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Topic: Asiatic cholera

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	Cholera
		Cholera (frequently called Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera) is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
		cholerae produces cholera toxin, the model for enterotoxins, whose action on the mucosal epithelium is responsible for the characteristic diarrhea of the disease cholera.
		In 1883, Robert Koch successfully isolated the cholera vibrio from the intestinal discharges of cholera patients and proved conclusively that it was the agent of the disease.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /cholera.html (3967 words)

	cholera - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		cholera or Asiatic cholera, acute infectious disease caused by strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae that have been infected by bacteriophages.
		The bacteria, which are found in fecal-contaminated food and water and in raw or undercooked seafood, produce a toxin that affects the intestines causing diarrhea, vomiting, and severe fluid and electrolyte loss.
		Cholera has a short incubation period (two or three days) and runs a quick course.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-cholera.html (337 words)

	Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
		In 1883, Robert Koch successfully isolated the cholera vibrio from the intestinal discharges of cholera patients and proved conclusivley that it was the agent of the disease.
		Cholera toxin activates the adenylate cyclase enzyme in cells of the intestinal mucosa leading to increased levels of intracellular cAMP, and the secretion of H20, Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3- into the lumen of the small intestine.
		Once the cholera toxin has bound to the GM1 receptor on host cells, the A1 subunit is released from the toxin, presumably by reduction of the disulfide bond that links it to A2, and enters the cell by an unknown translocation mechanism.
	www.tjclarkinc.com /bacterial_diseases/cholera_vibrio_cholerae.htm (3332 words)

	Asiatic Cholera in Rochester
		--PHYLLIS A. Asiatic cholera, popularly nicknamed "The Scourge of the Nations," was undoubtedly the outstanding epidemic disease of the nineteenth century.
		Asiatic cholera is a very violent intestinal disease, usually running a short course to dehydration and death, often in a matter of hours.
		A map of the cases of cholera in Rochester in 1832, made by Donald Henderson for a thesis presented to the University of Rochester School of Medicine, shows that the cases of cholera were mostly in the vicinity of the Erie Canal and the Genesee River, as might be expected.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /index.cfm?page=3353 (2882 words)

	GENUKI: Cholera in Wales
		Asiatic cholera is a specific infectious disease of high mortality, characterized clinically by violent vomiting and purging leading rapidly to collapse, the choleraic stools having a typical appearance that is generally described as 'rice-water'-a term that well-illustrates their colour and consistency.
		The local papers were curiously reticent about reporting the cases of cholera that were occurring in parts of North Wales at this time, but this may have been a studied oversight in view of the visit of the Princess Charlotte and her daughter, the future Queen Victoria, to Anglesey during August.
		The cholera of 1831-2 taught the lesson of the great need for sanitary reform, and among the recommendations of the Poor Law Commission---itself one of the first fruits of the Reform Act of 1832---was for the establishment of a Royal Commission to enquire into the state of towns in the kingdom.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/wal/Cholera.html (9690 words)

	Asiatic Cholera in Central Illinois - McLean County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Asiatic Cholera was one of the swiftest in action of all known contagious diseases, completing its work of destruction on the human body in from one to three days after the first appearance of its symptoms, almost invariably with a fatal termination, and seldom a recovery.
		She contracted Asiatic cholera supposedly at a hotel in Chicago where she had stopped to rest a few days while enroute to Illinois, partly recovered, succeeded in making her way on to Bloomington, (if my information is correct) went to the home of James S. McWhorter in Selma, Ill, where her sister Mrs.
		Many cholera victims died on river steamboats that stopped at the nearest river bank as soon as possible after a death occurred; burial was hastily made, often in a strange land, far from the victim's home and friends, and the grave left unmarked, soon became lost and unknown.
	genealogytrails.com /ill/mclean/asiaticcholera.html (10514 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book: Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1
		Cholera can be confirmed only by the isolation of the causative organism from the diarrheic stools of infected individuals.
		Cholera is generally a disease spread by poor sanitation, resulting in contaminated water supplies.
		Following the epidemic spread of cholera in Peru (1), in April 1991, health officials in neighboring Bolivia established a surveillance system to detect the appearance and monitor the spread of cholera in their country.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap7.html (1861 words)

	The New Yorker: PRINTABLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cholera is caused by a comma-shaped bacterium—Vibrio cholerae—whose role was identified by the German physician Robert Koch in 1883.
		Hippocrates mentioned cholera as a common post-childhood disease, but given that he thought it might be brought on by eating goat’s meat he was probably referring to a less malign form of diarrhea.
		Whitehead discovered that the first, or “index,” case of the Soho cholera was a child living on Broad Street: her diapers had been rinsed in water that was then tipped into a cesspool in front of a house just a few feet away from the well.
	www.newyorker.com /printables/critics/061106crbo_books (3342 words)

	Cholera
		The cholera; its history, course and treatment; opinions of over forty celebrated physicians of Europe and America on the cause, prevention and cure of Asiatic cholera...
		Asiatic cholera: its origin, history, and progress, for over two hundred years, and the devastations it has caused in the East and West; its ravages in Europe and America in 1831-2, in 1848-9, in 1854-5, and in 1865-6...
		A plain and practical treatise on the epidemic cholera, as it prevailed in the city of New York, in the summer of 1832; including its nature, causes, treatment and prevention.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /e/su/med/histmed/cholera.html (841 words)

	Asiatic Cholera Pandemic of 1817
		In 1828, cholera reached Chiva and was carried by the Kirghese hordes to Orenburg (Chkalov, Russia) at the southern tip of the Ural Mountains in August 1829.
		Cholera attacked Havana, Cuba, in February 1833, killing more than 8,000 inhabitants, and arrived in Mexico where, by August, it had claimed some 15,000 lives.
		Cholera was also reported from China in 1826 and 1835 (at Canton), from the Straits Settlements (Malaysia and Singapore) in 1826, and from Japan in 1831.
	www.ph.ucla.edu /epi/snow/pandemic1826-37.html (671 words)

	The 1832 Cholera Epidemic in New York State:
		In this respect, the 1832 Cholera epidemic was different than prior diseases and epidemics; instead of government's prior tendency to disintegrate and disappear as disease approached, the New York City government remained on the field and played a major and dominant role in the public health response.
		Such discretion was justified due to the tendency to associate cholera with the "intemperate and imprudent." With the early August deaths of Philo Rockwell, Esq., Clara Ostrom, daughter of David Ostrom, Esq, and sister of General John H. Ostrom, and Miss Gainer, daughter of Mr.
		Cholera in particular remains an unpopular, "dirty" event and is overwhelmingly associated with filth, ignorance, poverty, contaminated water, lack of public health, and newly developing communities.
	www.earlyamerica.com /review/2000_fall/1832_cholera.html (9583 words)

	Basic Summary for Cholera - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Profile for Cholera: Target Populations: All people are believed to be susceptible to infection, but individuals with damaged or undeveloped immunity, reduced gastric acidity, or malnutrition may suffer more severe forms of the illness.
		Geography Profile for Cholera: Cholera has been very rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 years; however, the disease is still common today in other parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa.
		In the United States, because of advanced water and sanitation systems, cholera is not a major threat; however, everyone, especially travelers, should be aware of how the disease is transmitted and what can be done to prevent it.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /c/cholera/basics.htm (801 words)

	Health and Hygiene in the Nineteenth Century
		In the 1830s and the 1840s there were three massive waves of contagious disease: the first, from 1831 to 1833, included two influenza epidemics and the initial appearance of cholera; the second, from 1836 to 1842, encompassed major epidemics of influenza, typhus, typhoid, and cholera.
		The first outbreak of Asiatic cholera in Britain was at Sunderland on the Durham coast during the Autumn of 1831.
		The progress of the illness in a cholera victim was a frightening spectacle: two or three died of diarrhoea which increased in intensity and became accompanied by painful retching; thirst and dehydration; sever pain in the limbs, stomach, and abdominal muscles; a change skin hue to a sort of bluish-grey.
	www.victorianweb.org /science/health/health10.html (2699 words)

	Snow on Cholera: Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This experienced practitioner at once recognized the case as one of Asiatic cholera; and, having bestowed considerable attention on the investigation of the disease, immediately inquired for some probable source of contagion, but in vain: no such source could be discovered.
		The post mortem inspection of the bodies of cholera patients has hardly ever been followed by the disease that I am aware, this being a duty that is necessarily followed by careful washing of the hands; and it is not the habit of medical men to be taking food on such an occasion.
		When, on the other hand, cholera is introduced into the better kind of houses, as it often is, by means that will be afterwards pointed out, it hardly ever spreads from one member of the family to another.
	www.uic.edu /sph/prepare/courses/nuph315/resources/snowcase1.htm (5207 words)

	Old City Cemetery Committee, Inc. - 1850 Cholera Epidemic Victims
		One of the worst epidemics of Asiatic Cholera anywhere occurred in Sacramento in 1850.
		At that time, no one knew what caused cholera or how it was transferred, but there was no mistaking what it was.
		Of the 17 physicians who died of cholera while caring for the victims of the 1850 epidemic, only one of the 17 is notably buried in this cemetery.
	www.oldcitycemetery.com /cholera.htm (262 words)

	Cholera
		Cholera is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which lives and multiples (colonizes) in the small intestine but does not destroy or invade the intestinal tissue (noninvasive).
		The major symptom of cholera is massive watery diarrhea that occurs because of a toxin secreted by the bacteria that stimulates the cells of the small intestine to secrete fluid.
		There are several strains of V. cholerae and the severity of the disease is based on the particular infectious strain.
	www.webmd.com /hw/infection/nord144.asp (452 words)

	Cholera, King Cholera. Sickness and Death in the Old South. Genealogy, History, Family History, American South.
		Cholera is an acute, infectious disease characterized by extreme diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps.
		Cholera is primarily spread by feces-contaminated water and food; or as some say, it is a deadly water borne disease usually resulting from poor hygiene and untreated water.
		Once cholera was introduced into the waste system, it was easy for the drinking water systems (poor as they were) to become cross contaminated; and once the water system was comprised, neither poor nor rich were spared.
	www.tngenweb.org /darkside/cholera.html (780 words)

	cholera
		In the United States during 1993 and 1994, 22 and 47 cholera cases were reported to CDC, respectively.
		Other bacterial enterotoxins related to cholera toxin have been reported in non-group O Vibrio strains and a strain of Salmonella.
		Enterotoxins, toxins which act in the GI tract, are produced by a wide variety of bacteria.
	fig.cox.miami.edu /~lfarmer/BIL265/cholera.htm (2255 words)

	Minutus - Homeopathy
		This foolhardy, disgusting procedure they allege to be the experimentum crucis, that is to say, an incontrovertible proof of the non-contagious nature of cholera, that it is not propagated by contact, but is present in the atmosphere, and for this reason attacks individuals in widely distant places.
		To the very highest people of the town and of the court the cholera angel of death obtains access, in the person of the physician who gives this evil counsel, enveloped by the fresh miasm and no one detects the concealed, invisible, but, for that reason, all the more dangerous enemy.
		Thus, the cholera is most surely and easily and almost miraculously curable, but only in the first couple of hours from the commencement of the sickening, by means of the employment of pure camphor, and that before the physicians in larger towns that are summoned can attend.
	www.minutus.org /library/article_read.asp?id=13 (882 words)

	Cholera - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Detailed information about the causes of Cholera including medication causes and drug interaction causes can be found in our causes pages.
		With a diagnosis of Cholera, it is also important to consider whether there is an underlying condition causing Cholera.
		Prevention information for Cholera has been compiled from various data sources and may be inaccurate or incomplete.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /c/cholera/intro.htm (776 words)

	The Cholera Epidemic of 1832 in Buffalo
		The dreaded Asiatic cholera had been spreading over Europe in 1831, and while desperate efforts were made to keep it out of America, it was found to be in Quebec in the spring of 1832, having been carried it is thought by emigrants from Ireland.
		Citizens were wont to wear a little bag of "gum camphor" hanging from the neck; and there were few who did not feel that life was dear as well as uncertain, at the time when the reported cases of cholera in Buffalo exceeded one hundred in a day.
		The first reported case of cholera in Buffalo was on July 16th, "an Irish laborer, an habitual drunkard," being the victim.
	www.buffalonian.com /history/articles/1801-50/cholera32.html (916 words)

	Cholera
		Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.
		Cholera is not a difficult disease to treat and most people recover well with appropriate oral fluid replacement (hydration).
		However, if the disease goes untreated, it can rapidly lead to shock, as a result of fluid and electrolyte loss, and to life-threatening complications.
	www.bchealthguide.org /kbase/nord/nord144.htm (420 words)

	Map of Routes of Asiatic Cholera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cholera affected millions of people as it spread from its point of origin in northeastern India and marched along trade routes in the late 1820s and into Europe in the early 1830s.
		Many Americans, particularly those in cities on the eastern seaboard, watched it rampage across Europe with trepidation.
		Quarantines had failed to stop the spread of the disease, and American observers soon came to believe that the Atlantic Ocean could only delay, but not completely halt, its inevitable arrival.
	www.vny.cuny.edu /Search/search_res_image.php?id=486 (80 words)

	CHOLERA, DIARRHOEA AND DYSENTERY : HOMOEOPATHIC PREVENTION AND CURE. by John Henry Clarke, M. D. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		CHOLERA, DIARRHOEA AND DYSENTERY : HOMOEOPATHIC PREVENTION AND CURE.
		Part I. Chapter I. - What is Cholera ?
		- ENGLISH CHOLERA AND DIARRHA. Chapter V. - Description of English Cholera.
	www.homeoint.org /books5/clarkecholera/index.htm (54 words)

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