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Topic: Assize of Northampton

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	Assize of Northampton - LoveToKnow 1911
		ASSIZE OF NORTHAMPTON, a short code of English laws issued in 1176, is drawn up in the form of instructions to six committees of three judges each, which were to visit the six circuits into which England was divided for the purpose.
		As compared with the earlier assize it prescribes greater severity of punishment for criminal offences; arson and forgery were henceforth to be crimes about which the jurors are to enquire; and those who failed at the ordeal were to lose a hand as well as a foot.
		The royal bailiffs were to answer at the exchequer for rents of assize and all the perquisites which they made in their offices, and apparently the duty of enforcing this provision was entrusted to the justices.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Assize_of_Northampton (304 words)

	Suchen im Web, Bilder, Videos, Blog, Lexikon und mehr.
		Northampton is a large market town and a local government district in central England on the River Nene, and the county town of Northamptonshire, in the English East Midlands region.
		Northampton is the most populous district in England not to be a unitary authority, a status it failed to obtain in the 1990s local government reform.
		Northampton's growth was accelerated in the 19th century, first by the Grand Union Canal, which reached the town in 1815 and later the coming of the railways.
	www.coder-world.de /cgi-bin/metaseek/lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Northampton (3831 words)

	Assize of Northampton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Assize of Northampton, largely based on the Assize of Clarendon of 1166, is among a series of measures taken by King Henry II of England which solidified the rights of the knightly tenants and made all possession of land subject to and guaranteed by royal law.
		The assize is believed to have been passed at a council held in Northampton in January 1176.
		The assize contained severe penalties for various offences and gave the justices substantial powers at the expense of the sheriffs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Assize_of_Northampton (186 words)

	Introduction \| British History Online
		In the thirteenth century assize of nuisance proper, which concerned the making or removal of ditches, pools, hedges, the diversion of watercourses and the obstruction of ways, were heard by the justices of assize.
		In one assize where a plaintiff pleaded a deed, without apparently producing it, a jury was summoned to test the truth of his allegation ( 511) and in another a jury found that a plaintiff had given a wrong measurement ( 309).
		The City officials presumably found the assize useful when the wardmote process had failed, when religious houses or difficult or powerful men were perpetrating nuisances or where there was some call for urgency in the correction of a nuisance.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=35968 (12596 words)

	assizes - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		The Assize of Clarendon (1166), which dealt with criminal trials, and the Assize of Arms (1181), which reorganized local defence and police measures, were enactments made at sessions of the king's council.
		The assizes of novel disseisin and mort d'ancestor (both relating to tenancy), and the Grand Assize (to determine titles to disputed lands) were introduced by sessions of Henry II's council (1166, 1176, and the late 1170s); these procedures remained important throughout the Middle Ages.
		Travelling justices were established in the 13th century; these justices came to be called justices of assize and their sessions were called assizes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O48-assizes.html (459 words)

	JURY - LoveToKnow Article on JURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This procedure by the assize was confiped to real actions, and while it preceded, it is not identical with the modern jury trial in civil cases, which was gradually introduced by consent of the parties and on pressure from the judges.
		Whether this is the actual origin of the grand jury or not, the assizes of Clarendon (1166) and Northampton (1176) establish the criminal jury on a definite basis.
		At the outset a special court was instituted in the nature of a judicial commission to ascertain by means of a jury facts deemed relevant to the issues in a cause and sent for such determination at the discretion of the court in which the cause was pending.
	85.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JU/JURY.htm (7940 words)

	Medieval English urban history - Glossary
		Assize was a term for a type of legal procedure; it came to be applied in a general sense to a session of a court applying such procedures, and gradually came to be used more specifically (but variously) for the jury, the judges or the enactments of the court.
		In 1181 the Assize of Arms required every adult free man to be in possession of weaponry of certain types (determined by socio-economic status).
		A type of court with a similar jurisdiction to view of frankpledge; it seems to have been the Assize of Clarendon (1166) that led to the amalgamation of presentments of crimes with administration of frankpledge.
	www.trytel.com /~tristan/towns/glossary.html (8560 words)

	[No title]
		And to increase the severity of the law, it was added at Northampton that with the foot he should lose his right hand, and that he should abjure the realm and depart from it within forty days.
		And if he should be cleared by the [ordeal of] water, let him find sureties and remain in the kingdom, unless he has been accused of murder or other disgraceful felony by the community (commune) of the county and the lawful knights of his own countryside (patria).
		Also they shall hold assize concerning wicked thieves and [other] malefactors of the land — which assize, by the counsel of the king his son and of his men, is [to be held] throughout the counties to which they shall go.
	www.constitution.org /sech/sech_032.txt (954 words)

	HiddenMysteries Information Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This Assize of Novel Disseisin is no remedy for the recovery of land to which one is entitled; to speak roughly it is an action competent to a person who has been turned out of possession, and competent against the person who turned him out.
		In Normandy there were some other assizes, and these may for a short while have been used in England; but the germ of trial by jury having once been introduced in these formal assizes, it began to spread outside their limits, to take a new shape and become susceptible of free development.
		These possessory assizes are marked off from the proprietary action, first by a summary royal procedure, in which essoins are reduced to a minimum, and secondly by their short periods of limitation.
	www.hiddenmysteries.org /law/common/action.html (18143 words)

	seisin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Assize of Northampton overall sought to settle the kingdom down, to implement the peace struck between Henry and his rebellious subjects.
		An assize concerned several points, and they were determined at the beginning of the case by the standardized writ.
		The sworn panel (assize or jury) was different from a modern jury because the panel was supposed to know the answers before they came before the justices: they were not supposed to be, like modern jurors, impartial judges of evidence put before them at trial.
	mahan.wonkwang.ac.kr /link/med/law/england/herit/seisin.html (4902 words)

	Henry II (1154-1189)
		All the freemen, as well as the knights, were to swear fidelity to Henry II and bear their arms in his service according to his, the monarch's, command.
		In his Assize of Clarendon of 1166 and augmented by his Assize of Northampton of 1176, Henry ordered that inquest juries of twelve men from each hundred and four men from each town be required to meet periodically.
		His possessory assizes were instituted in order to settle, pragmatically, the problem of whether a plaintiff (the party who initiated the case in court) had been forcibly dispossessed or disinherited within a relatively recent period of time.
	webpages.ull.es /users/pdcrodas/cultura/henry2.htm (830 words)

	Henry Plantagenet
		And to increase the severity of the law, it was added at Northampton that with the foot he should lose his right hand, and that he should abjure the realm and depart from it within forty days.
		And if he should be cleared by the [ordeal of] water, let him find sureties and remain in the kingdom, unless he has been accused of murder or other disgraceful felony by the community (commune) of the county and the lawful knights of his own countryside (patria).
		Also they shall hold assize concerning wicked thieves and [other] malefactors of the land — which assize, by the counsel of the king his son and of his men, is [to be held] throughout the counties to which they shall go.
	www.globalfolio.net /monsalvat/frsdominus/statiibook/henry2/northemassiza.htm (1000 words)

	[No title]
		The assizes were held twice each year from the 13th century to 1971 in each county, grouped into a number of circuits.
		The assize records are not indexed by personal name: instead, they are arranged by assize circuit, and then by record type To find a particular case, you must know the name of accused; the county or circuit where he/she was tried and the approximate date of the trial.
		Survival of assize records is patchy, as the clerks of assize, who kept them, tended to destroy them when their bulk became too much.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /catalogue/Leaflets/ri2231.htm (1036 words)

	[No title]
		2) Assize of Northampton [2]No one to entertain any stranger for whom he is unwilling to be responsible, unless there be a reasonable excuse for the hospitality1176 (22 Hen.
		2) Assize of Northampton [6]Oaths of fealty1176 (22 Hen.
		2) Assize of the Forest [8]Foresters shall be seized for destruction of woods1184 (30 Hen.
	www.attorneygeneral.ie /slru/2Sch2.doc (3318 words)

	The Collected Papers of Frederic William Maitland (1911) - Vol. I Essays Part 4: The Online Library of Liberty
		The assize serves the purpose of an interdict for retaining, as well as that of an interdict for recovering possession; had B but entered with an intent to assume possession this would have been disseisin enough.
		Bracton's doctrine as to the scope of the assize seems in brief this:—it protects possession, untitled possession, even "vicious possession." As to this last point, he expressly accepts the words of the Institutes which describe the scope of the interdictum unde vi as it was in Justinian's day.
		The pleadings in assizes become at least as complicated and "colourable" as the pleadings in other actions, perhaps more complicated and "colourable," because there is a fixed question for the jurors which has to be evaded.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/LFBooks/Maitland0161/CollectedPapers/Vol1/HTMLs/0242-01_Pt06_Essays4.html (16568 words)

	Supreme Court - Henry II and the English Common Law: Lawlink NSW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Assize of Clarendon of 1166 states that it was made by King Henry with the assent of the Archbishops, Abbots, Earls and Barons of all England.
		The Petty Assizes, also called the Possessory Assizes, decided only whether a freeholder had been seised of land when he died, in which case his heir was put in seisin, or whether a freeholder had been disseised, in which case he was put back in seisin.
		Henry’s reforms and the Assize of Novel Disseisin and other Possessory Assizes were seen as creating a relatively simple, relatively modern and straightforward intervention in disputes; the effect of a forcible dispossession was reversed and the parties were left to pursue their rights by older and more elaborate methods.
	www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au /sc\sc.nsf/pages/bryson1 (10230 words)

	Battle of Lewes, May 14, 1264 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Northampton fell with unexpected ease, owing to the treachery of the monks of St Andrew's Priory, who admitted the royal troops through a passage into their garden.
		Owing to the disasters at Northampton and Nottingham, the barons' army was much smaller than might have been raised by the full levy of the party, for many of their most important leaders were prisoners in the king's hands.
		The estimate of forty thousand men given by several chroniclers as Simon's force is one of the hopeless and habitual exaggerations of the mediaeval scribe.
	www.wargamesuk.com /Library/ArticlesH/Lewes.html (3312 words)

	Real Actions Essay
		Whatever the truth, it seems certain that the tenant’s position is moving closer to that of owner, but possession of the land at that particular time is not necessarily the most important issue in settling questions of title.
		This was introduced by the Assize of Northampton in 1176, and it too asked a simple question: "whether W., father of the aforesaid A, was seised in his demesne...on the day he died...and whether the same A is his nearest heir".
		However, as mort d’ancestor in particular shows, his possession at that time was not the most important factor in settling questions of title, as it was quite possible for someone to claim "ownership" without ever having been seised of the land.
	www.courts.fsnet.co.uk /realactions.htm (2001 words)

	CHARLES DONAHUE, JR. \| Biology and the Origins of the English Jury \| Law and History Review, Volume 17 Number 3, 17.3 \| ...
		The case of John Marshal and Becket, which Cheney posited was the catalyst for the assize of novel disseisin, was heard at the council of Northampton later in the same year.
		The council of Windsor, generally thought to have promulgated the grand assize, is dated in 1179, three years after Henry II had agreed at Avranches that clerics would not have to undergo trial by battle.
		Hence, in the case of the petty and grand assizes one might argue that acceptability to the church was a necessary, but need not have been a sufficient, condition for these institutions.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/17.3/donahue.html (2257 words)

	The Beginnings of the Norris Family in Europe
		The assize was then taken by default of Simon de Noers and Walter was successful in his suit.
		In 1203 an Assize was held to examine if Gilbert de Uleden the father of Robert was seized of his lord of the fee of two carucates of land and appurtenances in Huleden (Suffolk?) which land Simon de Noers (Nuiers) and Johanna his wife were holding.
		The assize came to declare if Egelina de Nuers and William son of Stainburn unjustly and without judgment disseized John son of William of his free tenement in Weston (Buckinghamshire) after the coronation of the Lord King at Canterbury.
	members.dslextreme.com /users/enorrste/noers.html (15465 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The assizes were held twice each year from the 13th century to 1971 in each county, grouped into a number of circuits.
		The assize records are not indexed by personal name: instead, they are arranged by assize circuit, and then by record type To find a particular case, you must know the name of accused; the county or circuit where he/she was tried and the approximate date of the trial.
		Survival of assize records is patchy, as the clerks of assize, who kept them, tended to destroy them when their bulk became too much.
	www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk /Leaflets/ri2231.htm (1036 words)

	Curia Regis and Assize Rolls: a handlist
		This class of record, and the series known as Tower Assize Rolls, or Tower Coram Rege Rolls, were split out : the Rolls of Pleas before the Justices or the king became the Curia Regis Rolls; the Rolls of Pleas before the Justices in Eyre became the 'Assize Rolls, Various Series’.
		Assize Roll V.S. numbers still to match to current Assize Roll numbers : 84, 87 (old style) - I have 1039 for both of these.
		Statement by the knights of the regard between Northampton and Peterborough, concerning assarts in the forests of Northamptonshire and Rutland, in the time of King John.
	www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk /guide/curiaregis.shtml (2396 words)

	ASSIZE OF NORTHAMPTON - Online Information article about ASSIZE OF NORTHAMPTON
		As compared with the earlier assize it prescribes greater severity of See also:
		ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)
		exchequer for rents of assize and all the perquisites which they made in their offices, and apparently the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /NEW_NUM/NORTHAMPTON_ASSIZE_OF.html (442 words)

	Northampton, Assize of -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		(1176), group of ordinances agreed upon by King Henry II of England and the magnates in council at Northampton.
		The ordinances were issued as instructions to six committees of three judges each, who were to visit the six circuits into which England was divided for the purpose.
		More results on "Northampton, Assize of" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9056239 (585 words)

	Henry II of England - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By the Assize of Clarendon ( 1166), trial by jury became the norm.
		Since the Norman Conquest jury trials had been largely replaced by trial by ordeal and " wager of battel " (which English law did not abolish until 1819).
		Provision of justice and landed security was further toughened in 1176 with the Assize of Northampton, a build on the earlier agreements at Clarendon.
	encyclopedia.maksiu.info /wiki/Henry_II_of_England (1742 words)

	30TH GENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		New forms of legal action were introduced, notably the so-called possessory assizes, which determined who had the right to immediate possession of land, not who had the best fundamental right.
		That could be decided by the grand assize, by means of which a jury of 12 knights would decide the case.
		In the Assize of Arms of 1181 Henry determined the arms and equipment appropriate to every free man, based on his income from land.
	home.earthlink.net /~artyone/RJTances/d7169.htm (1451 words)

	Northampton -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article
		In 1460, during the Wars of the Roses, King Henry VI was captured in Northampton by Yorkists.
		The town walls survived until the Restoration, when they were torn down under King Charles II as punishment for supporting the Parliamentarians.
		Northampton, William Parr, Marquess of, Earl Of Essex, Baron Parr
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article?eu=398932 (571 words)

	Henry II’s Reform Legislation
		It is particularly noteworthy that although the Assize of Clarendon and the later Assize of Northampton present significant and unprecedented positive legislation, both operated by merging local judicial institutions, which were Germanic and very ancient in origin, with officials of the
		Possessory assizes were actions in the county courts authorized under this charter, called courts of assize, which protected lawful possession of land, as opposed to ownership.
		The Assize of Northampton illustrates the path dependency of legal evolution; it simply could not have been constructed the way it was without the clear and immediate precedents of the Assize of Clarendon and the Inquest of the Sheriffs.
	paws.wcu.edu /mulligan/www/engcon.html (11514 words)

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