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	Asian values - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Asian values was a concept that came into vogue in the 1990s, predicated on the belief in the existence in Asian countries of a unique set of institutions and political ideologies which reflected the region's culture and history.
		Proponents of "Asian values", who tend to support Asian-style authoritarian governments, claim they are more appropriate for the region than the democratic values and institutions of the West.
		Asian values were a popular idea in Malaysia, Singapore, and in some political circles in Japan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asian_values (295 words)

	Asian values may not be so particularly Asian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Another allegedly "Asian value" is the stress on the importance of education.
		One "Asian value" that is less respected in the West is respect for authority.
		Another "Asian value" is the emphasis on the importance of achieving consensus.
	www.singapore-window.org /1014st.htm (579 words)

	'Asia' Consciousness and Asian Values by Anthony Milner, Publications, Faculty of Asian Studies, ANU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The case for ridiculing Asian values, and even Asian consciousness, it is clear for all to see, had a massive extra boost with the collapse of the economies of a number of Southeast Asian countries and South Korea in the so-called Asian Crisis.
		In a second, Australia-based investigation dealing with Asian values and conceptual perspectives in a broad range of practical relationships, Malay business people, for instance, are described as perceiving the Chinese habit of charging interest on loans to family members as repugnant to their sense of family obligation.
		The "dialogue" with Asian civilisations, the attempt to "reconnect with (an) historical past" (to recall the aspiration of Mahbubani) is a genuine intellectual inquiry and the possible outcomes, as he himself admits, are not yet fully known to the participants.
	www.anu.edu.au /asianstudies/cons_vals.html (5570 words)

	[No title]
		To speak of an "Asian view" of human rights that has supposedly emanated from Asian perspectives or values is itself problematic: it is impossible to defend the "Asianness" of this view and its legitimacy in representing Asian culture(s).
		The so-called Asian value of "community harmony" is used as an illustration of "cultural" differences between Asian and Western societies, in order to show that the idea of individuals' inalienable rights does not suit Asian societies.
		The "Asian view" relies on such a conceptual maneuver to dismiss individual rights that conflict with the regime's interest, allowing the condemnation of individual rights as anti-communal, destructive of social harmony, and seditionist against the sovereign state.
	www.puaf.umd.edu /IPPP/li.htm (3210 words)

	Understanding Asian Family Values
		Asian Americans are one of the fastest growing cultural groups in the United States.
		The Asian population is diverse, covering a range of ethnicities, cultures, and languages.
		Interdependency is valued and stems from the strong sense of obligation to the family.
	www.casanet.org /library/culture/asian-values.htm (1057 words)

	Asian Values
		An undoubtedly important aspect from the Asian viewpoint was the accompanying political signal of countering the political and economic influence of the USA in Asia through a stronger relational network with Europe and, at the same time, creating a counterbalance to Japan and China.
		A further significant reason for the values offensive is the fact that leading circles are trying to counter the desire for democratisation in their own countries by generally attributing hedonism and decadence to the democratic societies in the West.
		The values discussion, therefore, is also an effort to preserve own identity and to foster the integrational capability of Asian societies — some of which, especially Malaysia, are ethnically extremely fragmented.
	www.gerd-langguth.de /fremdsprachtext/asian_values.htm (5730 words)

	Human Rights and Asian Values
		I want to examine the thesis that Asian values are less supportive of freedom and more concerned with order and discipline, and that the claims of human rights in the areas of political and civil liberties, therefore, are less relevant and less appropriate in Asia than in the West.
		It is important to state at the outset that there are no quintessential values that separate the Asians as a group from people in the rest of the world and which fit all parts of this immensely large and heterogeneous population.
		Values that the European enlightenment and other relatively recent developments have made widespread cannot really be seen as part of the Western heritage as it was experienced over millennia.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/sen.htm (6172 words)

	[No title]
		Asian values are usually defined as family loyalty, hard work, high savings and communal allegiance, but have been often used by autocrats in the East Asian region to justify cronyism and tolerance of corruption, as well as basic violations of human rights.
		Recent events present a strong case against their "Asian values": Mahathir's government is now in danger after the arrest of Anwar, and Indonesian students led the overthrow of the thirty-two year Suharto regime last spring.
		If the "Asian values" dictated by Mahathir were true, his regime would not be jeopardized by pro-democratic popular demonstrations and his neighbors in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines and Thailand would all have authoritarian governments.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~ppq/s99/s99asianvalues.html (990 words)

	The Emperor has no clothes: Asian values in recidivism
		Asian values became a favourite weapon in ASEAN government circles and not so popular in management and business circles, mainly because its major value was in reinforcing the credibility of the ruling political elite...
		Hard work is not an intrinsic Asian value, it comes from the motivation of catching up, and the actions of governments in holding out Western consumer goods as the carrot.
		Asian governments then began to realise that there was a downside to Western lifestyles too, and by clever use of the media tried to reduce the bad side while still taking the good.
	www.apmforum.com /news/apmn156.htm (1741 words)

	ASIAN VALUES AND HUMAN RIGHTS: LETTING THE TIGERS FREE. Human Rights Research and Education Centre Bulletin. ...
		While low-cost export oriented industrialisation strategies in some Asian countries, including the utilization of cheap labour, may have contributed to their global competitiveness, one author, Mehmet, has also noted that low-cost labour strategies are central to the explanation of how rampant corruption, at least in Indonesia, does not retard economic growth.
		Asian NGOs have also refuted their governments claim that human rights are incompatible with Asian Values.
		Many of these representatives of Asian civil society have asserted that this emphasis on Asian Values in conflict with human rights is an attempt by authoritarian governments to legitimise their corrupt regimes.
	www.uottawa.ca /hrrec/publicat/asian_values.html (7528 words)

	Values
		Asians have the most conservative, traditionally family and heirachically organized value of all ethnic cultures.
		Asians are much less likely to stick out (thus, there are few Asian rock stars), or show outward emotion (thus children who complain that their parents never hugged them much).
		Asians rarely are taught the common notion among African Americans and some Latinos that the only reason Whites are ahead and they are behind is because of racism and hundreds of years of oppression, and no amount of effort will be rewarded by an unfair system.
	www.arthurhu.com /index/values.htm (2848 words)

	Francis Fukuyama Lecture
		In light of the severe recession that has gripped Asia in 1997-98, the collapse of the paternalistic Asian authoritarian government in Indonesia, and political instability in Malaysia itself, these arguments now ring hollow, and it is safe to say that "Asian values" have not figured prominently in the analysis and interpretation of the crisis.
		The second weakness of the original Asian values argument, which is shared by many cultural explanations of behavior, lies in the fact that values almost never have a direct impact on behavior; they must be mediated through a variety of institutions to make themselves manifest.
		Asian values in all their diversity have had played a role in shaping the economic and political institutions of East Asia, and in giving Asian societies a very different degree of social order than the developed countries of the West.
	www.icasinc.org /f1998/frff1998.html (6295 words)

	Comparative Philosophy, Synthesis of East and West, Human Rights, Asian Values, Chinese Values, Comparative Ethics, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lee offers the Asian values response in an apparently sincere effort to make a point that he admits to not being able to formulate or justify (at least to Patten in his terms).
		In concluding, however, I want to argue that many of the apologies comparativists offer for the Asian values position are weakened or defeated by their misuse of the principle of humanity.
		What the argument rejects is defenses of Asian values appeals that simply appeal to conclusions about the character of Confucianism without showing that its adopting that approach is warranted by the standards of the relevant community.
	hkusuc.hku.hk /philodep/ch/aparights.html (8585 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But once rulers start talking about Asian values, especially when they advocate that Asian values mean the state is higher than the individual or say that such a value system should replace the respect for personal freedom and rights or replace the necessity to practice democracy in Asia, then their intentions are evil.
		The Asian values are no more than a "secret code," hard to understand by Westerners, that uses the name of an indigenous culture and its economic development to suppress human rights.
		Asian values have sown many seeds of evil in the economy as well, for instance, in the collusion between officials and merchants, transactions between money and power, embezzlement and graft, manipulation of markets, monopolies, and fighting with the people over vested interests.
	menic.utexas.edu /~bennett/__322/Liu_Junming.htm (1183 words)

	College Literature: Globalization and "Asian Values": Teaching and Theorizing Asian American Literature
		Such a conception or misconception of Asian American culture might be easily dismissed on the ground that the students conflate Asian and Asian American cultures or simply fall victim to the commercialization of minority literature in American culture and society.
		In this essay, rather than dismissing the question of "Asian values" as politically irrelevant to Asian American literature and imposing Asian American politics on students, I argue that we as instructors should investigate with students the emergence and evolvement of "Asian values" in the broader contexts of global capitalism and American political culture.
		Only by examining "Asian values" in such broader contexts of global capitalism and American political culture, can we convince our students that "Asian values" are not politically neutral but are culturally loaded in a way that reflects the interests of different nation-states, groups, and individuals.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3709/is_200501/ai_n9520891 (944 words)

	I have a right to... \| BBC World Service
		At the forefront of the so-called 'Asian values' debate is Dr Mahathir Mohamad, the prime minister of Malaysia, and the former prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, along with several other public intellectuals in the region.
		Although their arguments vary, advocates of Asian values maintain that there are clear and often sharp differences between the values and traditions in the East and in the West.
		Some Asian leaders have also argued that since not all Asian nations are as economically developed as Western nations, it is not fair to expect them to uphold all of the rights listed in the Universal Declaration.
	www.bbc.co.uk /worldservice/people/features/ihavearightto/four_b/casestudy_art30.shtml (593 words)

	Asian News Values
		These were some of the questions discussed at a conference on journalism and social change in Asia, held from 2 to 4 June in Hong Kong, China, organized by the Baptist University of Hong Kong.
		They agreed that tradition, cultural values and political ideologies affect press freedom more than other variables in Asia.
		But they also pointed out that with the growing importance of Internet and a "marketization" of the news, the role of the media is changing.
	www.unescap.org /unis/unfocus/unfocus2/asian.htm (318 words)

	SW:Unmasking Asian Values FEER Apr 22, 1999
		While the Asian and Western scholars who wrote and edited this volume are too polite to say so directly, their message is plain: All of you are wrong in the way you have framed and focused your running debate over human rights and Asian values.
		Some Asian governments, in turn, misuse the concept of Asian values to justify political repression in the name of economic development and social stability.
		Those leaders also claim that Asian values are pervasive through their region when, in fact, there are marked differences.
	www.singapore-window.org /sw99/90422fe.htm (759 words)

	Transnational China Project Sponsored Commentary, Wei-Ming Tu on Asian Values and the Asian Crisis
		And the added value of cultural values is not a substitute for political institutional explanations.
		These values cannot be used for the maintenance of social order, for human flourishing, for the development of equitable forms of life.
		And if any of these values are relegated to the background or pushed away, it would not only be a major threat to China’s stability but also a major threat to the rest of the world.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~tnchina/commentary/tu1098.html (5706 words)

	FDL - AP Archives: "Asian Values and Human Rights" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The claim that "Asian Values" and Asian culture are at odds with Western concepts of human rights has been repeated widely in recent years.
		The other Asian states that are most insistent on sovereignty manifest greater respect for the forms of democracy, but a factor in their unchanging leadership is the systematic suppression on oppositional expression.
		Though some Asian leaders invoke Asian values to respond to Western proponents of human rights, it seems more likely that their primary concern is with their domestic dissenters.
	www.nancho.net /fdlap/fdessay2.html (1056 words)

	Harvard University Press/Asian Values and Human Rights/Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Asian Values and Human Rights is an attempt to present and defend an interpretation of Confucianism that may be relevant for Confucian-influenced societies in East Asia, especially China...Too often, this kind of debate involves recovering obscure and long-forgotten references, and 'proving' that Asian societies profess this or that political value.
		He strongly rejects the ideological construction of 'Asian values.' Confucianism, properly understood, addresses the human condition, not simply the 'Asian' or Chinese situation; properly understood, it in no way endorses arbitrary power.
		Asian Values and Human Rights is strongly recommended to both scholar and general reader, given the urgency of worldwide environmental problems 'requiring a common approach and common standards to these inseparable problems of the human-earth community.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /reviews/DEBASI_R.html (496 words)

	Testing Asian Values
		Tose was not alone in his preference for unrepresentative governments admired for their "efficiency." Other prominent Asian and Western business leaders shared his admiration for authoritarian countries such as Indonesia and China and mocked the "inefficiency" of democracies like India and the Philippines.
		Let's hope that the region's economic reckoning and Indonesia's disastrous path will help put to rest the myth of "Asian values": that democracy and human rights are "Western" concepts inimical both to Asia and to economic growth.
		The first lesson from the Asian crisis is that a government that is not answerable to its people will not be likely to have open markets or the institutions required to impose discipline to overcome a financial crisis.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/financial/011898lee.html (448 words)

	Singapore: Financier rejects 'Asian values' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		CREDIT Suisse First Boston (CSFB) vice-chairman Richard Holbrooke yesterday rejected the concept of Asian values, saying the notion had been used as a front to conceal dubious business practices which had contributed to the regional crisis.
		Mr Holbrooke said if the so-called value system was allowed to flourish unchanged as Asia recovered, the region would again face the threat of social upheaval and economic dislocation.
		But Asian values - a much over-used phrase - was really a smokescreen for something else.
	www.singapore-window.org /80328sc.htm (514 words)

	"Asian Values": The Asian Abuse Excuse
		What followed was an equally predictable charge from Southeast Asian leaders: that the United States doesn't understand "Asian values." Leading the charge, as usual, was Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad, who pointedly reminded America to mind its own business.
		They claim that in the Asian paradigm, values such as consensus and stability trump individual rights and freedom, and they argue that the United States has no right to judge the humanitarian affairs of other nations.
		The US typically dismisses claims of "Asian values" out of hand as a convenient excuse to continue the maintenance of an overly powerful state, in the case of Malaysia and Singapore, or outright human rights abuses, in the case of China and Indonesia.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/politics_east_asia/2727 (591 words)

	Thinking About Human Rights and Asian Values (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		While it might not be clear what "Asian values" are, they seem to have gained a place in the standard analysis of contemporary events.
		I am not, of course, disputing that at a truly deep level, cultural comparisons based on real history could be extremely interesting in diagnosing the balance of focal concerns in different regional traditions in the world and in dealing with the principles and reasonings that have a bearing on the contemporary formulations of human rights.
		But neither the rapid invoking of "Asian values" in defense of suppressing human rights, nor the expression of Western anxiety and consternation about "Asian" ways, helps to advance critical scrutiny of the role of human rights and their consequences in Asian societies.
	www.carnegiecouncil.org /viewMedia.php/prmID/519 (662 words)

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