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	CRUSADES - Online Information article about CRUSADES
		Jerusalem in the race for Cairo, and thenwith the northern and southern boundaries of Jerusalem in its controlwas able to crush the kingdom as it were between the two arms of a vice.
		The assizes of the kingdom itself are twofoldthe assizes of the high court and the assizes of the court of burgesses.
		The assizes may speak of patriarch and king as conjoint seigneurs in Jerusalem; but as a matter of fact the king could secure the nomination of his own patriarch, and after Dagobert the patriarchs are, with the temporary exception of Stephen in 1128, the confidants and supporters of the kings.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CRE_DAH/CRUSADES.html (18998 words)

	Assizes of Jerusalem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The assizes, or assises in French, survive in written form only from the 13th century, at least a generation after the collapse of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
		John, count of Jaffa and Ascalon and regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in Acre, was a participant in the struggle that Philip recorded elsewhere.
		The assizes of the burgess court have not yet been published in the original Old French, but in the 15th century they were translated into Greek, and from the Greek manuscripts an English translation has recently been made by Nicholas Coureas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Assizes_of_Jerusalem (927 words)

	Godfrey of Bouillon article - Godfrey of Bouillon 1060 1100 French First Crusade Eustace count Boulogne Duke Lower - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lorraine was heavily influenced by Cluniac reformers, and Godfrey seems to have been a pious man. Although he had served under Henry IV against the Papacy, he almost literally sold all that he had and joined the crusade after the Council of Clermont in 1095.
		Godfrey was active in the siege of the city, and on July 15, 1099, he was one of the first to enter the city, which was the scene of a general massacre of Muslims and Jews.
		He was depicted as the leader of the crusades, the king of Jerusalem, and the legislator who laid down the assizes of Jerusalem, and he was included among the ideal knights known as the Nine Worthies.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Godfrey_of_Bouillon (921 words)

	Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Baldwin III ( 1130 â“ 1162) was king of Jerusalem from 1143 â“1162.
		The alliance was more favourable to Byzantium then Jerusalem, as Baldwin was forced to recognize Byzantine suzerainty over Antioch, and if Theodora were to be widowed she would be provided the city of Acre.
		Relations between Jerusalem and Byzantium improved and in 1159 Baldwin met with Manuel in Antioch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem (983 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
		Alix of Champagne, Queen of Cyprus and daughter of King Henry I, claimed the regency on the ground of being Isabella of Brienne's nearest relative; and it was conferred upon her and her second husband Ralph, Count of Soissons, the imperial garrison, besieged in Tyre, being forced to capitulate.
		The title of King of Jerusalem continued to be borne in a spirit of rivalry: by the Kings of Cyprus belonging to the House of Lusignan; and by the two Houses of Anjou which claimed to hold their rights from Mary of Antioch.
		In the north the Countship of Tripoli was under the suzerainty of the King of Jerusalem.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08361a.htm (3001 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Assizes of Jerusalem
		The "Assizes of Jerusalem" ( les assises de Jerusalem) are the code of laws enacted by the Crusaders for the government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
		Thus we have the "Assizes of Antioch", the "Assizes of Rumania", legal regulations for the Latin principality of Antioch and for the Latin Empire of Constantinople.
		It is erroneous to ascribe the "Assizes of Jerusalem" to Godfrey de Bouillon on the presumption that as he was King of Jerusalem he enacted its laws.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02001a.htm (566 words)

	Godfrey of Bouillon Article, GodfreyBouillon Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lorraine was heavily influenced by Cluniac reformers, and Godfrey seems to have been apious man. Although he had served under Henry IV against the Papacy, he almostliterally sold all that he had and joined the crusade after the Council of Clermont in 1095.
		Godfrey was active in the siege of thecity, and on July 15, 1099, he was one of the first to enter the city, which was thescene of a general massacre of Muslims and Jews.
		He was depicted as the leader of thecrusades, the king of Jerusalem, and the legislator who laid down the assizes of Jerusalem, and he was included among the idealknights known as the Nine Worthies.
	www.anoca.org /he/jerusalem/godfrey_of_bouillon.html (836 words)

	1202, Summer. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Egypt was to be the objective; the date, 1217; John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem, was replaced by the papal legate Pelagius as leader (1218).
		The patriarch of Jerusalem opposed Frederick at every turn, and Frederick had to crown himself king (1229) in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.
		The capture of Jerusalem by a rush of Muslim mercenaries (1244) led to the crusades of King Louis IX of France, but Jerusalem was not again in Christian hands until General Allenby captured it (1917).
	www.bartleby.com /67/507.html (1103 words)

	Baldwin III of Jerusalem - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem ( 1143 — 1162), was the eldest son of Fulk of Jerusalem by his wife Melisende.
		On his return to Jerusalem he was successful in repelling an attack by an army of Turcomans; and his success encouraged him to attempt the siege of Ascalon[?] in the spring of 1153.
		Baldwin III was the first of the kings of Jerusalem who was a native of the soil of Palestine.
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/ba/Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem.html (808 words)

	[No title]
		Jerusalem was in the hands of the Christians, and they had set up in it a king, the most pious and most disinterested of the crusaders.
		Finally, on the 18th of September, he laid siege to Jerusalem, wherein refuge had been sought by a multitude of Christian families driven from their homes by the ravages of the infidels throughout Palestine; and the Holy City contained at this time, it is said, nearly one hundred thousand Christians.
		The fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem meant the sepulchre of Jesus Christ fallen once more into the hands of the infidels, and, at the same time, the destruction of what had been wrought by Christian Europe in the East, the loss of the only striking and permanent gage of her victories.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/1/9/5/11952/11952.txt (13086 words)

	Baldwin III of Jerusalem - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Baldwin III ( 1130 - 1162) was king of Jerusalem from 1143 -1162.
		As Damascus was an ally of Jerusalem against Zengi, this plan was very foolish; the siege was a complete failure, and afterwards Damascus fell under the control of Zengi's successor Nur ad-Din.
		In 1149, after the failure of the crusade, Baldwin III appeared in Antioch as regent after the fall of Raymund, the husband of the princess Constance, daughter of Bohemund II of Antioch.
	www.free-definition.com /Baldwin-III-of-Jerusalem.html (677 words)

	BALDWIN III - Online Information article about BALDWIN III
		BALDWIN III., king of Jerusalem (11431162), was the eldest son of Fulk of Jerusalem by his wife Melisinda.
		On his return to Jerusalem he was successful in repelling an attack by an army of Turcomans; and his success encouraged him to attempt the siege of Ascalon in the
		as " the assizes of Jerusalem "); and that he had the royal faculty for remembering faces, and could generally be trusted to address by name anybody whom he had once met, so that he was more popular with high and low than any of his predecessors.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BAI_BAR/BALDWIN_III.html (933 words)

	HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He dwelt, it is true, on the desolations of Jerusalem; but it is in accordance with his imperial character to surmise that he was more concerned for the defence of his own empire than for the honor of religion.
		Albert of Aachen wrote his History of Jerusalem about 1120â“1125, 381 that is, while many of the Crusaders were still alive who took part in the siege of Jerusalem, 1099.
		She and the king afterward publicly separated at Jerusalem, and later were divorced by the pope.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/history/5_ch07.htm (17220 words)

	info: KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a French kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade.
		In 1229 Emperor Frederick II, who was King of Jerusalem by virtue of his marriage to the heiress, managed to recover Jerusalem by a treaty with the Ayyubid Sultan Al-Kamil (the Sixth Crusade).
		Thereafter, the Kingdom of Jerusalem ceased to exist on the mainland, but the kingship was claimed by the Kings of Cyprus, who for many decades hatched plans to regain the Holy Land.
	www.info-monaco.com /Kingdom_of_Jerusalem (2419 words)

	Jerusalem -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The main source of livelihood in Jerusalem is government and public service employment (including the academic and clerical professions).
		Account of the fall of Jerusalem to Christian knights of the First Crusade on July 15, 1099, plus the bloody massacre of the inhabitants that followed.
		In Jerusalem, problems began as soon as the United Nations passed its resolution on the Partition of Palestine.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=61895 (568 words)

	Baldwin III of Jerusalem Biography
		Baldwin III (1130-1162) was king of Jerusalem from 1143-1162.
		His reign marks the beginning of the decline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, although it was still prosperous at the time.
		In 1162 Baldwin died and was succeeded by his brother Amalric I. Baldwin III was the first of the kings of Jerusalem who was born in Palestine.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem.html (667 words)

	Baldwin III of Jerusalem - Definition up Erdmond.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As Damascus was an ally of Jerusalem against Zengi, this plan was very foolish; the siege was a complete failure, and afterwards Damascus fell under the control of Zengi's successor Nur_ad-Din.
		In 1149, after the failure of the crusade, Baldwin III appeared in Antioch as regent after the fall of Raymund, the husband of the princess Constance, daughter of Bohemund_II_of_Antioch.
		After returning to Jerusalem he defeated the Seljuk_Turks in battle, and besieged Ascalon in the spring of 1153.
	www.erdmond.com /Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem.html (679 words)

	Cyprus History: Lusignan Period - Foundations & The Rule of Guy de Lusisgnan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The constitution of Cyprus was modelled on that of the kingdom of Jerusalem and was regulated by the same code, called the Assizes of Jerusalem, though this code had not yet been reduced to writing.
		Guy himself was never crowned king of Cyprus, and, though he had held the crown of Jerusalem, his title was lord of Cyprus.
		The Assizes of Jerusalem, although forming the common law of the kingdom of Cyprus, as far as the Franks were concerned, cannot be regarded as an authoritative code for the whole population.
	www.cypnet.com /.ncyprus/history/lusignan/1guydelusignan.htm (966 words)

	Pearl Diamond Necklace - cross of jerusalem necklace
		Duke of Lower Lorraine and first King of Jerusalem,; son of Eustache II, Count of Boulogne, and of Ida, daughter of Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine; b. probably at Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1060; d. at Jerusalem,; 18 July, 1100.
		The Rite of Jerusalem is that of Antioch.
		The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is one of Israel's largest and most important academic centers. With 22,600 students enrolled every year, it has a vast academic research both in Humanities and Science. Information about the faculties, schools, admission, courses, RandD, and the Rothberg School for Overseas Students.
	www.pearldiamondnecklace.com /crossofjerusalemnecklace (2120 words)

	WebArticles - Kingdom of Jerusalem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="float: right; width: 300px; clear: both; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; border-style: solid; border:1px solid #7f7f7f; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a French kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 by the First Crusade.
		He refused, however, to take this title, saying that no man should wear a crown where Christ had worn his crown of thorns; instead, he took the title Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri ("Defender of the Holy Sepulchre").
		For the period from 1229 to 1268, the monarch resided in Europe and usually had a larger realm to pursue or take care of.
	www.webarticles.org /Kingdom_of_Jerusalem (2044 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of History of France, by M. Guizot.
		On the 1st of May, the two religious and warlike orders which had been founded in the East for the defence of Christendom—the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem and the Templars—lost, at a brush in Galilee, five hundred of their bravest knights.
		It is true that great numbers have already perished, insomuch that the edge of our swords is blunted; but our comrades are beginning to grow weary of so long a war.
		When he found himself, either during or after a battle, confronted by enemies whom he really dreaded, such as the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem or the Templars, he had them massacred, and sometimes gave them their death-blow himself, with cool satisfaction.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/1/9/5/11952/11952-h/11952-h.htm (12736 words)

	[No title]
		The Assizes of Jerusalem are careful to state the cases of denial of right, in which a vassal may rightfully renounce his obligations in regard to his immediate lord with the natural consequence that henceforth such duties are transferred to the overlord of the one at fault (Assises de Jerusalem, "gager le fief").
		The peers of the Kings of Jerusalem, according to the Assizes, might in case of infringement of their rights lawfully refuse allegiance and offer resistance.
		The clause of the Great Charter stipulating that a committee of twenty-five barons should watch King John's actions, and in case of his breaking his solemn pledges should make war on him and call on all his subjects to do the same, proceeds from the same fundamental assumption.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/vinogradoff/feudal (9209 words)

	UNF Crusades: Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		"The Settlement of the Latins in Jerusalem." Speculum 27 (1952), 490-563.
		Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291.
		Feudal institutions as revealed in the Assizes of Romania, the law code of Frankish Greece : translation of the text of the Assizes with a commentary on feudal institutions in Greece and in medieval Europe, by Peter W. Topping, Series title: University of Pennsylvania.
	www.unf.edu /classes/crusades/crusadesbibliography.htm (7991 words)

	Halsall/Introduction to the Medieval World/ Class 15
		The Decline of Christian Power in the Holy Land, 1164, Letter from Aymeric, patriarch of Antioch, to Louis VII of France.
		Byzantine attitude to Jerusalem -Constantinople was the new Jerusalem as well as New Rome Crusades a reaction to perilous situation of Christians in the East.
		Muslim Resurgence Beginning of cult of Jerusalem among Muslims This is the period when Christianity looses its hold in Syria and Iraq.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/lect/med15.html (2451 words)

	Outremer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Count of Jaffa was his nephew and was the author of the Assizes of Jerusalem, a major legal work.
		This forced the main army to break off its siege of Ascalon and return to Acre.
		On 7 December an-Nasir drove the Christian garrison out of Jerusalem in revenge for an earlier attack on a caravan.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /outremer/47.shtml (454 words)

	Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
		Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of, feudal state created by leaders of the First Crusade (see
		The subsequent Crusades did not halt the Muslim advance, and in 1187, Jerusalem itself fell to Sultan
		Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem - Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: see Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0826210.html (528 words)

	The Talisman eBook by Sir Scott, Walter
		What remained would better have served the purpose of the Christian nobles of Palestine, the wretched remnant of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem.
		Left to ourselves, we might have bent to the storm; or, moderately supported with money and troops, we might have compelled Saladin to respect our valour, and grant us peace and protection on easy terms.
		[The Assises de Jerusalem were the digest of feudal law, composed by Godfrey of Boulogne, for the government of the Latin kingdom of Palestine, when reconquered from the Saracens.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/1377/93.html (323 words)

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