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	Property Management Guide: Section 39 - Asphalt Concrete/Hot Mix
		Asphalt binder to be mixed with aggregate shall be a steam-refined paving asphalt conforming to the provisions in Section 92, "Asphalts," and shall be of the grade designated in the special provisions or as determined by the Engineer.
		Asphalt to be used as a binder for asphalt concrete shall be stored in tanks accurately calibrated in uniform intervals of 375- to 400-L intervals and maintained to this accuracy.
		When asphalt concrete or asphalt concrete base is produced by pugmill mixing, the mixer shall be equipped with paddles of a type and arrangement to provide sufficient mixing action and movement to the mixture to produce properly mixed asphalt concrete or asphalt concrete base.
	www.slurry.com /pmg_specs-hotmix.shtml (9253 words)

	Asphalt concrete - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Asphalt concrete, normally known simply as asphalt, is a composite material commonly used for construction of pavement, highways and parking lots.
		Mastic asphalt concrete is generally laid to a thickness of around 20-30 mm for footpath and road applications and around 10 mm for flooring or roof applications.
		Asphalt concrete that is removed from a pavement is usually stockpiled for later use as a base course material.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asphalt_concrete (894 words)

	Asphalt, Recycled
		Asphalt paving contractors typically use up to 20 percent recycled material in mixes, although mechanisms are not yet in place to measure and report the level of recycled material used.
		Asphalt concrete planings or old asphalt concrete utilized in the production of asphalt concrete shall be sized prior to entering the mixer so that a uniform and thoroughly mixed asphalt concrete is produced in the mixer.
		Crush and stockpile concrete rubble and dispose of all rebar.
	www.metrokc.gov /procure/green/asphalt.htm (2213 words)

	Asphalt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Asphalt is sometimes confused with tar, which is an artificial material produced by the destructive distillation of organic matter.
		Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt which differs from dense graded asphalt (Asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher bitumen (Binder) content, usually around 7-10% of the whole aggregate mix,as opposed to roller asphalt, which has only around 5% added bitumen.
		Asphalt rotary dryers are normally constructed of carbon steel and have a soil discharge temperature of 300 to 600 degrees F. Typically, asphalt plant aggregate dryers are identical to countercurrent rotary desorbers described above and are effective on the same types of contaminants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asphalt (3694 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Asphalt Cement: A homogeneous bituminous material produced from crude asphaltic petroleum or a mixture of refined liquid asphalt and refined solid asphalt, free from water and residues from distillation of coal, coal tar, or paraffin oil, providing a flexibility to mixtures of mineral aggregates.
		Asphalt concrete shall be proportioned in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D1559 for dense graded asphalt concretes and this specification.
		Asphalt concrete shall be evenly spread upon the subgrade or base to such a depth that after rolling, the pavement will be of the specified cross section and grade of the course being constructed.
	www.sandia.gov /engstds/ConstSpecs/Div_02/02510_Asphalt_Concrete_Pavement.doc (4207 words)

	Specifications: Rubberized Asphalt Concrete (Type D) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Asphalt modifier shall be added to the paving asphalt at an amount of 2.5 percent to 6.0 percent by mass of the paving asphalt based on the recommendation of the asphalt-rubber binder supplier.
		Asphalt modifier and paving asphalt shall be measured for proportioning with meters conforming to the provisions in Section 9-1.01, "Measurement of Quantities," of the Standard Specifications.
		The paving asphalt and asphalt modifier shall be combined into a blended mixture that is chemically compatible with the crumb rubber modifier to be used.
	www.asphaltrubber.com /specs_densegraded-ar-ca.htm (3790 words)

	MAPA Asphalt Glossary
		ASPHALT - A dark brown to fl cementitious material that can be solid, semi-solid, or liquid in consistency, in which the predominant constituents are bitumens that occur in nature as such or are obtained as residue in refining petroleum.
		ASPHALT CONCRETE - High quality, thoroughly controlled hot mixture of asphalt cement and well-graded, high quality aggregate, thoroughly compacted into a uniform dense mass typified by the Missouri Department of Transportaion Type B and C and Superpave mixes.
		When the asphalt pavement is on an old Portland Cement Concrete base or other rigid-type base, the pavement structure is referred to as a combination or composite-type pavement structure.
	www.moasphalt.org /facts/asphalt/glossary.htm (2729 words)

	Ready Mix & Asphalt
		Asphalt material is composed of asphalt oil, sand and gravel that is heated and applied to the road surface.
		Asphalt pavements can last a lifetime because it is possible to maintain them with overlays, with the deeper portion of the pavement structure remaining sound.
		The term ready mixed concrete refers to a mixture of aggregates (sand and rock) with cement and water that is delivered to the customer in a freshly mixed and unhardened state.
	www.martinmarietta.com /Products/asphalt.asp (294 words)

	Concrete vs. Asphalt - 2
		Use a rubber mallet and you can still tell the difference in your hand and arm between striking concrete and asphalt, although it is considerably less than when using a ball peen hammer.
		However, on asphalt the hammer head strikes with a thud and stays there because most of the energy is absorbed by the asphalt, which momentarily depresses at the spot struck.
		In terms of risk injury, concrete is rated 2.5 on a scale of 1 to 10 (where 1 is the greatest risk of injury and 10 is the least risk of injury) and asphalt is rated 6…..that’s a significant difference.
	mysite.verizon.net /jim2wr/id184.html (1178 words)

	Baghouse Fines - User Guidelines - Asphalt Concrete
		The properties of the asphalt concrete that could be affected by baghouse dust include cement penetration and viscosity, stability, resilient modulus, and moisture sensitivity.
		The range of dust properties that enhance asphalt extension and the effects of asphalt extension on the stiffness, fatigue, and aging characteristics of the asphalt cement binder are also worthy of investigation.
		One is that the asphalt mix is difficult to compact when normal construction techniques are used, which is usually manifested by shoving of the material under a steel wheel roller.
	www.rmrc.unh.edu /Partners/UserGuide/bd2.htm (2452 words)

	Reclaimed Asphalt Concrete - User Guideline - Asphalt Concrete (Cold Recycling)
		To satisfy the engineering requirements for use in cold recycled asphalt concrete pavements, it is usually necessary to rejuvenate or augment the asphalt binder in RAP to lower the viscosity and/or increase penetration.
		Asphalt cold mix is generally not recommended for use as a wearing surface, but only in base course layers because of both structural and durability considerations.
		The optimum asphalt content can be determined by a stability and air voids analysis, with target air voids in the 8 to 10 percent range, or the specimens may be evaluated using indirect tensile strength or resilient modulus testing.
	www.tfhrc.gov /hnr20/recycle/waste/rap133.htm (3557 words)

	Stall Flooring: Solutions for Concrete and Asphalt
		Concrete and asphalt may seem like a simple way to achieve a solid, level stall-floor base that's durable, inexpensive, and easy to clean--but experts recommend against both.
		If your stall floor already has an asphalt or concrete base, you can improve it slightly by adding 3/4-inch-thick rubber mats for a little extra 'give': be sure to use at least 8 inches of bedding-more for horses who are stabled for a long period of time or who tend to tock up.
		In every case, however, a better alternative for your horse is to break up and remove the concrete or asphalt, excavate the stall to a depth of several inches, and iinstall a base of screenings for rubber mats, a synthetic grid, or a stall mattress.
	equisearch.com /horses_care/farm_ranch/barns/concreteasphaltunforgivingbase (462 words)

	Asphalt Concrete Pavement
		Asphalt concrete (AC) is a standard Type B asphalt concrete mixed, spread and compacted as noted in the Caltrans standards.
		Asphalt concrete (AC) pavement is recommended for use as a roadside management strategy in medians, gore areas, and in narrow strips adjacent to sound walls and retaining walls.
		Asphalt concrete paving may be patterned and/or colored during installation (see Stamped Asphalt Concrete).
	www.dot.ca.gov /hq/LandArch/roadside/detail-acp.htm (281 words)

	Stamped Asphalt Concrete
		Stamped asphalt concrete is an economical and aesthetic alternative to standard fl asphalt concrete, pavers, brick or patterned concrete.
		While the asphalt is warm and pliable, woven wire templates are placed on the asphalt surface and pressed into the asphalt using standard compaction equipment.
		The best use of stamped asphalt concrete is in high visibility urban, suburban and transition areas where aesthetics are important including crosswalks, gore points, median strips and road edge treatments at ramp locations.
	www.dot.ca.gov /hq/LandArch/roadside/detail-sac.htm (268 words)

	Asphalt Concrete Mix Design and Field Control (T 5040.27)
		Asphalt concrete is probably the largest single highway program investment today and there is no evidence that this will change in the near future.
		Asphalt grade and characteristics are critical to the performance of the asphalt pavement.
		Asphalt concrete mixes should be designed to meet the necessary criteria based on type of roadway, traffic volumes, intended use, i.e., overlay on rigid or flexible pavements, and the season of the year the construction would be performed.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /legsregs/directives/techadvs/t504027.htm (5120 words)

	Asphalt Repair, Concrete Repair, Joint Sealants, Percol Load Bearing Repair Polymers, DOT Approved Sealants
		PERCOL Elastic Cement AC is for asphalt reconstruction.
		Geo-Set is for repair of concrete spalls and restoration of concrete at the joints.
		for portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete pavements
	www.geocheminc.com /percol1.htm (946 words)

	Champion Concrete Cutting & Coring - Asphalt Cutting - Concrete Cutting - Serving Edmonton, Fort McMurray, Alberta and ...
		Asphalt or Concrete cutting is often required for repairs of damaged areas or underground utilities and installation of new sewers, gas lines, fiber optic lines, etc. Champion uses a variety of gas or diesel saws depending on the access of the work area and depth of cut required.
		Saw cutting asphalt is also great for trimming the edge of a day’s run of asphalt paving.
		Since there is no handwork at the joint area the concrete retains the same characteristics as the rest of the slab.
	www.champion-concrete.com /asphaltconcrete.htm (171 words)

	Concrete or asphalt: making decisions to ensure quality paved trails and greemways railtrails, recreation ...
		Tom Hale, County Administrator of Chafee County, stated that walkers and joggers near Salida prefer the smoother, softer, asphalt surface of an existing roadway to a concrete trail that was constructed for them adjacent to a roadway.
		A designer or a landscape architect must recognize that the service life of a trail— whether asphalt or concrete— is not only a function of the quality of the materials used and the quality of construction by the contractor, but also a function of the design and investment level.
		It is not uncommon for 2" asphalt trails to be constructed on compacted native soil.
	www.americantrails.org /resources/trailbuilding/BuildAsphaltCloserLook.html (863 words)

	Minnesota Asphalt Pavement Association - FAQs
		Asphalt roads are removed, recrushed, mixed with additional aggregate and asphalt cement (binder), remixed, and placed back on the road.
		When the concrete Superstition Freeway in the Phoenix area was overlaid with open-graded mixture, the reduction in noise was so dramatic that residents of other areas began demanding to have the concrete freeways through their neighborhoods get the same treatment.
		Asphalt paving projects can be planned and carried out to take advantage of low-traffic periods, like nights and weekends, minimizing the project's impact on motorists, residences and businesses.
	www.asphaltisbest.com /faq.asp (1595 words)

	Asphalt versus Concrete
		Asphalt pavements can be turned over to traffic almost immediately; no curing time is necessary.
		Asphalt pavements that have outlived their service life can be removed and recycled, renewing the skid resistance and smoothness of the surface.
		Asphalt pavements can be designed so that rainwater drains through the surface layer of the pavement, reducing tire spray and improving driver visibility, plus reducing hydroplaning by increasing tire-to-road contact.
	sabinenews.com /litesasphalt/asphalt.html (435 words)

	Asphalt Lute, Asphalt Rake, Mortar Mixer, Tamper - Asphalt Tools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Asphalt Lutes have a 36” wide extruded aluminum blade, with opposing smooth and serrated edges for dual purpose use.
		Asphalt Rakes are used for spreading and grading asphalt, tar and gravel.
		Concrete Placers, “Come-Alongs” with heat treated and tempered 20” wide straight-edged blades are ideal for spreading and preliminary leveling of concrete.
	www.nuplacorp.com /products/digging-tools/paving-asphalt-concrete-compacting-tools/default.html (725 words)

	Driveway - Asphalt vs. Concrete - Chevelle Tech
		asphalt will heave.and crack because it is frozen and loses its ability flex like it does when its hot.
		Concrete with an integrated water/anti-freeze system so you do not have to worry about shovelling it off.
		Concrete, I live in Iowa and faced your same question back in 00.
	www.chevelles.com /forums/showthread.php?t=113858 (991 words)

	Coal Fly Ash - User Guideline - Asphalt Concrete
		Asphalt mixtures containing low addition levels (approximately 5 percent by dry weight of aggregate) of fly ash as a mineral filler exhibit mix design properties that are usually comparable to asphalt mixtures containing natural fillers such as hydrated lime or stone dust.
		One of the most recognized ways to improve the anti-stripping characteristics of an asphalt paving mix is the addition of a modest amount (usually 1/2 to 2 percent by weight) of commercial hydrated lime into the mix.
		In isolated instances, asphalt paving mixes with fly ash as the mineral filler have been observed to be tender and difficult to compact during hot weather.
	www.tfhrc.gov /hnr20/recycle/waste/cfa52.htm (1877 words)

	A1 ASPHALT \| concrete and asphalt specialists
		Protect your asphalt driveway from the damaging effects of the environment.
		Interlock borders, stamped concrete edging and plant material near the driveway will be free from any over spray that may occur with the oil spray method.
		Your driveway can be preserved by applying a "protective coating" that resists attack by the elements that destroy the asphalt in the first place.
	www.a1asphalt.com (229 words)

	C and R Asphalt Concrete Work
		Typically, C and R Asphalt limits its concrete work to Dumpster Pads, Sidewalks, and Curbing.
		This capability was displayed in the 2000 season when we excavated, graded, installed 3" of DGA base, and poured an 8" thick 3 acre concrete pad for the City of Lexington.
		The pad is used for their compost and mulching process.
	www.asphaltanimals.com /concrete.htm (75 words)

	CPAM - Concrete VS. Asphalt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Recent U of M studies in Olmsted and Waseca counties show that the use of concrete pavement saved up to 19% in the long run over the cost of using and maintaining similar asphalt roads.
		Concrete roads are not subject to spring load restrictions that increase the number of truck trips or driving distances.
		Concrete conserves oil, which is used to produce asphalt pavements.
	www.concreteisbetter.com /pages/vs.html (379 words)

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