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Topic: Aspect ratio wing

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	Aspect ratio: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Aspect ratio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aspect ratio is the ratio of width to height.
		The aspect ratio of a standard 35mm film frame is around 1.35:1, although cameramen sometimes use only the part of the frame which will be visible on a television screen.
		In aircraft terms, the aspect ratio is the span of the airplane's wing divided by its standard mean chord (SMC).
	www.encyclopedian.com /as/Aspect-ratio.html (601 words)

	Aspect ratio (wing) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aspect ratio is a powerful indicator of the general performance of a wing.
		Structural: the deflection along a high aspect-ratio wing tends to be much higher than for one of low aspect ratio, thus the stresses and consequent risk of fatigue failures are higher - particularly with (Click link for more info and facts about swept-wing) swept-wing designs.
		This is particularly noticeable on soaring birds such as the (Large web-footed birds of the southern hemisphere having long narrow wings; noted for powerful gliding flight) Albatross and (Any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight) Eagles.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/as/aspect_ratio_(wing).htm (418 words)

	Aspect ratio (wing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In aerodynamics, the aspect ratio is an airplane's wing's span divided by its standard mean chord (SMC).
		Wingtip vortices greatly deteriorate the performance of a wing, and by reducing the amount of wing tip area, making it skinny or pointed for instance, you reduce the amount of energy lost to this process, and increase the lift generated by the wing.
		Structural: the deflection along a high aspect-ratio wing tends to be much higher than for one of low aspect ratio, thus the stresses and consequent risk of fatigue failures are higher - particularly with swept-wing designs.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aspect_ratio_(wing) (554 words)

	Aspect ratio (image) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The aspect ratio of an image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as "x:y").
		For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1.33:1.
		Aspect ratios of 2.39:1 (2.35:1 prior to SMPTE revision in 1970) or 1.85:1 are frequently used in cinematography, while the aspect ratio of a full 35 mm film frame with soundtrack (also known as "Academy standard") is around 1.37:1.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image) (967 words)

	Aspect ratio (image) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is, or 1.33:1.
		Aspect ratios of 2.35:1 or 1.85:1 are frequently used in cinematography, while the aspect ratio of a standard 35mm film frame is around 1.37:1.
		Spherical Stellarator The SS is a low aspect ratio compact stellarator concept emphasizing effective use of the plasma (bootstrap) current to reach high plasma pressure operation and improved confinement.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Aspect_ratio_(image).html (647 words)

	Encyclopedia: Aspect ratio (wing) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The swept wing of an airliner: British Midland Airbus A320-200 A swept-wing is a wing planform used on high-speed aircraft that spend a considerable portion of their flight time in the transonic.
		The wetted aspect ratio is a good indication of the aerodynamic efficiency of an aircraft.
		The aspect ratio of a two-dimensional shape is the ratio of its longest dimension to its shortest dimension.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Aspect-ratio-(wing) (1124 words)

	Aspect ratio (image) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The aspect ratio of an (An iconic mental representation) image is its displayed width divided by its height (usually expressed as "x:y").
		For instance, the aspect ratio of a traditional (A telecommunication system that transmits images of objects (stationary or moving) between distant points) television screen is 4:3, or 1.33:1.
		Aspect ratios of 2.35:1 or 1.85:1 are frequently used in (The act of making a film) cinematography, while the aspect ratio of a standard (Click link for more info and facts about 35mm film) 35mm film frame is around 1.37:1.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/as/aspect_ratio_(image).htm (781 words)

	Aerodynamics of Low Aspect-Ratio Wings
		At even lower aspect ratios the wing is subject to strong vortex flows and CL increases at a faster rate than that predicted with a linear theory.
		Wing sweep and aspect ratio at supersonic speeds have a rather precise correlation, showing the stability limits of the wing.
		In this correlation the aspect-ratio decreases as the sweep increases.
	www.aerodyn.org /Wings/larw.html (1176 words)

	Geometry Definitions
		The Aspect Ratio of a wing is defined to be the square of the span divided by the wing area and is given the symbol AR.
		For a rectangular wing, this reduces to the ratio of the span to the chord length as shown at the upper right of the figure.
		Because the glide angle of a glider depends on the ratio of the lift to the drag, a glider is usually designed with a very high aspect ratio.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/geom.html (953 words)

	Aspect Ratio
		Aspect ratio is the ratio between the span (length) of an airfoil and its chord (distance from front to back).
		In general, wings with larger aspect ratios generate lift with less drag and thus have greater flight efficiency.
		A high aspect ratio wing is efficient because it reduces the formation of the vortex and associated drag.
	www.mansfieldct.org /schools/mms/staff/hand/flightaspectratio.htm (199 words)

	Wing Geometry and Lift Distribution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Because the downwash velocity induced by the wing wake depends on the sweep, the lift distribution is affected.
		The effect of increasing wing aspect ratio is to increase the lift at a given angle of attack as we saw from the discussion of lifting line theory.
		Very high aspect ratio wings are quite sensitive, however and it is quite easy to depart from elliptic loading by picking a twist or taper ratio that is not quite right.
	www.desktopaero.com /appliedaero/wingdesign/geomnldistn.html (421 words)

	Wing Geometry Definitions
		This slide gives technical definitions of a wing's geometry, which is one of the chief factors affecting airplane lift and drag.
		The aspect ratio (AR) of a wing is defined to be the square of the span (s)divided by the wing area (A).
		Gliders have a high aspect ratio because the drag of the aircraft depends on this parameter.
	wright.nasa.gov /airplane/geom.html (1063 words)

	THE INFLUENCE OF PLANFORM AND AIRFOIL ON THE DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE SAILPLANE WINGS WITH VERY HIGH ASPECT RATIO ...
		As seen in Diagram 1, the induced drag, which increases directly with the aspect ratio, is, except for the profile and parasite drag, the most important drag of a sailplane, especially at high lift coefficients.
		The latter planform, however, is rarely used due to the necessary washout in the wing, and because the low thickness of the airfoil section associated with the reduced chord at the wing root produces constructional difficulties, and lower stiffness of the wing.
		The rectangular wing in comparison, however, requires a lower CL at the outer wing than at the root, because there is more wing area at the outer part of the wing than necessary when compared with the optimum elliptical planform.
	www.betsybyars.com /guy/soaring_symposia/71-wvu.html (1779 words)

	:: NASA Quest > Aerospace :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Therefore, since the air flowing over the top of a wing has less pressure (because it is flowing faster), the air pressure on top is less than on the bottom of the wing.
		Rank the wing with the least drag number 1, and rank the wing with the greatest amount of drag, number 3.
		Rank the wing with the least drag number 1, and rank the wing with the greatest amount of drag number 2.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /aero/wright/teachers/wfomanual/math/aspect.html (572 words)

	Aerofoils and wings
		That region between the wing surface and the freely moving airstream is the boundary layer and the effect on the aircraft of the viscosity within the boundary layer is to attempt to pull the aircraft back with it; i.e.
		Aspect ratio is the wing span divided by the mean wing chord.
		AR is the wing aspect ratio and k is a constant of proportionality.
	www.auf.asn.au /groundschool/umodule4.html (7785 words)

	Vought XF5U - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The configuration was designed to create a low aspect ratio aircraft with a low takeoff and landing speed and high top speed.
		Normally, a wing with such a low aspect ratio will suffer from very poor performance due to the degree of induced drag created at the wingtips, as the higher pressure air below spills around the wingtip to the lower-pressure region above.
		The usual approach to reducing these vortices is to build a wing with a high aspect ratio - i.e.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vought_XF5U (491 words)

	Pilot's Web The Aviators' Journal - More About Lift and Drag
		Aspect Ratio: Aspect Ratio is defined as the quotient of the wing span squared and the area of the wing.
		Increasing the Aspect Ratio, i.e., maximizing the wing span while minimizing the wing's chord, reduces the down wash and the effect of the air spillage around the wing tips.
		The aerodynamic efficiency is defined as the ratio between the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient.
	www.pilotsweb.com /principle/liftdrag.htm (1511 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Finite and Infinite Wing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A 2D wing is the same as an infinite wing while a 3D wing is a finite wing.
		In this case, the wing is mounted vertically so that the floor and ceiling prevent the air from being able to flow around the tips.
		These wings have a high aspect ratio that reduces the effect of trailing vortices and maintains a high lift curve slope.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/aerodynamics/q0167.shtml (690 words)

	Flight in Birds
		Long wings are better for gliding but harder to flap quickly and are therefore not much good at quick acceleration.
		Wing loading is the relationship between total body mass and total wing area, it is expressed as grams of body mass over centimetres squared of wing area.
		Wing loading is the ratio of wing area to weight.
	www.earthlife.net /birds/flight.html (1755 words)

	NASA Quest > Aerospace Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The air that flows underneath the wing is flowing more slowly and tends to flow outward.
		length of the wing / width of the wing = aspect ratio
		Rank the wing with the least drag, number 1 and the greatest amount of drag, number 3.
	www.quest.arc.nasa.gov /aero/events/regimes/aspectkey.html (593 words)

	IHS ESDU: Data Item 92043
		ESDU 92043 presents a method based on evaluating the various contributions to the pitching moment, namely, those due to the body alone and the wing alone, together with interference components due to effect of the wing on the body, the body on the wing and the body vortices on the wing.
		The wing centre of pressure and normal force are evaluated following ESDU 90013 and the centre of pressure of the carry-over load from the wing to the body is taken to be its aerodynamic centre determined from ESDU 92024.
		The method applies to delta, cropped delta or rectangular thin, sharp-edged wings without camber or twist mid-set on an axisymmetric forebody-cylinder combination for Mach numbers of 1.2 to 5, taper ratios of 0 to 1, and aspect ratios of 0.2 to 4 at angles of attack up to 60 degrees.
	www.esdu.com /graphics/dataitem/92043.htm (285 words)

	Hummel Delta Wing - Frink & Pirzadeh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To 1) apply an emerging unstructured, viscous grid generation code to construct a tetrahedral, viscous grid around a delta wing, 2) obtain a laminar solution from an unstructured viscous-flow solver, and 3) validate the result against experimental data and a structured-grid computation.
		An unstructured viscous grid of 730,454 tetrahedral cells was generated for a delta wing of aspect-ratio 1 by a version of the unstructured-grid generation code, VGRID, which was recently extended with the new Advancing-Layers method (ALM).
		Normal spacing is distributed near the surface to yield approximately 10 nodes (30 tetrahedra) in the mid-chord boundary layer for laminar flow.
	aaac.larc.nasa.gov /tsab/tetruss/images/hummel.html (420 words)

	The Aerodynamic forces of Flight Module - Wing Design Experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The purpose of this experiment is to explore different wing designs using applied math, and to give you an opportunity to collect and analyze data by testing the planes.
		wing aspect ratio, and how far the plane flew on several different tests.
		The aspect ratio is a measure of how square the wing is. It is calculated by dividing the wing length from tip to tip by the wing width.
	www.mste.uiuc.edu /TCD/Aerodynamic_Forces/wing_design.html (165 words)

	Aspect ratio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the square of the span divided by the wing area.
		For a rectangular wing, this reduces to the ratio of the wingspan to the chord length.
		A higher aspect ratio gives a lower drag and a better glide angle.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/Aspect_Ratio/DI137.htm (118 words)

	Dr Derek Bray, DAPS - E348 Aircraft Design Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Taken to its limit the wing will become infinite in span (2-D) which cannot, of course, have any trailing vortices present and hence the induced drag term is zero.
		It is therefore especially important for low-speed aircraft to have high aspect ratio wings, since slow aircraft are more affected by vortex drag effects.
		A high aspect ratio leads to the use of a relatively small mean chord and for a given aerofoil section this produces a thin section and spar depth.
	www.rmcs.cranfield.ac.uk /aeroxtra/e348draghigha.htm (269 words)

	Low AR-planes
		for a Clark Y airfoil of aspect ratio 1.27 (circular) at a 45° angle of attack.
		Each wing model was composed of a straight and rectangular center section, to which two kinds of wingtips could be attached: with "square" or with semicircular planforms.
		Given that the dirigible aspects of the dirigiplane are probably contained within a solid skin rather then a freely expanding gas bladder in order to minimize drag, it would probably be more suitable to call it a 'zepplin-plane' as the 'zepplin' approach to airships utilizes a solid framework with a stressed skin covering.
	www.nurflugel.com /Nurflugel/n_o_d/weird_04.htm (4404 words)

	IHS ESDU: Data Item 91042
		ESDU 91042 presents a method that applies to delta, cropped delta, or rectangular wings mounted on an axisymmetric body at mid-height.
		It applies to Mach numbers between 1.2 and 5 to configurations with thin, sharp-edged wings with aspect ratio between 0.2 and 4 at angles of attack up to 60 degrees.
		The method takes the isolated wing normal force (from ESDU 90013), factored to account for body interference on the wing and wing interference on the body (using ESDU 91007) and to account for interference from the body vortices, and adds the body contribution (from ESDU 89014 or 90034).
	www.esdu.com /graphics/dataitem/91042a.htm (237 words)

	WING DESIGN AND ASPECT RATIO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Have the students make several planes of different sizes and have them make a table recording the wing size (length and width), the wing area, the wing aspect ratio, and how far the plane flew on several different tests.
		Explanation The aspet ratio is a measure of how square the wing is. It is calculated by dividing the wing length from tip to tip by the wing width.
		Generally, higher aspect ratios are more efficient during low speed flying.
	www.ceeo.tufts.edu /ldaps/htdocs/curriculum/Curriculum/wing-design.html (181 words)

	An asympototic theory of high-aspect-ratio non-planar curved wings in steady incompressible flow -- Iosilevskii 51 (2): ...
		wing in a steady incompressible flow is developed for the general
		case where the wing is curved into a swept non-planar arc.
		the aspect ratio as a small parameter, this equation is solved
	qjmam.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/51/2/241 (171 words)

	Learn more about Aspect ratio (image) in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Learn more about Aspect ratio (image) in the online encyclopedia.
		The aspect ratio of an image is its width divided by its height (usually expressed as "x:y").
		See also: motion picture terminology, widescreen, pan and scan, television (Aspect ratio incompatibility section), aspect ratio (wing).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/as/aspect_ratio__image_.html (414 words)

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