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	Assize Court - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Courts of Assize, or Assizes, were periodic criminal courts held around England and Wales until 1972, when together with the Quarter Sessions they were abolished by the Courts Act 1971 and replaced by a single permanent Crown Court.
		The Assizes heard the most serious cases, which were committed to it by the Quarter Sessions (local county courts held four times a year), while the more minor offences were dealt with summarily by Justices of the Peace in petty sessions (also known as Magistrates' Courts).
		By the Assize of Clarendon of 1136, King Henry II established trial by jury by a grand assize of sixteen men in land disputes, and provided for itinerant justices to set up county courts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Assize (687 words)

	Assize of Clarendon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Assize of Clarendon was an act of King Henry II of England of 1166, whereby trial by jury became the norm in England, replacing unfair alternatives such as trial by combat.
		One was the assize of novel disseisin, which in Law French meant something close to the "assize of recent dispossession." Those who had been recently put out of their lands could recover the beneficial use of them by resort to this assize, which led to a then innovative method of trial.
		The Clarendon Enterprise Weekly community newspaper serving Donley County and the cities of Clarendon, Hedley, and Howardwick in the Texas Panhandle.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Assize_of_Clarendon.html (924 words)

	Assize Court (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Assizes heard the most serious cases, which were committed to it bythe Quarter Sessions (local county courts held four times a year), while the more minor offences were dealt with summarily by Justices of the Peace in petty sessions (also known as magistrates' courts).
		By the Assize of Clarendon of 1136, King Henry II established trial by jury by a grand assize ofsixteen men in land disputes, and provided for itinerant justices to set up county courts.
		Prior to Magna Carta in 1215,writs of assize had to be tried at Westminster or await trial at theseptennial circuit of justices of eyre, but the great charter provided that land disputes should be tried by annual assizes.
	www.therfcc.org /assize-court-49835.html (529 words)

	Encyclopedia: Assize of Northampton
		The Assize of Northampton, largely based on the Assize of Clarendon of 1166, is among a series of measures taken by King Henry II of England which solidified the rights of the knightly tenants and made all possession of land subject to and guaranteed by royal law.
		The assize is believed to have been passed at a council held in Northampton in January 1176.
		The assize contained severe penalties for various offences and gave the justices substantial powers at the expense of the sheriffs.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Assize-of-Northampton (377 words)

	assize - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about assize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Assize courts were introduced in England and Wales by Henry II, primarily to settle disputes over land ownership.
		After the Statute of Westminster in 1285, judges were sent 'on circuit' to hear cases all round the country; the term remained in use in the UK for the courts held by judges of the High Court in each county.
		Such lawing also shall be done by the assize commonly used, and which is, that three claws shall be cut off without the ball of the right foot.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /assize (237 words)

	The Avalon Project : Assize of Clarendon, 1166.
		And with them they shall bring, from the hundred or township where they were taken, two lawful men to bear record on the part of the county and hundred as to why they were taken; and there, before the Justice, they shall do their law.
		And in the case of those who shall be taken on the aforesaid oath of this Assize, no one shall have court or justice or chattels save the king himself in his own court, before his own Justices; and the lord king shall have all their chattels.
		And the lord king wills that this assize shall be kept in his kingdom as long as it shall please him.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/assizecl.htm (776 words)

	Assize - Definition of Assize by Webster's Online Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The name of assize was also given to a remedy for the restitution of a freehold, of which the complainant had been disseised.
		Assizes were of four kinds: Mort d'ancestor Novel Disseisin Darrien Presentment; and Utrum.
		The final judgment for the plaintiff in an assize of Novel Disseisin, is, that he recover per visum recognitorum, and it is sufficiently certain.
	www.webster-dictionary.org /definition/Assize (315 words)

	[No title]
		If he admits it in court, then the assize shall not proceed, and the case shall be verbally pleaded and determined in court by means of a due enquiry as to which of them is nearer to the original stock and therefore the more rightful heir.
		This assize is a royal benefit granted to the people by the goodness of the king acting on the advice of his magnates.
		When the assize reaches the stage where the recognition is made, then either the true legal position is well known to all the jurors, or else some know and some do not, or else none of them knows.
	vi.uh.edu /pages/bob/elhone/glanvill.html (5783 words)

	Assize of Clarendon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Here begins the Assize of Clarendon made by King Henry, namely the second, with the assent of the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and barons of all England.
		The sheriff shall then take those [accused[ before the justices; and with him he shall take two lawful men from the hundred or the vill where they were seized, to bring the record of the county and the hundred as to why they were seized; and there before the justices they shall make their law.
		And with regard to those seized in consequence of the aforesaid oath of this assize, no one shall have jurisdiction or judgment or [forfeiture of] chattels but the lord king in his court and in the presence of his justices; and the lord king shall have all their chattels.
	www.libertystory.net /LSDOCASSIZECLARENDON.htm (976 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: F. W. Maitland: The Forms of Action at Common Law, 1909
		This Assize of Novel Disseisin is no remedy for the recovery of land to which one is entitled; to speak roughly it is an action competent to a person who has been turned out of possession, and competent against the person who turned him out.
		In Normandy there were some other assizes, and these may for a short while have been used in England; but the germ of trial by jury having once been introduced in these formal assizes, it began to spread outside their limits, to take a new shape and become susceptible of free development.
		These possessory assizes are marked off from the proprietary action, first by a summary royal procedure, in which essoins are reduced to a minimum, and secondly by their short periods of limitation.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/maitland-formsofaction.html (17229 words)

	WARRANT - LoveToKnow Article on WARRANT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The procedure known as quo warranlo (q.v.) is used to determine the right to hold certain kinds of public office.
		The term " warrant " occurs very early in constitutional documents: it is found in the Assize of Clarendon and the Assize of the Forest, both in the reign of Henry II., but in neither case in its modern meaning.
		The original meaning seems to have been more akin to guarantee (q.v.), warranty or security; and to some extent the term implies something in the nature of a guarantee or representation by the person issuing the warrant that the person who acts on it can do so without incurring any legal penalty.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WA/WARRANT.htm (947 words)

	ipedia.com: Assize Court Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Courts of Assize, or Assizes, were periodic criminal courts held around England and Wales until 1972, when together with the Quarter Sessions they were abolished by the Courts Act 1971 and replace...
		In Ireland the Assizes, modelled on the England and Wales system, were replaced in the early years of the Irish Free State by the Circuit Court system inaccordance with the The Courts of Justice Act, 1924.
		Like the English and Welsh system they heard only serious cases, and were arranged by the counties of Ireland.
	www.ipedia.com /assize_court.html (658 words)

	Assize of Clarendon - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Assize of Clarendon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Assize of Clarendon - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Assize of Clarendon.
		Henry II's reforms laid the groundwork for the system of trials in common law.
		The orginal Assize of Clarendon article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Assize-of-Clarendon.html (900 words)

	surprise.ca - assize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 2000, a French court of assizes condemned her to 30 years in prison in absentia for the killing.
		The judge remarked that the offence was aggravated by the fact that Donnor attended church with the victim.
		Joseph in the San Fernando Fourth Assize Court was that the woman, along with Donnor and two friends, took a taxi to his home at around 5.30 p.m.
	www.surprise.ca /assize/reference/search (307 words)

	Assize of Clarendon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Assize of Clarendon was an act of King Henry II of England of 1166,whereby trial by jury became the norm in England, replacing unfair alternatives such as trial bycombat.
		Henry wished to establisha system of justice that would enlarge the power of the Crown at the expense ofthe clergy.
		One was the assize of noveldisseisin, which in Law French meant something close to the "assize ofrecent dispossession." Those who had been recently put out of their lands could recover the beneficial use of them by resort tothis assize, which led to a then innovative method of trial.
	www.therfcc.org /assize-of-clarendon-37089.html (779 words)

	ENGLAND, 10871272
		The assize of Clarendon, 1166, was issued mainly for the purpose of preventing crime, and in order to do this laid the foundation for the grand jury, or jury of indictment.
		One means by which their power was lessened was by Henry's military reforms, especially the assize of arms in 1181, by which 1 every free layman was required to have arms appropriate to his 1 status and means, and to be ready to serve.
		The execution of this assize was assigned to the justices and not to the sheriffs By this assize Henry sought to obtain a national army for service in England.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Munro19c.html (6271 words)

	Assize of Clarendon -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In an attempt to improve procedures in criminal law, it established the grand, or presenting, jury (consisting of 12 men in each hundred and 4 men in each township), which was to inform the King's itinerant judges of the most serious...
		The first part of the assize repeated the substance of some provisions of the Assize of...
		The Assize of Clarendon of 1166, and that of Northampton 10 years later,...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9024194?tocId=9024194 (681 words)

	Courts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Under his reign, the first written legal textbook was produced, proving the basis of what today is referred to as Common Law.
		By the Assize of Clarendon (1166), trial by jury became the norm.
		Since the Norman Conquest, jury trials had been largely replaced by trial by ordeal and "wager of battel" (which was not abolished in England until 1819).
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/courts.htm (167 words)

	Assize of Clarendon 1166
		Here begins the Assize of Clarendon made by King Henry II., with the assent of archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and barons of all England.
		And in the case of those who are arrested by the aforesaid oath of this assize no one is to have court or justice or chattels except the lord king in his court before his justices, and the lord king shall have all their chattels.
		And the lord king wills that this assize be held in his kingdom as long as it shall please him.
	www.constitution.org /eng/assizcla.htm (589 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Constitutions of Clarendon (1164) Established rights of laymen and the church in England.
		Assize of Clarendon (1166) Defined rights and duties of courts and people in criminal cases.
		Assize of Arms (1181) Defined rights and duties of people and militias.
	angl.by.ru /america/library/major.htm (236 words)

	[No title]
		(1) Under the Assize, prosecutions were initiated through an inquiry made by a body of 12 laymen, who resided in the vicinity of the crime, to determine if persons suspected of robbery, murder, or theft should be reported to the royal sheriff.
		Although the Assize was designed to augment secular authority rather than to safeguard individuals from unfounded accusations, the practice of using persons from the locale of the crime to determine whether charges should be lodged against a member of the community eventually provided a measure of insulation against royal abuse of the criminal justice system.
		In order to serve as a ``shield'' to protect individuals from the prosecutive ``sword'' of the government, the grand jury gradually gained independence from the King by adopting the practice of hearing witnesses in private and swearing to an oath to keep the proceedings secret.
	web.elastic.org /~fche/mirrors/www.textfiles.com/law/grandjur.txt (2424 words)

	Sarum seminar: October 2000
		Clarendon Palace, near Salisbury: rediscovering a lost palace of the Plantagenets
		Charles I imagined he might make some money by turning Clarendon into a red deer breeding ground; map of three portions of the estate: deer lawns, coppiced space (protected from the deer), and rough pasture for the pigs to graze
		Later: the Earls of Clarendon helped put Charles II back on the throne; they built a new mansion house in the south east of the park (in ~1715); some architectural similarities with their palace in London
	www.hpl.hp.com /personal/John_Wilkes/Sarum/talks-01-04-James.html (714 words)

	LHR 17:3 Forum
		Not even in the possessory assizes (where summoning the assize was specified in the original writ) does the jury wholly oust other methods of proof, whether by documents or "per proves." The availability of alternative modes of proof depends not on forms of action, but on factual issues arising on the pleadings.
		Shortly afterwards, the assize of Clarendon in 1166 required enquiry to be made through panels drawn from hundreds and villages as to the existence of persons accused or suspect of certain serious crimes.
		The grand assize, probably of 1179, that introduced the regular use of special panels into proceedings in the writ of right, is the minimum possible implementation of this promise.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /journals/lhrtoc/lhr17_3frm.html (15038 words)

	Assize of Clarendon -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		(1166), a series of ordinances initiated by King Henry II of England in a convocation of lords at the royal hunting lodge of Clarendon.
		In an attempt to improve procedures in criminal law, it established the grand, or presenting, jury (consisting of 12 men in each hundred and 4 men in each township), which was to inform the King's itinerant judges of the most serious crimes committed…
		"Clarendon, Assize of." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9024194 (77 words)

	CLARENDON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Search the CLARENDON Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the CLARENDON Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named CLARENDON at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/C/CLARENDON.htm (73 words)

	The Avalon Project : Constitutions of Clarendon. 1164.
		In ten years we hear of more than one hundred unpunished cases of murder among them.
		It was to put a stop to such lawlessness that Henry caused the constitutions of Clarendon to be drawn up by two of his justiciars.
		They contain nothing new, no right that did not belong by precedent to the crown.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/constcla.htm (1076 words)

	[No title]
		It was through his "Constitutions" and his "Assizes" that it came to pass that over all the world the English-speaking races are governed by English and not by Roman law.
		It was by his genius for government that the servants of the royal household became transformed into Ministers of State.
		Two months later John of Salisbury brought him the pall from Pope Alexander at Montpellier, and for the first time since the Norman Conquest, a man born on English soil was set at the head of the English Church.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/10494/10494.txt (16059 words)

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