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Topic: Family of asteroids

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	Asteroids
		The vast majority of asteroids are grouped in the asteroid belt, which is more like a loose grouping than a belt, and lies between 1.8 and 4.5 A.U. is the average distance between Earth and the sun) from the sun - between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
		Asteroids bare a tale of the violence of the solar system; the larger ones have many sizeable craters pockmarking their surface.
		This is the name given to "families" of asteroids, which are asteroids that tend to share the same orbital characteristics, and they probably had a common parent body that was destroyed during a collision.
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/advanced/asteroid.html (2670 words)

	Nov 22: Asteroids/Comets
		Asteroids are rocky and metallic objects that orbit the Sun but are too small to be considered planets made from material left over from the formation of the solar system that never coalesced into a planet, probably due to the gravitational effects of Jupiter.
		The Amor family are asteroids with Mars-crossing orbits.
		Ida is a heavily cratered, irregularly shaped asteroid in the main asteroid belt.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /disted/ph121/js23.html (3067 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Science & Technology: New Spin on Asteroids
		Slivan's asteroids, the first in the 15- to 25-mile-diameter range to have their spins extensively studied, are in the so-called Koronis asteroid family, a cluster of asteroid fragments produced by a highly energetic collision billions of years ago.
		The remaining six asteroids studied by Slivan either have extremely slow spin rates, such that they rotate slower than the hour hand of a clock, or very fast spin rates, such that they are near the limit beyond which loose material on the surface of an asteroid would fly off.
		More remarkably, they found that some simulated asteroids were captured into a special spin state that forced the wobble of the asteroid's spin axis (produced by gravitational perturbations from the sun) to "beat" at the same frequency as the wobble of the asteroid's orbit (produced by gravitational perturbations from the planets).
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=21 (781 words)

	Asteroids - Crystalinks
		Asteroids are commonly classified into groups based on the characteristics of their orbits and on the details of the spectrum of sunlight they reflect.
		The first true asteroid to be photographed in close-up was 951 Gaspra in 1991, followed in 1993 by 243 Ida and its moon Dactyl, all of which were imaged by the Galileo probe en route to Jupiter.
		Asteroid naming is not always a free-for-all: there are some types of asteroid for which rules have developed about the sources of names.
	www.crystalinks.com /asteroids.html (2144 words)

	Geotimes - June 2002 - Asteroid Collisions
		Asteroids and their moons are believed to have formed from large scale collision events.
		Asteroid fragments can be associated with a common parent (grouped as families, or as smaller units within families called clusters) by their similar orbital and spectral elements.
		It is widely believed that most known asteroid families are very old and consequently that individual fragments have suffered orbital and spectral changes that obscure the original collision signatures.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/june02/WebExtra0613.html (690 words)

	Asteroids
		Asteroids, sometimes called "minor planets," are composed of rock, metal, or both.
		The main asteroid belt is defined as reaching from 2.2 to 3.3 AU (1 AU is the average distance of the Earth from the Sun).
		Since some asteroids were melted, others merely heated, and others left cold, this implies that the distribution of radioactive elements was not uniform in the primeval solar system nebula.
	www.pibburns.com /catastro/asteroid.htm (1656 words)

	The calamity of family break-up
		Asteroids in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter jostle for position, and occasionally collide with one another.
		Such family break-ups may lead to an increase in the number of asteroids that end up in the inner Solar System – and to times when the Earth is subject to potentially catastrophic asteroid showers lasting millions of years.
		Family break-up could account for a perplexing mystery: the so-called 'lunar cataclysm' around 4 billion years ago, when large areas of the lunar surface were pounded by large impactors over a short period.
	www.mindswap.org /2002/nature/980820-7.xml (856 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Asteroids
		The fifth asteroid, Astraea, was discovered in 1845 and interest in the asteroids as a new 'class' of celestial object began to build.
		Nearly all asteroids are irregular in shape and heavily pockmarked by impact craters.
		At the outer edges of the asteroid belt, that is between three and three and a half times further from the Sun than the Earth, over eighty percent of the asteroids are known as C-type.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=29802 (1083 words)

	Wellesley Telescope Contributes to Big News on Asteroids
		Asteroids are small, rocky bodies in the solar system that orbit the sun and are thought to be bits of material that never formed into a planet.
		When a large asteroid is shattered and dispersed by a collision, the resulting fragments can form an 'asteroid family' whose members all have nearly identical orbits.
		Theoretical models of family formation and laboratory-scale collision experiments both predict that the tremendous amount of energy released in a large asteroid collision yields fragments that randomly spin off into space, but my observations show that, at least for the Koronis family, the spin axes are markedly clustered into only two preferred directions.
	www.wellesley.edu /PublicAffairs/Releases/2002/112602.html (1080 words)

	FAAC - Ford Amateur Astronomy Club
		Asteroids, or "minor planets," are small bodies (by planetary standards) thought to be debris left over from a planet that failed to form due to orbital perturbation resonances.
		Several thousand asteroids have been identified in orbit around the sun, generally between Mars and Jupiter, forming the so-called "asteroid belt." Many of the orbits are quite eccentric, and there is even a family of asteroids known as the "Earth-Crossers" whose orbits intersect that of Earth.
		Their rapid motion usually betrays them, however, and an asteroid can often be identified among a field of stars by simply making an accurate sketch of the field, and then checking back in a few hours to see which "star" moved.
	www.boonhill.net /faac/other/basic/basic2.html (472 words)

	Holistic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The royal family's asteroids for Elisabeth, Charles, Harry and William were all together at the time of Diana's death, as indeed the family was at Balmoral Castle, ready to respond collectively to the tragic news.
		Asteroids Diana and Paul were within one degree of each other, applying to the asteroid Atropos known for her shears cutting the cords of life (like the sharp edges of a crashed car) all in Taurus, just one corner of a grand square in unwavering fixed signs.
		The asteroid Juno named for the "queen of all the gods," daughter of Saturn and Rhea and astrologically interpreted as a measure of devoted loyalty and partnership dynamics was conjunct the Moon and in opposition to Charles' lover Camilla.
	www.asteroids.com /holistic.htm (4492 words)

	ClassicGaming.com - GOTW: Asteroids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Asteroids took this concept further by allowing players to enter their initials for setting one of the top ten High Scores.
		Asteroids also featured more complicated controls than most games of the time, with five buttons in total (two to rotate your spacecraft, and three for firing, thrust, and Hyperspace).
		According to the KLOV, Asteroids was so successful that arcade operators had to install larger coin boxes to hold all the quarters that players plunked into the machines.
	www.classicgaming.com /rotw/asteroids (1019 words)

	SPACE.com -- Asteroid Siblings Oddly Grouped by Orientation
		Within a family of more than 200 asteroids cleaved from a larger space rock in some long-ago catastrophe, siblings are mysteriously grouped into two categories defined by sharply different rotation orientations, a new study shows.
		The family was originally created in a collision between two large asteroids, experts generally agree.
		More significant and perplexing was that all ten asteroids were fairly neatly divided into two groups based on the orientation of their spin axes.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/asteroid_siblings_020904.html (792 words)

	Eunomia family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Eunomia family of asteroids is a large grouping of S-type asteroids.
		By far the largest member is 15 Eunomia, the largest of all the "stony" S-type asteroids, It is about 300 km across along its longest axis, has a 250 km mean radius, and lies close to the barycenter of the family.
		Spectroscopic studies have shown that the family members span a noticeable range of compositions, although all remain within the S spectral class.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eunomia_family (763 words)

	Planetary science: Asteroid family values (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Koronis family of asteroids is a group of some 200 bodies of the thousands that make up the main asteroid belt, orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter.
		They are all remnants of a single, large body that was broken into a group of smaller asteroids by a collision.
		A study of the variations in brightness of individual Koronis asteroids reveals that, surprisingly, they fall into two distinct groups according to their rotation rates and obliquities.
	www.nature.com /nature/links/020905/020905-4.html (92 words)

	An Asteroid Family Among the NEAs
		The existence of a family within the NEAs may be explained by a collision with another asteroid when an original parent NEA passed though the main asteroid belt.
		Interestingly, this Q is near the average a for the Themis family (2.14 AU) of main belt asteroids.
		The obvious speculation that a single collision formed both the Themis family and ejected the 1981QA family into its present orbit is flawed by the observation that although 1981QA has a somewhat uncertain spectral type (QRS; [6]), it is, however, distinctly different from the C types that dominate the Themis family (C.R. Chapman, pers.
	blizzard.rwic.und.edu /~nordlie/papers/nea_family.html (1037 words)

	SPACE.com -- When Space Rocks Collide: Violent Creation of Asteroid Families
		Asteroids known to orbit the Sun in family groups are likely the result of tremendous collisions between two rocks, both larger than Rhode Island, according to a new computer simulation.
		Donald Yeomans, an asteroid expert at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said the MIT estimate is the result of new data and methods and is roughly in line with other recent estimates, though slightly higher than some.
		The study of how asteroids might collide and create family groups was led by Patrick Michel and a colleague at Tanga at Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur in Nice, France.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solarsystem/asteroid_birth_011123.html (1037 words)

	Moon Miners' Manifesto: Q & A Colonist's I.Q. Quiz
		The asteroids are all that remains of a lost planet that once circled the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and which disintegrated in some unknown catastrophe.
		The original family of asteroids has probably all been broken up and reassembled by mutual impacts in the 4+ billion years since formation.
		The spectral analysis of light from various asteroids seems to coordinate very closely with meteorite classes, signifying that the Belt is their source.
	www.asi.org /adb/06/09/03/02/024/q_a.html (864 words)

	[No title]
		Amor Objects in the Amor family of asteroids cross the orbit of Mars and approach that of Earth.
		Since some asteroids have very highly eccentric orbits, this may be much more than the average distance from the Sun.
		Asteroids are small chunks of rock orbiting the Sun; none is big enough to be considered a real planet, though they are also called "minor planets".
	www.projectpluto.com /gloss/help_3.htm (3302 words)

	Asteroid Ida
		Conventionally, the asteroids are thought to be condensations that should have accreted into a planet when the rest of the planets were formed but failed to do so because the pull of their giant next-door-neighbor, Jupiter, interfered.
		For an asteroid to capture another asteroid gravitationally is almost impossible unless the two bodies escaped together from a larger gravitational influence.
		The asteroids were formed in a universe that is 99% plasma, but the standard theories about how they formed and evolved were developed by researchers who believe plasma has little to do with astronomy.
	www.thunderbolts.info /tpod/2004/arch/040806asteroid-ida.htm (464 words)

	Earth Change News on Earth Changes TV on the Web
		Most asteroids inhabit an elliptical set of tracks, known as the main asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
		Researchers realized in the 1980s that asteroids occupying certain zones, known as resonances, within the outer part of the main belt are profoundly influenced by Jupiter's gravity.
		This could explain why the tiniest members of one family of asteroids, known as the Astrids, have the widest range of orbits, Farinella and Vokrouhlicky note.
	www.earthchangestv.com /breaking/January2001/0112Asteroids.htm (512 words)

	Asteroids Lost in Space
		Asteroids and comets may transition from orbit to orbit the same way chemical reactions proceed from reactants to products.
		Where asteroids and comets are concerned, the solar system is like a giant roller coaster in space.
		Martin Duncan of Queen's University, in Kingston, Canada, is skeptical that the theory in its current state could handle highly complicated regions full of debris, such as the asteroid belt or the Kuiper belt outside Neptune.
	focus.aps.org /story/v9/st31 (636 words)

	Asteroids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This representation of the physical properties of interesting asteroids includes most of the asteroids larger than about 200 km in diameter.
		They are portrayed in their correct relative sizes and shapes (the limb of Mars is shown for comparison); colors and albedos are also indicated.
		Asteroids located near the top or bottom of the diagram occupy relatively eccentric or inclined orbits (or both), while those shown near the ecliptic plane move in relatively circular, noninclined orbits.
	alumnus.caltech.edu /~marcsulf/asteroid/asteroid.html (445 words)

	951 Gaspra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Like 243 Ida, Gaspra is an S-type asteroid, believed to be composed of a mixture of rocky and metallic minerals.
		The first of only four asteroids that have so far been observed close-up, Gaspra was encountered Oct 29, 1991 by the Galileo spacecraft on its way to Jupiter (Galileo later visited 243 Ida and NEAR visited 253 Mathilda and 433 Eros).
		Gaspra is a member of the Flora family of asteroids.
	www.nineplanets.org /gaspra.html (163 words)

	Discovery of Ida's Moon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Instead, scientists are theorizing that the two are siblings of a "family" of asteroids formed hundreds of millions of years ago when a larger, 100-kilometer-wide asteroid was shattered in a great collision.
		Thus, a family of asteroids could have been created as a result of such an impact.
		Gaspra, the asteroid visited by Galileo in October 1991, is a member of the Flora family.
	www2.jpl.nasa.gov /galileo/mess34/Moon2.html (507 words)

	ScienceDaily: Wellesley's Small Telescope Contributes To Big News About Asteroids
		UK Pupils Scan The Skies For Hazardous Asteroids (October 11, 2004) -- Tracking newly discovered asteroids and comets to identify their orbits is the work of a small number of observatories.
		Asteroid Found By Spacewatch Is Fastest Spinning Solar System Object (July 23, 1999) -- A unique near-Earth asteroid discovered last year by the University of Arizona Spacewatch is the fastest spinning solar system object yet found, an international team of scientists report in the July...
		Astronomers Sight An Asteroid's Moon (October 7, 1999) -- Astronomers this week announced their discovery of a moon orbiting an asteroid, in the first images ever obtained of such an object from Earth.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/11/021126210150.htm (2268 words)

	release 1994 9517
		The first-ever photograph of a moon of an asteroid, sent to Earth by NASA's Galileo spacecraft, was released by the space agency today.
		The photo, of asteroid 243 Ida and its newly discovered natural satellite, was taken by Galileo as the spacecraft flew past Ida last August 28.
		Ida is a member of the Koronis family of asteroids, which scientists believe was created when a larger body perhaps 200 to 300 kilometers (120 to 180 miles) in diameter was smashed relatively recently -- at least considerably after the solar system formed some 4.5 billion years ago.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/94/release_1994_9517.html (1232 words)

	Welcome to Magdalena Ridge Observatory - 2.4m Telescope - Publications and Presentations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Asteroid Physical Characterization Studies and its Relation to the Hazard Mitigation of NEOs.
		In Asteroids III (William Bottke, Alberto Cellino, Paolo Paolicchi, and Richard P. Binzel, eds.
		Discovery of a Binary System within the Vesta Family of Asteroids, (2003) Sixth Workshop on Catastrophic Disruption in the Solar System, Cannes, France, June 9-11, 2003.
	www.mro.nmt.edu /Telescope/publications.php (467 words)

	APOD Search Results for "asteroids"
		Binary asteroids and asteroids with moons are believed to be rare, but observations of their orbits allow a direct determination of asteroid masses and densities.
		Like the asteroids and the diminutive moons of Mars, their own gravity is not strong enough to mold them into spheres.
		Asteroids are rare enough so that spacecraft traveling through even the main asteroid belt need not fear colliding with any - let alone one as large as Mathilde.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/apod/apod_search?asteroids (7029 words)

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