuki becomes regent to the young shogun.
		Oûchi Yoshihiro is defeated at Saki by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
	www.samurai-archives.com /time1.html (756 words)

	Wikinfo \| Onin War
		The Onin War really began when the Shogun at the time, Ashikaga Yoshimasa proclaimed his brother, Yoshimi, to be his heir as shogun.
		Yoshimasa even dragged his brother out of a monastery to fulfill his proclamation.
		Ashikaga Yoshimasa was only slightly in-tune with reality; and he obviously didn't have a care what was going on in his country.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Onin_War (1021 words)

	Encyclopedia of Japanese History
		The Ashikaga Shōgunate was founded by Ashikaga Takauji in 1338.
		In part because the founder of the Ashikaga shōgunate, Ashikaga Takauji, did so by siding with the Emperor against the previous Kamakura Shōgunate, the Ashikaga shared more of the governmental authority with the Imperial government than the Kamakura had.
		The Ashikaga shōgunate was destroyed in 1573 when Oda Nobunaga drove the 15th and last Ashikaga shōgun Yoshiaki out of Kyōto.
	www.openhistory.org /jhdp/encyclopedia/index.html (5963 words)

	Kyoto Study Tour 2003
		Although Yoshimasa abdicated his position of shogun to his son in 1473, his brother's son was named Shogun after Yoshimasa's son's death in 1489, making up for the earlier slight.
		Ginkaku became Yoshimasa's escape from the ravages of the civil war.
		Yoshimasa relocated to Higashiyamadono in 1483 and lived there, holding Noh plays, tea ceremonies, and enjoying things of an aesthetic nature until his death in 1490.
	www.patternblue.net /kyoto (1844 words)

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