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Topic: Assortative mating

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	Which breeding scheme best reflects genetic diversity?
		Random mating is one of the assumptions behind the Hardy-Weinberg formula, which allows one to calculate the frequency of heterozygous carriers from the frequency of individuals expressing some recessive trait in a population.
		Assortative mating is the mating of individuals that are phenotypically similar.
		Because assortative mating involves selection (you are hopefully mating the best together, and not the worst), you are denying some dogs the opportunity to pass their genes on to the next generation.
	www.k9magazinefree.com /k9_perspective/iss4p32.shtml (1929 words)

	Assortative mating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Assortative mating (also called assortative pairing) takes place when sexually reproducing organisms tend to mate with individuals that are like themselves in some respect (positive assortative mating) or dissimilar (negative assortative mating).
		In evolution, therefore these two types of assortative mating have the effect of reducing and expanding the range of variation, respectively, when the assorting is cued on heritable traits.
		From a population/evolutionary genetics standpoint, genetic counseling is a strategy of negative assortative mating uniquely found in humans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Assortative_mating (315 words)

	Narcissism guides mate selection: Humans mate assortatively, as revealed by facial resemblance, following an algorithm ...
		Assortative mating increases the probability of finding a genetically similar mate, without fomenting inbreeding, achieving assortative mating without hindering the working of other mate selection strategies which aim to maximize the search for "good genes", optimizing the working of sex in evolutionary terms.
		Specifically, theoretical studies have suggested that assortative mating seems to be highly adaptive (Thiessen and Gregg 1980, Davis 1995), as it reduces excessive allelic variance induced by recombination and sex, especially among diploids with a large genome (Jaffe 1998, 1999, 2000).
		Assortative mating defined as "self seeking like" has a strong stabilizing effect on sex, is evolutionary stable, and has an evolutionary dynamics analogous to kin selection (Jaffe 2000).
	human-nature.com /ep/articles/ep02177194.html (5925 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Assortative mating and differential male mating success in an ash hybrid zone population
		In this study we focus mainly on the role of dispersal and temporal assortative mating in shaping the mating patterns in a plant hybrid zone population, and on the relative male fitness of hybrids and parental species.
		Even with incomplete assortative mating, a large part of inside-stand reproductive events occurred within the same phenological group, which is strengthened by the high level of selfing.
		As the evolution of partially cross-fertile plant communities is greatly influenced by the strength of assortative mating and demographic characteristics [57], theoretical work is also needed to better understand the interaction of short- and long-distance dispersal and assortative mating, as well as environmental fluctuations (e.g.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/6/96 (7524 words)

	Assortative Mating
		Mates are chosen with no regard for similarity or relatedness (if the population is inbred to some extent, mates may be related).
		Random mating is one of the assumptions behind the Hardy-Weinberg formula that allows one to calculate the frequency of heterozygous carriers from the frequency of individuals expressing some recessive trait in a population.
		Because assortative mating involves selection (you are hopefully mating the best together, and not the worst), you are denying some dogs the opportunity to pass their genes on to the next generation.
	www.netpets.com /dogs/reference/genetics/assort.html (1131 words)

	Seed: When Two Minds Think Alike
		From this and other observations, we've formulated the "assortative mating theory." Its central idea is that both mothers and fathers of children with autism (or its milder variant, Asperger Syndrome) share a common characteristic and have been attracted to each other because of their psychological similarity.
		Assortative mating is a term borrowed from the field of genetics that refers to a long-recognized aspect of animal behavior: the simple idea that mate selection is not random.
		Assortative mating goes one step further by noting that two animals of the same species often end up mating when they have a common or similar trait.
	www.seedmagazine.com /news/2006/11/when_two_minds_think_alike.php (681 words)

	Assortative Mating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Assortative mating occurs when individuals choose their mates based on their resemblance to each other at a certain locus or a certain phenotype.
		Positive assortative mating occurs when like genotypes or phenotypes mate more often than would be expected by chance.
		Negative assortative mating occurs when different genotypes or phenotypes mate less often than would be expected by chance.
	www.uic.edu /classes/bios/bios101/Evolution/sld031.htm (59 words)

	Observed Instances of Speciation
		Positive assortative mating was found in the treatment which had mated in the light and had been subject to strong selection against hybridization.
		Mating tests between populations that underwent flush-crash cycles and their ancestral populations showed 8 cases of positive assortative mating out of 118 crosses.
		Mating test were performed between strains within a treatment and between treatment strains and the source population.
	www.holysmoke.org /cretins/speci.htm (2845 words)

	Tim Vines • Sticklebacks
		Since assortative mating can evolve between coexisting species in response to maladaptive hybridisation, the high level of assortative mating between the benthic/limnetic species pairs might not be entirely driven by adaptation the their respective niches.
		I am therefore testing for assortative mating between solitary stickleback populations that are adapted to either the limnetic or the benthic niche.
		Because this precludes direct observation of matings, the mate choice is inferred from the location of the females eggs.
	www.zoology.ubc.ca /~vines/projects/sticklebacks (648 words)

	Synthetic Theory of Evolution: Non-random Mating
		Taken to the extreme, positive assortative mating results in only three possible mating patterns with respect to genotypes for traits that are controlled by two autosomal alleles--homozygous dominant with homozygous dominant (AA X AA), heterozygous with heterozygous (Aa X Aa), and homozygous recessive with homozygous recessive (aa X aa).
		The net effect of positive assortative mating is a progressive increase in the number of homozygous genotypes (AA and aa) and a corresponding decrease in the number of heterozygous (Aa) ones in a population, as shown in the table below.
		The closer two mates are in generational distance from their common ancestor, the greater the likelihood of positive assortative effects on the genomes of their children.
	anthro.palomar.edu /synthetic/synth_8.htm (2001 words)

	Soldier Beetle Lab
		In other cases, assortative mating may be due to either female choice of males possessing particular characteristics, or to interactions among individuals that restrict access to mates.
		Prediction: if mating is random and we measure pairs of soldier beetles found copulating, there will be no correlation between size of male and size of females.
		Prediction: if probability of mating is not related to size, then males (females) found mating will not differ in size from males (females) found by alone (not copulating).
	biology.kenyon.edu /courses/Biol262/SoldierBeetleLab.html (1275 words)

	CSDE :: Research : Grants
		Changes in the patterns of “assortative mating,” i.e., in the types of partners that individuals choose when they do form unions likely accompany the changes in marriage patterns.
		The objective of this proposal is to expand the literature on marriage and assortative mating by refining the estimates of marriage and assortative mating patterns, and developing an econometric model of the joint union status and partner choice outcomes.
		literature on marriage and assortative mating by refining the estimates of marriage and assortative mating patterns, and developing an econometric model of the joint union status and partner choice outcomes.
	csde.washington.edu /research/grants_single.php?rec_num=79 (366 words)

	Biology430.Lectures8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Inbreeding and assortative mating are deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg assumption of random mating.
		True nbreeding is the deviation from random mating within an individual population; later we will discuss effective inbreeding, which represents nonrandom mating among a set of somewhat isolated populations.
		The effects of assortative mating can often be more significant for the evolution of courtship traits and/or the generation of new species than they are for the genetic makeup of the populations per se.
	bioweb.wku.edu /courses/Biol430/430lects8.htm (691 words)

	Sexual size dimorphism and positive assortative mating in Alpine Choughs (Pyrrhocorax graculus) Auk, The - Find Articles
		A positive assortative mating was found on tarsus length, and a small positive trend is suggested between body condition of partners, but that needs to be confirmed with a larger sample size.
		Assortative mating, defined as nonrandom mating with respect to some phenotypic character, may be indicative of active mate choice.
		An index of body condition of each mate was also calculated as the residuals of a regression of weight, corrected by season, on the index of overall body size (PC1).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_200104/ai_n8937369 (877 words)

	FuturePundit: Assortative Mating By Systematizers Raising Incidence Of Autism?
		FuturePundit: Assortative Mating By Systematizers Raising Incidence Of Autism?
		Assortative Mating By Systematizers Raising Incidence Of Autism?
		Logical organized minds with a knack for pattern recognition preferentially marrying each other in a process called "assortative mating" may be the cause of a rise in the incidence of autism.
	www.futurepundit.com /archives/003248.html (2261 words)

	Mating
		For as in houses there horse mating are vestibules placed in front of staircases, and as in cities there are suburbs, through which one must pass in order to enter into the cities; so also the encyclical branches of instruction are placed in front of virtue, for they are the road which conducts to her.;
		And mating yet even this is not unknown to any one, namely, that philosophy has bestowed upon all the particular sciences their first principles and seeds, from which speculations respecting them appear to arise.
		For it is said in the horse mating scripture, "And the sons of Manasseh were Ashriel whom she bare, but his concubine, the Aramitess, bare Machir; and Machir was the father Gilead.
	leatrial.sitesled.com (1455 words)

	Greg Mankiw's Blog: Assortative Mating
		Assortative mating by income also seems to be on the rise.
		In a 2004 study of couples wed in the 1970s through the early 1990s, the researchers Megan Sweeney and Maria Cancian found an increasingly strong association between women’s wages before marriage and the occupational status and future earnings prospects of the men they married.
		As the article notes, increased assortative mating could be one reason for rising income inequality.
	gregmankiw.blogspot.com /2006/11/assortative-mating.html (925 words)

	Directed Evolution Reconsidered
		When individuals select mates with a particular heritable trait-for example, color or size-this is a form of nonrandom mating known as assortative mating.
		Similarly, inbreeding is another form of nonrandom mating in which closely related individuals within a population mate.
		Use the slider to choose different degrees of assortative mating in values ranging from 0% (random mating) to 100% (only like phenotypes mate).
	web.utk.edu /~pteropus/Pop_Gen_lab1.htm (1296 words)

	Vivre La Différence » More More Assortative Mating
		Now remember, we’re interested in assortative mating in so far as it helps to explain the rise in autism.
		The assumption is that if systemizing types (as by our EQSQ personality tests) are marrying each other with greater frequency then we might well assume that this is creating more of the super-systemizing (or extreme male type brains) that Simon Baron-Cohen thinks is actually the cause of autism.
		As another part of his work is what leads to our EQSQ personality tests it’s fairly important to the intellectual underpinnings of those personality tests that the very idea of an increase in assortative mating stands up.
	eqsq.com /vivreLaDifference/more-more-assortative-mating.html (425 words)

	Assortative mating Summary
		Social scientists who study the family have long been interested in the question "Who marries whom?" On one level, the study of mate selection is conducted from the perspective of family as a social institution.
		Assortative mating (also called assortative pairing) takes place when sexually reproducing organisms tend to mate with individuals that are like themselves in some respect (positive assortative mating) or dissimilar (negative assortative mating).
		1: mating of individuals having more traits in common than likely in random mating [ant: disassortative mating]
	www.bookrags.com /Assortative_mating (124 words)

	IngentaConnect Direct and indirect assortative mating: a multivariate approach t... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This paper develops methods to partition the phenotypic correlation between mates for a focal trait – the standard measure for assortative mating – into a direct component and additional indirect components.
		Indirect assortative mating occurs when a nonassorting trait is correlated within individuals to a directly assorting trait.
		Examination of standard quantitative genetic theory shows that indirect assortative mating inflates genetic variance in a focal trait and the genetic covariance between focal and phenotypically correlated traits.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/jeb/2005/00000018/00000003/art00005 (244 words)

	Edge: THE ASSORTATIVE MATING THEORY: A Talk with Simon Baron-Cohen
		This new theory is called "the assortative mating theory", The clue that both sides of the family are contributing similar genes is that in our study of occupations, grandfathers on the maternal and the paternal sides were both more likely to be working in the field of engineering.
		A big-picture, evolutionary analysis of the Assortative Mating theory reveals somewhat of a paradox between conventional notions of masculinity, and the newer notions of "cognitive masculinity." Testosterone can be thought of as promoting behaviors that are traditionally masculine, preparing males physically and psychologically to bias energetic investment toward mating effort.
		Whilst this idea remains speculative, it is testable, and I am glad she pointed out that mating patterns in one generation can change rates of different characteristics in offspring in the next generation(s) with remarkable speed, and that mating patterns effectively create different environments that can affect child development.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/baron-cohen05/baron-cohen05_index.html (10652 words)

	We will now address the last assumption of H W Equilibrium
		Non-random mating with respect to genotype occurs in population where the mating individuals are more closely or less closely related than those drawn by chance from the population
		Mates tend to be more different in their phenotypes than expected by chance
		In fact, in this type of assortative mating, heterozygosity in the population (i.e.
	ib.berkeley.edu /courses/ib162/613NovIn.htm (1915 words)

	daily discovery: Assortative mating
		Mating can be assortative with respect to a certain genotype (e.g.
		individuals with genotype AA tend to mate with other individuals of genotype AA) or phenotype (e.g.
		When positive, assortative mating may increase homozygosity, but when negative it increases heterozygosity.
	users.tpg.com.au /sbian/2005/04/assortative-mating.html (107 words)

	EvoTutor: H-W Equilibrium
		In this simulation, positive assortative mating, decreases the frequency of heterozygotes while increasing the frequency of the homozygotes.
		When the population frequencies lie below this line positive assortative mating may be at play.
		Negative assortative mating is possible when the population frequencies lie above this line.
	www.evotutor.org /EvoGen/EG1A.html (377 words)

	Changes in educational assortative mating in contemporary Spain
		This article analyses patterns and trends in educational assortative mating of the Spanish women born between 1920 and 1969 using data from the 2001 Spanish Census.
		By means of loglinear models we examine the following issues: i) intensity and changes in educational assortative mating patterns; ii) crossing barriers across educational thresholds and iii) degree of symmetry between male and female patterns.
		Results show that education matters in the composition of unions: people tend to marry assortatively according to their education.
	www.demographic-research.org /Volumes/Vol14/17/default.htm (174 words)

	Assortative Mating
		There are others, and I have long been a proponent of assortative mating.
		Mates are chosen with no regard for similarity or relatedness (if the population is inbred to some extent, mates may be related).
		Random mating is one of the assumptions behind the Hardy-Weinberg formula that allows one to calculate the frequency of heterozygous carriers from the frequency of individuals expressing some recessive trait in a population.
	www.netpets.org /horses/reference/genetics/assort.html (1128 words)

	Sympatric speciation as a consequence of male pregnancy in seahorses -- Jones et al. 100 (11): 6598 -- Proceedings of ...
		mating to the evolutionary legacy of this group.
		was shifted to assortative mating according to the estimated
		mating may be a common feature of seahorse mating systems.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/11/6598 (3537 words)

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