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Topic: Aspartate

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	Aspartate Transaminase
		Aspartate transaminase is an enzyme that has raised levels in acute liver damage, as with liver cancer or hepatitis.
		Presence of aminotransferaces indicates increased plasma activity, which generally indicates that enzymes are leaking from the cytoplasm and mitochondria as a result of tissue damage.
		Aspartate transaminase in particular is a signifier of alcohol damage.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Aspartate_Transaminase (277 words)

	Team may have found key to cell response
		The aspartate receptor, which has been extensively studied, is a member of a large family of bacterial protein receptors and is similar to mammalian receptors for such things as low-density lipoproteins, insulin, and both epidermal and platelet-derived growth factors.
		The sensing domain of the aspartate receptor was revealed to be a dimer, a molecule consisting of two subunits.
		Aspartate binds between two alpha helices of one unit and one alpha helix of the other in a highly charged pocket that engulfs almost the entire surface area of the captured molecule.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/aspartate.html (729 words)

	Pharmaceutical preparation containing L-aspartate or L-asparagine for preventing ethanol toxicity, and process for ...
		Aspartate or asparagine was added to juice prepared from vegetables such as asparagus, bean sprout, and the juice or extract of fruits such as pear, peach, apple at 0.5-1.5 weight % of the amino acid.
		Aspartate or asparagine was mixed with one or two additional amino acids, citric acids, or sugars so as to be prepared in the form of a tablet or capsule wherein the aspartate or asparagine is present at 0.1 to 90%, preferably 0.1-50%, most preferably 0.1% to 10% by weight.
		Aspartate or asparagine was mixed with one or two additional amino acids or with vitamins, to be made into solution at 0.5-5 weight % of ASP or ASN, and was prepared for intravenous injection.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5389359.html (4396 words)

	Magnesium Potassium Aspartate .... WRITE UP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In addition, the aspartate moiety is reported to reduce oxygen consumption by the cells during the energy cycle.
		Detoxification of ammonia or increase in the tricarboxylic acid-cycle flux.
		As a source for food fortification, magnesium potassium aspartate is a dual salt of magnesium and potassium organically bound to the energy rich substance-aspartate.
	www.mineralsinc.com /WriteUp/MagnesiumPotassiumAspartate_w.htm (836 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| EAAC1 is expressed in rat and human prostate epithelial cells; functions as a ...
		The aspartate transporter Km ~10 uM aspartate (compared to 30 uM aspartate concentration in plasma) and other kinetic properties described earlier [5-7] provide for aspartate uptake and cellular accumulation against the existing 40:1 concentration gradient (intracellular: interstitial fluid) across the cell membrane.
		The importance of aspartate and EAAC1 as the high-affinity L-aspartate transporter in the unique function and citrate-related intermediary metabolism of prostate cells is depicted in figure 6.
		The in situ operation and preference of plasma membrane-associated EAAC1 either as a high-affinity glutamate transporter or as a high-affinity aspartate transporter is determined by the intracellular and extracellular environment of the cell, and by the functional/metabolic activities of the cell.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2091/7/10 (4065 words)

	L-Aspartate
		These latter activities were the rationale for the claim that supplemental aspartate has an anti-fatigue effect on skeletal muscle, a claim that was never confirmed.
		It is hypothesized that L-aspartate, especially the potassium magnesium aspartate salt, spares stores of muscle glycogen and/or promotes a faster rate of glycogen resynthesis during exercise.
		Inhibition of mouse-killing behavior in magnesium-deficient rats: effect of pharmacological doses of magnesium pidolate, magnesium aspartate, magnesium lactate, magnesium gluconate and magnesium chloride.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/las_0028.shtml (794 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Rodent studies demonstrated that when ingested at doses of 0.5 g/ kg or greater, the circumventricular organs that surround the ventricles of the brain become necrotic.
		Rodents that have ingested too much aspartate as infants are stunted as adults, obese and have sexual and reproductive dysfunctions. Aspartate is additive in its effects with glutamate and other excitotoxins. In other words, a subtoxic dose of aspartate added to a subtoxic dose of glutamate may add up to a toxic dose.
		Since the late 1960's when the first report of aspartate toxicity was published, these effects have been reproduced in every species studied, including primates.
	www.dorway.com /price2.txt (318 words)

	MedFriendly.com: Aspartate aminotransferase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Aspartate aminotransferase (commonly abbreviated AST) is a type of enzyme.
		A vitamin is one of a group of substances made up partly of carbon (an element) that are essential in small amounts for normal bodily functioning and chemical processes in the body to take place.
		Aspartate aminotransferase is also known as glutamic-oxaloacetic transferase (GOT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transferase (SGOT), aspartate transaminase, and glutamic-aspartic transaminase.
	www.medfriendly.com /aspartateaminotransferase.html (1515 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Integrated allosteric regulation in the S. cerevisiaecarbamylphosphate synthetase - ...
		The positions of the point mutations which specifically abolish the sensitivity of aspartate transcarbamylase to UTP define an interface between the carbamylphosphate synthetase and aspartate transcarbamylase domains, through which the allosteric signal for the regulation of aspartate transcarbamylase must be propagated.
		In the case of yeast ATCase, UTP decreases the affinity for the substrate aspartate [26].
		The channeling of carbamylphosphate to aspartate transcarbamylase and its partition in the pyrimidine and arginine pathways.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2091/5/6 (5419 words)

	The Escherichia coli aspartate receptor: sequence specificity of a transmembrane helix studied by hydrophobic-biased ...
		The aspartate receptor is a dimer with two transmembrane sequences per subunit, for a total of four transmembrane sequences.
		and absence of aspartate (Milligan and Koshland, 1988
		No aspartate receptor is found in the membrane or cytoplasmic fractions from the cells which were transformed with vector alone (V).
	peds.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/12/10/863 (5530 words)

	InterPro: IPR001048 Aspartate/glutamate/uridylate kinase
		In prokaryotes and plants the synthesis of the essential amino acids lysine and threonine is predominantly regulated by feed-back inhibition of aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS).
		The lysine-sensitive isoenzyme of aspartate kinase from spinach leaves has a subunit composition of 4 large and 4 small subunits [ 2 ].
		The conversion of aspartate into either the storage amino acid asparagine or aspartate family amino acids may be subject to a coordinated, reciprocal metabolic control, and this biochemical branch point is a part of a larger, coordinated regulatory mechanism of nitrogen and carbon storage and utilization.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001048 (3271 words)

	The Glutamate/Aspartate Restricted Diet (GARD diet)
		We are restricting the level of glutamate and aspartate in the diet because the neurons and supportive cells of the brain are diseased and cannot handle the high levels of this non-essential, neurostimulating amino acid in our typical diet.
		And mainly, the G.A.R.D. is low in the non-essential amino acids glutamate and aspartate, which clearly ARE crossing into the brain in the same fashion as their concentrated forms (MSG and aspartame), causing over-excitation of neurons.
		We are restricting the level of glutamate and aspartate in the diet because the neurons of the brain (and their associated supportive cells called glial cells, or astrocytes) are diseased and cannot handle the high levels of this non-essential, neurostimulating amino acid in our typical diet.
	dogtorj.tripod.com /id16.html (6918 words)

	Calcium Aspartate + Bone Support Minerlas
		A dietary supplement to support bone function.* Calcium Aspartate+ is an amino acid chelate of Calcium and Aspartic Acid.
		This complex is absorbed intact and then delivered to specific sites in the body where it is released in the inner layer of the outer cell membrane.
		No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other wise, without prior written permission of the copyright owner.
	www.fslabs.com /calas.html (162 words)

	InterPro: IPR001341 Aspartate kinase region
		Aspartate kinase (EC:2.7.2.4) (AK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of aspartate.
		The product of this reaction can then be used in the biosynthesis of lysine or in the pathway leading to homoserine, which participates in the biosynthesis of threonine, isoleucine and methionine [ 1 ].
		O23653 Aspartokinase 2, chloroplast precursor (EC 2.7.2.4) (Aspartate kinase 2)
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001341 (2912 words)

	BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life
		The oxaloacetate is transaminated with glutamate to make aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate.
		Aspartate is returned to the cytosol by the aspartate-glutamate transporter, which moves glutamate into the mitochondria as it transports aspartate out.
		The overall result is that NADH is transported into the mitochondria, and can be used to generate 3 ATP per every NADH transported in from the cytosol, a very efficient process.
	www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/h_malatePathway.asp (252 words)

	Aspartate transcarbamylase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi: Insights into cooperative and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Saturation by aspartate was measured at 30, 37, 45 and 55 °C, in the presence of saturating amounts of CP.
		Fetler L, Tauc P, Hervé G, Moody MF and Vachette P (1995) X-Ray scattering titration of the quaternary structure transition of aspartate transcarbamylase with a bisubstrate analogue: influence of nucleotide effectors.
		Sakash JB and Kantrowitz ER (1998) The N-terminus of the regulatory chain of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase is important for both nucleotide binding and heterotropic effects.
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/272/11/2670 (5511 words)

	Catachem Announces FDA Approval of the Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) In-Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Chemistry Reagent Kit
		Aspartate Aminotransferase (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, SGOT, AST) in vitro diagnostic chemistry reagent kit.
		Measurements of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activity are used for diagnosing liver and heart diseases, as well as, for monitoring the causes and treatment.
		Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) Aspartate aminotransferase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate and L-aspartate to L-glutamate and oxalacetate.
	www.bioportfolio.com /news/Catachem_15.htm (522 words)

	Aspartate Receptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of the aspartate receptor from Escherichia colii has been solved and refined to an R-factor of 20.3% at 2.3 A resolution.
		All hydrogen bonds made to aspartate are substituted by direct or water mediated hydrogen bonds to the sulfate.
		The inability of the receptor from Salmonella typhimurium to respond to maltose may therefore be due to differences in amino acids located on the binding surface rather than structural differences.
	www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu /People/Bowie/Gallery/AspR.html (167 words)

	Aspartate transaminase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli bound with cofactor pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PDB 1AAM)
		Aspartate aminotransferase of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the aspC gene.,
		Aspartate Transaminase (AST) also called Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) (EC 2.6.1.1) is similar to alanine transaminase (ALT) in that it is another enzyme associated with liver parenchymal cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aspartate_transaminase (136 words)

	Photosynthetic Metabolism of Aspartate in Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells Isolated from Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) ...
		Photosynthetic Metabolism of Aspartate in Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells Isolated from Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., a NADP+-Malic Enzyme C4 Plant -- Shieh et al.
		Photosynthetic Metabolism of Aspartate in Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells Isolated from Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., a NADP
		aspartate may be converted to malate in both mesophyll and bundle
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/abstract/69/4/776 (220 words)

	Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
		An aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test measures the amount of this enzyme in the blood.
		AST is normally found in red blood cells, liver, heart, muscle tissue, pancreas, and kidneys.
		The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test is more effective than the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test for detecting liver damage caused by alcohol dependence.
	www.webmd.com /hw/hepatitis/hw20331.asp (894 words)

	Molecular identification of monomeric aspartate racemase from Bifidobacterium bifidum -- Yamashita et al. 271 (2324): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Molecular identification of monomeric aspartate racemase from Bifidobacterium bifidum
		The nucleotide sequence of the aspartate racemase gene encoded
		Cloning and Expression of the Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate-Dependent Aspartate Racemase Gene from the Bivalve Mollusk Scapharca broughtonii and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzyme
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/271/23-24/4798 (314 words)

	Potassium Aspartate + Minerals
		A dietary supplement to support proper nerve and heart functions.* Potassium Aspartate is an amino acid chelate of Potassium and Aspartic Acid.
		This complex is absorbed intact and is released in the inner layer of the outer cell membrane.
		DaVinci’s Potassium Aspartate+ formula includes Vitamin B6 and Niacinamide to assist in optimal utilization of Potassium Aspartate.
	www.davincilabs.com /vitamins_supplements/potassium-aspartate-plus.php (162 words)

	Magnesium Aspartate + - Minerals
		A dietary supplement to support proper nerve and muscle functions.* Magnesium Aspartate+ is an amino acid chelate of Magnesium and Aspartic Acid.
		This complex forms a tight bond and is released in the inner layer of the outer cell membrane.
		and Niacinamide to assist in optimum utilization of Magnesium Aspartate.
	www.fslabs.com /magas.html (153 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Aspartate transaminase - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Aspartate transaminase: Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate.
		The term Aspartate transaminase can be used for:
		The description of Aspartate transaminase may also be used for the following terms:
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/aspartate_transaminase.htm (195 words)

	Aspartate and maltose-binding protein interact with adjacent sites in the Tar chemotactic signal transducer of ...
		Aspartate and maltose-binding protein interact with adjacent sites in the Tar chemotactic signal transducer of Escherichia coli.
		aspartate taxis is disrupted most by substitution at position
		Bjorkman, A. M., Dunten, P., Sandgren, M. J., Dwarakanath, V. N., Mowbray, S. Mutations That Affect Ligand Binding to the Escherichia coli Aspartate Receptor.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/174/5/1528 (538 words)

	Drugs and Treatments - Magnesium Aspartate HCl Oral - Patient Handout from WebMD
		What conditions does Magnesium Aspartate HCl Oral treat?
		Stomach upset, bloating, gas or diarrhea may occur, especially with higher doses.
		If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately.
	rxlist.com /drugs/drug-20754-Magnesium+Aspartate+HCl+Oral.aspx?...+Oral (570 words)

	Lithium Aspartate from Solaray
		The Lithium Aspartate Sale Price: $6.61 - Vitamins or Herbs Should be taken as directed on the bottle.
		VitaNet Is an Authorized Distributor of Lithium Aspartate from Solaray Products.
		Disclaimer: Statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
	vitanetonline.com /product/4599/vitamins (163 words)

	Release of [3H]-D-Aspartate from Primary Astrocyte Cultures in Response to Raised External Potassium -- Rutledge and ...
		Glutamate and aspartate are the major excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian CNS (Fonnum, 1984
		Benveniste H, Drejer J, Schousboe A, Diemer NH (1984) Elevation of the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and aspartate in rat hippocampus during transient cerebral ischemia by intracerebral microdialysis.
		Kimelberg HK, Goderie SK, Higman S, Pang S, Waniewski RA (1990) Swelling-induced release of glutamate, aspartate, and taurine from astrocyte cultures.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/16/24/7803 (5014 words)

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