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Topic: Asteroid light curve

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	Lutetia asteroid in Rosetta's spotlight
		Asteroids, as well as comets, carry important information about the origin of the Solar System — a better understanding of which is one of the primary goals of Rosetta.
		The scattered light spots seen in the movie are cosmic rays events, that is high-energy cosmic radiation hitting the detectors of the OSIRIS camera.
		This can be done by the study of the so-called 'light curve' of the asteroid — by analysing how the light emitted by the observed object changes intensity for the observer, one can deduce in what direction the object rotates.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2007-01/esa-lai012607.php (511 words)

	Asteroid light curve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An asteroid light curve is a light curve of an asteroid, mapping light intensity over time.
		The light curve is caused by the fact that asteroids are generally non-uniform in shape.
		A light curve, or brightness versus time, graph of an asteroid can be used to determine the object's spin rate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asteroid_light_curve (118 words)

	OSIRIS Camera on Rosetta Obtains 'Light Curve' of Asteroid Steins
		Advanced knowledge of the asteroids' properties (like size and rotation period) is essential for the preparation of the planned asteroid observation campaigns in September 2008 and July 2010, respectively.
		Although the brightness of the Steins asteroid during the measurement period was comparable to that of a candle seen at a distance of ~2000 kilometres, OSIRIS was able to measure brightness variations of the asteroid with an accuracy of better than two percent of its total brightness.
		This article is based on the paper "Determination of the light curve of the Rosetta target asteroid (2867) Steins by the OSIRIS cameras onboard Rosetta," by M. Küppers et al published in: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol.
	www.spacenewsfeed.co.uk /2007/25March2007_17.html (679 words)

	Asteroid Inroduction
		Apollo asteroids have semimajor axes (a) that are greater than or equal to 1 AU and perihelion distances that are less than or equal to 1.017 AU; thus, they cross the Earth's orbit when near the perihelia of their orbits.
		Asteroid 4 Vesta is a notable exception to this generalization because it is known that the difference in reflectivity between its opposite hemispheres is sufficient to account for much of its light-curve amplitude.
		Ninety percent of the total mass of the asteroids is located in the main belt, 9 percent is in the outer belt and Jupiter Trojan asteroids, and the remainder is distributed among the inner belt and planet-crossing asteroid populations.
	www.geocities.com /zlipanov/asteroid_intro/asteroid_intro.html (5628 words)

	[10.0] The Exploration Of The Asteroids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Asteroids with known orbits are listed in a catalog giving their order of discovery and, when possible, the name they have been given by their discoverer.
		If we obtain the light curve of an irregularly-shaped asteroid, the light variation will be a minimum if we are observing it along a line of sight that passes through its spin axis, or in other words are observing from directly over one of its poles.
		Asteroids in the inner regions of the main belt, closest to the Sun, appear to be predominantly stony-metallic.
	www.vectorsite.net /taxpl_10.html (6744 words)

	Povenmire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The above light curve implies that the peak-to-peak brightness variation is 0.54 magnitude, or that the minimum brightness is 61% of the maximum.
		In this image the asteroid appears fainter than a star of magnitude 19.6, but this is due to the asteroid's movement which spreads out it's light when the star field is used to align the 4 images that were averaged.
		Since the asteroid is essentially devoid of blue light, and is faint in visible, the unfiltered observation is almost equivalent to using a filter that passes both the red and infrared.
	www.brucegary.net /POVENMIRE (7192 words)

	Shape of Asteroid 433 Eros
		Asteroid 433 Eros is the second largest member of the near-Earth population and also one of the most elongated.
		Starting from a point on this curve and moving in a direction of decreasing rdev and nsmo results in chisq/N < 1, indicating that the estimator is beginning to "fit the noise." Thus, we take models along the chisq/N = 1 curve to bound the region of acceptable deviations from the reference ellipsoid.
		As vertices are perturbed on one side of the asteroid to improve the spectral fit near one rotation phase, there must be associated perturbations elsewhere to maintain principal axis rotation about the origin in a manner that does not compromise the goodness of fit at other rotation phases.
	echo.jpl.nasa.gov /asteroids/433_Eros/eros.html (5035 words)

	Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An asteroid’s light curve is due to its asymmetry along some axis which has a component parallel to the axis of rotation.
		As the asteroid rotates, we see a large surface area, then a small surface area, followed by a large surface area – this is half a rotation – followed by a small surface area, followed by the first large surface area again.
		In the light curve, this is seen as peak, trough, peak, trough, and peak.
	www.astro.queensu.ca /~irwin/phy315/observing/cooke/intro.htm (313 words)

	Calvin College Observatory: Table of Calvin College Asteroid Discoveries
		Asteroids for which adequate observations have been made at four or more oppositions have orbits established well enough that they will never be lost or confused with other objects.
		D: Discovered as part of an asteroid discovery laboratory by students of the spring 2005 Physics 134 class, spring 2006 Physics 134 class, or spring 2007 Physics 134 class (the latter with the assistance of the Astronomy 110 and 111 classes).
		Orbit: Asteroid orbits are modeled as Keplerian ellipses, the shape of which are determined by the average distance from the Sun (the semimajor axis, a, in units of the Earth-Sun distance, the AU) and the eccentricity (e).
	www.calvin.edu /academic/phys/observatory/images/asteroid_table (841 words)

	1998 KY26 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The asteroid 1998 KY is the little dot that moves among the background stars from upper-left to lower-right in the frames.
		The asteroid 1998 KY was discovered by Tom Gehrels on the night of May 28, 1998 (UT) during a routine scanning session.
		From light curve measurements, its rotation period was calculated to be 10.7 minutes - the fastest rotating asteroid known.
	spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu /1998ky26.html (277 words)

	Universe Today - Amateur Spots Close Passing Asteroid
		The asteroid appeared in images taken by Spacewatch astronomer Miwa Block with the 0.9-meter telescope at 1:49 UT on Jan. 19, which is 6:49 p.m.
		The asteroid is classified as an "Apollo" asteroid because it is on average slightly farther from the sun than the Earth is, but its modest orbital eccentricity causes it to occasionally cross Earth's orbit.
		The smallest asteroids are free of regoliths, the blanket of loose dust or dirt that obscures the bare rock surfaces of larger asteroids.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/amateur_spots_near_asteroid.html (1012 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Most asteroids are believed to be remnants of the protoplanetary disc which were not incorporated into planets during the syste..
		Asteroids with moons are commonly referred to as binary asteroids, although that term technically refers only to those systems in which the as..
		In mathematics, an astroid is a particular type of curve: a hypocycloid with four cusps, or a super ellipse with n=2/3 and a=b.
	www.hostingciamca.com /browse.php?title=A/AS/AST (10583 words)

	2001 OE84 lightcurve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		All other asteroids greater than ~0.15 km with known periods are below the critical rotation "barrier" of 12 rev/day (period > 2 h) that is an evidence that most of them are strengthless objects, so-called "rubble piles" (e.g., Pravec and Harris 2000).
		It is an evidence that coherent bodies exist also among asteroids as large as ~1 km.
		The filled circles are the observed data, the curve is the 7th-order Fourier series expansion.
	www.asu.cas.cz /~ppravec/2001oe84.htm (420 words)

	Comet for Windows - Various Light Curves of Comets
		However, you cannot calculate the proper magnitude formula in the way mentioned in the "Light Curve Analysis of Comet Hale-Bopp" page, because the period of observations is too short soon after the discovery.
		The light curve of this comet is as follows.
		The green curve shows the light curve as a usual comet, but it does not coincide at all with the observations before the perihelion passage.
	www.aerith.net /project/comet/tutorial/LightCurve.html (699 words)

	[No title]
		We have continued the photopolarimetric observations of asteroids to study the surface structure detected along the rotation of asteroid.
		Referring to the relation between the minimum polarization and the albedo, our polarization curve with the rotation of asteroid is converted to the albedo curve, and consequently, a comparison of derived albedo curve with the observed light curve becomes available.
		The resulting albedo curve of asteroid is also discussed to examine the inhomogeneous surface structure of asteroid.
	www.astropa.unipa.it /Asteroids2001/Abstracts/Posters/shinokawa.doc (252 words)

	Fast-spinning asteroid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This was when the asteroid made its closest swing by Earth at a half million miles, or twice the distance between the Earth and the moon.
		This asteroid is unusual in that it is almost spherical, with a bare-rock surface pocked at least in part by meteoroid bombardment, they report.
		Asteroids in the 30-meter-diameter range survive between 10 million and 100 million years before being destroyed in space collisions.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/July99/ACM/spinner.html (603 words)

	Roboscope Asteroid Lightcurves
		It is much easier to do light curves on asteroids with a short period and high amplitude light variation.
		Asteroid 291 has a published rotational light curve of 4.32 hours with two peaks.
		Asteroid 431 does not have a published light curve, and we do not detect a clear light curve here.
	pw2.netcom.com /~h2oape/robolightcurves.html (238 words)

	Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Department Webpages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Asteroid astrometry is the precise measurement of the location of an asteroid at a precise moment in time.
		Asteroid photometry is the measurement of the brightness of an asteroid.
		A period of the light curve is the rotation rate of the asteroid.
	www.rose-hulman.edu /Users/groups/Observatory/Research.htm (349 words)

	Iowa Robotic Telescope Facilities
		Typical rotational periods are 5-15 hours, so it often possible to obtain an entire light curve cycle in a single evening for an asteroid near solar opposition.
		The amplitude of the light curve varies with size, with the large asteroids having smaller light variations since they tend to be more nearly spherical.
		Determining the rotational period of an asteroid involves careful monitoring of the apparent magnitude of the asteroid over a large enough time interval to determine the period unambiguously.
	www-astro.physics.uiowa.edu /curriculum/asteroids2.html (1514 words)

	MN4 LC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The asteroid appears to be brighter by 0.33 magnitude, implying that H = 18.97.
		This median combining using the asteroid for alignment requires that the asteroid can be seen in each image, which places a practical limit on how faint the asteroid can be for using the procedure.
		For an asteroid moving at the rate of 2004 MN4 when these observations were made (~3.8 "arc/minute) the longest exposure time for avoiding oval asteroid source functions was 60 seconds for my image scale of 2.8 "arc/pixel.
	www.brucegary.net /MN4 (1768 words)

	Near Earth Asteroid Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Light curve Images acquired through the 700 nm broad filter have been merged to create the animated gif shown to the left.
		Light Curve 550 nm (postscript) If you haven't set up your browser to read postscript files download this file by clicking your right mouse button, then select the "Save Link as...." option.
		Light Curve 700 nm in units of radiance(ascii text)
	cps.earth.northwestern.edu /NEAR/D166_lcurve.html (478 words)

	Asteroid Hubting
		Asteroid hunting, or trying to discover an asteroid that's not already cataloged, is a big challenge for anyone using a telescope with an aperture smaller than 20 inches.
		For this specific asteroid case, chosen at random, it is better to observe it at opposition and stack 2-minute images in order to produce an image with sufficient SNR for the accurate measurement of its coordinates.
		For asteroid work, where brightness accuracy is not important (i.e., when it's OK for accuracy to be no better than 5%, or 0.05 magnitude), it is not important to have an accurate flat frame but it is important to have a precise one.
	brucegary.net /AsteroidHunting/x.htm (6003 words)

	Photometry
		Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) is ‘to allow those engaged in determining asteroid lightcurve parameters to coordinate their efforts so that the best use of observing time can be made’.
		FITS header data (asteroid number and name) was input and the sub-directory in which the images were to be stored named as the date eg; 130303.
		I calibrated the asteroid images as I obtained them as this seemed to simplify the process in that this task would not have to be carried out later prior to the actual photometry.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /roger.dymock/Asteroid%20light%20curves%20Part%20I.htm (1501 words)

	progress report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An asteroid's light curve can be determined in a variety of ways, provided there is sufficient (and good enough) data to delineate a complete period and provided the asteroid does not have "non-standard" characteristics.
		Note that since the period of an asteroid is typically less than one day, any measurements of an asteroid which have spanned several days (or weeks) necessarily include data points which are in a cycle which is separated from the first cycle by more than a period.
		The first method may be better when the light curves depart from a regular sinusoidal shape, since it makes no assumptions about the shape of the curve.
	www.astro.queensu.ca /~irwin/phy215/y2001/results.html (442 words)

	Iowa Robotic Telescope Facilities
		The asteroid light curve research group's primary focus is to determine the periods of several dozen asteroids which have no previously measured period.
		As the stars pass in front of one another, the light from the background star is obscured, causing a temporary and often dramatic decrease in the amount of light received from these stars.
		Variables are divided into four main classes: pulsating and eruptive, where the variability is due to physical changes in the star or star system, and eclipsing binary and rotating stars, where the variability is due to an eclipse of one star by another, or the effect of stellar rotation.
	www-astro.physics.uiowa.edu /research/projects.html (1092 words)

	Tech Note 99: Using asteroids to check Mark IV timestamps
		Asteroid (71) Niobe was detected 64 times in the datasets TR1 through TR16, corresponding to the period Aug 5, 2003, to Dec 12, 2003.
		The amplitude of this phased "light curve" is much larger than the value of 0.12 mag listed in the catalog because I have combined data taken at different places in its orbit.
		This clean photometric light curve adds weight to the evidence from the positions alone that the Julian Date values in the Mark IV database during this period have no errors.
	www.tass-survey.org /tass/technotes/tn0099.html (2452 words)

	SPA Planetary Section - Asteroid Projects
		A few asteroids come close to or even within the Earth's orbit and in aeons of time past many may have collided with the Earth, the Moon and other planets and some astronomers believe such a collision may have caused the extinction of the Dinosaurs, 65 million years ago.
		Observers usually find asteroids by Star Hopping, first observing an easy bright star in the sky near to the asteroid, then moving in stages checking the identity of more stars until the suspect asteroid is found.
		The observer needs to confirm having correctly identified the asteroid by following a similar procedure on several more nights, during which the apparent movement of the asteroid amongst other stars similar to that shown on the Finder Chart shouldshout be apparent.
	www.popastro.com /sections/planet/projects.htm (579 words)

	Sexual Paradox: Chaos
		The eternal religious war of light and dark is very much the battle of chaos as the dark ‘force’ and order as the principle of light.
		The asteroids remaining today are in a belt where the periods do not mode lock and have thus been left behind.
		The remaining asteroids all lie in the non-mode locked regions between Mars and Jupiter because rational orbital periods with respect to Jupiter have long ago been swept into the sun or planets by the pumping action mode-locking causes.
	www.dhushara.com /paradoxhtm/chaos.htm (5380 words)

	Asteroid Light Curve Determination
		A major problem in asteroid light curves is that the reference star(s) on the image frame change from night to night as the asteroid moves.
		I generally choose the asteroid, the star I have chosen as the real reference star, and at least one additional star as a check star (to verify that the reference is not a variable).
		This is the raw light curve of the asteroid, ie, not yet calibrated.
	www.menkescientific.com /asteroidmethod.htm (1870 words)

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