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Topic: Assistant referees

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	Referee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The referee is assisted by two assistant referees, and sometimes also by a fourth official.
		The international styles of sport wrestling use a three-official system in which a referee conducts the action in the center of the mat while a judge and a mat chairman remain seated and evaluate the action from their stationary vantage points.
		In US jurisprudence, a referee is a judicial officer whose jurisdiction is derivative of that of another court and who is authorized to adjudicate "referred" matters, such as juvenile delinquency or (prior to 1978) bankruptcy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Referee (602 words)

	Instructions for Assistant Referees (UEFA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An assistant referee must use a raised flag signal to advise the referee that he has seen a foul committed (or unsporting behaviour or violent conduct) when he is better positioned than the referee and the referee has not clearly acted on the offence.
		When a referee chooses to use the help of an assistant referee on the field of play to control the 9.15m distance from the ball at free-kick, it is recommended that the assistant referee does not physically measure the 9.15m but rather asserts his control from the position of the ball.
		It is recommended that an assistant referee holds the flag in his hand nearest to the field of play by switching hands whenever he changes his direction of movement so that the flag is visible to the referee at any time.
	pages.zdnet.com /osrabrampton/osrabramptonanddistrict/id29.html (1327 words)

	Assistant referee -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Two assistant referees (previously known as linesmen) assist the ((sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play) referee in controlling an (Click link for more info and facts about Association football (soccer)) Association football (soccer) match.
		The assistant referees also usually assist the referee with preparatory and administrative functions.
		An assistant referee indicates matters to the referee, which the referee may then act upon; they do not actually make binding decisions.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/as/assistant_referee.htm (168 words)

	Assistants Law 6
		Assistant referees are reminded that their duties are specified in Law 6, and their responsibility includes absolute support for the referee, to assist him in achieving successful match control.
		Assistant Referees should help to create a harmonious atmosphere and show a positive attitude to their position, and to respond to the attitude and atmosphere set by the Referee in the dressing room.
		Assistant Referee uses fingers outstretched downwards along the outside of the shorts or on his shirt to indicate to the Referee 1,2,3,4,or 5 minutes remaining in the half.
	www.carosi.freeserve.co.uk /corshamreferee/assistan.htm (17054 words)

	The Chesterfield and District Referees Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Referee who is still catching up with play and is on the halfway line (50 yards away) does not have a clear view of the incident, but nevertheless needs to make a decision to either allow play to continue, or to stop play for offside.
		For example, if a Referee or an Assistant Referee is unsure whether an attacker is level or not with the second last defender during an offside judgement, then the benefit of the doubt normally goes to the attacker.
		Referees are advised before the game, to choose which of the (to the attacking team or to the defending team) D.A.M.N. methods to use when being unsure on which way to give a decision.
	users.whsmithnet.co.uk /bolsover/material/material_decide.htm (2805 words)

	Additional Instructions
		Assistant referees must only indicate for an offside position if the player has to be penalised for being in that position.
		Referees are reminded that goalkeepers are not permitted to keep possession of the ball in their hands for more than six seconds.
		Referees are expected to act in a preventative mode and to exercise common-sense in dealing with the celebration of a goal.
	www.carosi.freeserve.co.uk /corshamreferee/addinst.htm (2150 words)

	Assistant Referee Training
		Flag Signal: The Assistant Referee should run to the corner flag, then turn to face towards the centre Referee, whilst pointing the Flag downwards towards the base of the corner flag post, using the hand that is nearest to the goal line.
		The Referee must determine and agree the role of the Assistant Referee on the goal line, and his own role in detecting any forward movement from the goal line of the goalkeeper.
		Referees and Assistant Referees are also reminded that the "inactive" goalkeeper should remain positioned on the goal line where it meets the penalty area boundary line.
	mysite.freeserve.com /corshamref/sub/fitness/fitarefs.htm (3023 words)

	Football (soccer)
		A game is presided over by a referee, who has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" (Law 5), and whose decisions regarding facts connected with play are final.
		The amount of time is at the sole discretion of the referee, and the referee alone signals when the match has been completed; there are no other timekeepers, although assistant referees carry a watch and may provide a second opinion if required to by the referee.
		In matches where a fourth official is appointed, towards the end of the half the referee will signal how many minutes remain to be played, and the fourth official then signals this to players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/f/fo/football__soccer_.html (3309 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Offside rule 'impossible to call'
		Assistant referees get nearly 10% of offside decisions wrong because they are not standing in the right place, scientists say.
		Jim Giles, of the Science Museum in London, has followed the work and explained: "For the assistant referee to make an accurate decision, he or she needs to be level with the last defender.
		Research in Spain in 1998 suggested that errors were made because assistant referees physically could not move their eyes fast enough to take in all the action.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/662691.stm (524 words)

	Ken Aston Referee Society -:- Assistant Referee Flag Training (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Corner Kick Flag Signal: The Assistant Referee should run to the corner flag, then turn to face towards the center Referee, whilst pointing the Flag downwards towards the base of the corner flag post, using the hand that is nearest to the goal line.
		Crabbing: This is a method whereby the Assistant Referee faces the field of play and moves his body to the left or to the right by using crab-like leg movements to shift sideways, for the purpose of keeping in line with the second last slow moving defender.
		The aim is to firstly ensure that the Assistant Referees know the proper flag signals, and then get them to demonstrate their knowledge by running 'up and down' to your instructions.
	www.kenaston.org /management/AR-FlagTraining.htm (1788 words)

	News in Science 2/3/2000 Soccer mismatch
		Dutch scientists claim that mistakes are inevitable when assistant referees are judging whether soccer players are offside or not.
		The assistant referees have to judge if this is the case, but make a wrong decision one out of five times.
		the defender is between the assistant referee and the attacker) who is in line with the defender, is projected on the assistant referee's retina to the right of the defender.
	pandora.nla.gov.au /pan/10082/20030620/www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s105728.htm (359 words)

	Welcome To Korea Now !!!-Sports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Under the current NFL system, called "Referee Replay Review," a replay assistant watches the game on a monitor and ensures that the head referee is notified of possible errors via a headset.
		Another NFL rule, introduced in 1999, allows for "coaches' challenges." Team coaches are given two chances per match to challenge the judgment of the referee and the replay assistant and insist that the referee examine the instant replay.
		He has suggested trying out additional assistant referees behind each goal, and has called for the elevation of football refereeing to professional status in order to improve standards.
	kn.koreaherald.co.kr /SITE/data/html_dir/2002/07/27/200207270040.asp (846 words)

	fIELD OF PLAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In addition to the referee, there are two assistant referees (formerly known as "linesmen") who help the ref in determining several key issues.
		It is the assistant referees' duty to indicate when players are offside, when the ball has passed out of the field of play, and which side is entitled to a goal kick, throw-in, or corner kick.
		In addition, the assistant referees can provide information and other assistance to the referee during the course of the game.
	powelles.wcpss.net /student%20pages/soccer/assistant%20REFEREES.html (98 words)

	NTJSA Rule One - Referees & Assistant Referees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Non-qualified referees are only required to fill out a Referees Match report if there were cautions or send-offs and if there were any other incidents that occurred on or off the field.
		Referees refereeing Rooball games must fill in and submit a Referee's Match report and forward this as per this Rule, Section (h) i and ii.
		This person can be a qualified referee or a non-qualified parent, spectator, and any member of the Association and or team official but MUST have reasonable knowledge of the Rules and Laws of the game.
	www.ntjsa.org.au /rules/rules%20and%20by-laws-01.htm (824 words)

	Law 6 FAQ
		Assistant Referees (ARs), or linesmen, help the referee by drawing to his attention matters that they are better placed to see.
		The referee (or AR) maybe (a) was screened or looking elsewhere and didn't see it, (b) saw something but wasn't be sure exactly what, (c) saw it perfectly, and judged it was not deliberate, or (d) saw it perfectly, and the ball and hand never made contact.
		For this reason, often the referee and both teams will mutually agree before the game, if a suitably knowledgeable and impartial person to serve can be found, to waive these limitations and promote the club linesman to a full linesman.
	www.ucs.mun.ca /~dgraham/lotg/law06.html (1350 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Two assistant referees are appointed whose duties, subject to the decision of the referee, are to indicate:
		The assistant referees also assist the referee to control the match in accordance with the Laws of the Game.
		In the event of undue interference or improper conduct, the referee will relieve an assistant referee of his duties and make a report to the appropriate authorities.
	www.huntsra.fsnet.co.uk /law%206.htm (187 words)

	Flags - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Because of their ease of signalling and identification, flags are often used in sports.
		In Association football (soccer), assistant referees carry small flags along the touch lines.
		They use the flags to indicate to the referee potential infringements of the Laws or who is entitled to possession of the ball that has gone out of the field of play, or, most famously, raise the flag overhead to indicate an offside offence.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /flags.htm (1747 words)

	NCSL Step-in Assistant Referees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		To help alleviate the chronic shortage of assistant referees, NCSL has implemented the Step-in Assistant Referee (SIAR) program.
		Thus the step-ins (when performing AR duties), will be permitted to call not only off-sides and in/out of play, but the same calls as a center referee.
		In fact, the step-in will now be qualified to step-in to the center position if the assigned center does not show up (stepping in to the center will follow all current NCSL rules requiring both teams to agree to said step-in).
	www.novadctravelref.com /NCSLStep-inAssistantReferees.html (630 words)

	Tasmanian Christian Soccer Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The assistant referee/s are appointed whose duties, subject to the decision of the referee, are to indicate:
		The assistant referee/s also assist the referee to control the match in accordance with the rules of the game.
		In the event of undue interference or improper conduct, the referee may relieve an assistant referee of his duties.
	www.tased.edu.au /tasonline/tcsa/rule06.htm (142 words)

	Referees
		In cases where there are no officially appointed Assistant Referees, or where the competition has been unable to appoint a Referee, the Clubs shall agree upon a Referee who shall not be the Manager of either Team.
		Registered Referees appointed by the Management Committee as Assistant Referees £10.00 for all age groups, subject to any limits laid down by the sanctioning Association.
		(G) A Referee not keeping his engagement, and failing to give a satisfactory explanation as to his non-appearance, may have his name removed from the list of Referees and the fact reported to the County Football Association with which he is registered.
	www.football-results.org /constitution/referees.html (648 words)

	SELF-CHECK LIST FOR ASSISTANT REFEREES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An Assistant Referee is usually his own most severe critic and this should be the case.
		After every game an Assistant Referee should analyse his match performance and endeavour to take corrective action wherever an improvement is possible.
		In order to assist an Assistant Referee in his honest and constructive self-criticism it is suggested that he asks himself the following questions in relation to his recent performance.
	www.tier.net /~bgsr/archeck.html (597 words)

	U9 and U10 Assistant Referees
		Each team must find one parent to volunteer to be trained to be an Assistant Referee for the games (if the trained parent can not attend the games, then your team will not have a linesman representing them).
		The parent acting as Assistant Referee will still be able to watch the game and will get the added advantages of being able to help out to make the experience better for the kids, getting a little exercise and getting a front row view.
		The goal of this program is to both help our referees (who are already trying to watch too many things at once), educate some of our fans about soccer rules, and maybe inspire some other adults to become referees.
	home.pacbell.net /sfviking/pages/asstrefereerequirement.htm (389 words)

	FIFA.com The Official web site of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association
		Athens, 10 August 2004 - At its meeting in Athens yesterday (9 August 2004), the FIFA Referees and Assistant Referees Committee appointed the referees and assistant referees for the first matches of the Olympic Football Tournaments Athens 2004.
		Including the fourth officials, some 32 referees and assistant referees, representing 30 countries, will be involved in the first matches of Athens 2004.
		The appointed match officials include experienced referee Kari Seitz (USA), who has the honour of taking charge of one of the first four matches of the women’s tournament, Germany v.
	www.fifa.com /en/media/index/0,1369,102500,00.html (237 words)

	LTSC - Assistant Referees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ARs may be asked to assist or perform the team “check-in” depending on the wishes of the referee.
		At the time that bidding is open the AR Assignor will send out an e-mail that includes the schedule and a reminder that bidding is now open.
		Assistant Referees can then send requests for games via an e-mail or phone call to the AR Assignor.
	www.ltsc.us /arnotes.htm (482 words)

	Sutton and District Referees Society - 4th Official Appointments Page
		Sutton and District Referees Society has been asked to provide the fourth official for the following Clubs and Leagues playing their home games at Sutton United Football Ground.
		If the appointed referee is unable to referee then he/she will be replaced by one of the officially appointed assistant referees.
		Should this situation arise then the 4th official will be required to take over the assistant referees role and 'run the line'.
	www.suttonreferees.connectfree.co.uk /ra_4th_official.htm (221 words)

	Scarborough Soccer Referees' Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This session took the form of class participation with emphasis on the mechanics and art of signals for Assistant Referees.
		a penalty when the referee's vision is blocked or when he/she is not in a position to see.
		The assistant referee also assist the referee to control the match in accordance with the Laws of the Game
	www.ssra.ca /assistant_referee.html (402 words)

	Oct. 30, 2004: Wheeler, Wright Nominated As FIFA Assistant Referees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A pair of assistant referees from Eastern New York Youth Soccer Association -- Sharon Wheeler and Brenda Wright -- have been nominated to be FIFA women's assistant referees by U.S. Soccer.
		According to Flynn's letter, the FIFA referee committee will make the final selection and the chosen assistant referees would be announced in late December.
		"The referees and assistant referees who have been selected by FIFA will represent all U.S. Soccer Federation referees worldwide at games and tournaments," Flynn wrote.
	www.enysoccer.com /newsandfeatures/news/articles/2004/oct/10_30_04_02.htm (135 words)

	Journal of Sports Sciences: Training status and match performance of top-class football assistant referees in relation ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In a recent study from our laboratory, it was shown that an assistant referee has a moderate aerobic loading during the game interspersed with episodes of very intense bouts of sideways running and sprinting ((Krustrup et al., 2002: Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 861-871).
		It was also observed that physical capacity influenced the distance covered and the number of sprints performed, whereas the amount of sideways running primarily was related to the individual style of officiating.
		Top-class assistant referees are officiating at ages from 30 to 50 years and in World Cup...
	calbears.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_hb3063/is_200406/ai_n7698329 (303 words)

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