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Topic: AstroTurf

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	AstroTurf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		AstroTurf was invented in 1965 by employees of Monsanto, patented in 1967, and originally sold under the name "Chemgrass".
		AstroTurf is being replaced in many stadiums with newer types of artificial turf – two common brands of this new generation being FieldTurf and Sport Grass.
		Astroturf is the preferred surface for field hockey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/AstroTurf (314 words)

	Astroturfing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A form of propaganda, astroturfing attempts to selectively affect the emotions of the public, whether trying to win a campaign, be the top music record seller, the top book seller, or gain political support.
		Astroturfing techniques usually consist of a few people discreetly posing as mass numbers of activists advocating a specific cause.
		Government astroturfing, as well as other sneaky tricks including an eleven-day war waged to distract from a sex scandal, are depicted in the film Wag the Dog.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Astroturfing (1888 words)

	[01-05-96] Walter Truett Anderson, Astroturf -- The Big Business of Fake Grassroots Politics
		The effort was focused on six states that had been targeted because their senators were wavering in their vote and might be more inclined to cave in to the auto industry lobbyists if they could later claim they were merely representing the wishes of their constituents.
		In the case of the clean air campaign, the Bonner organization not only subsidized telephone calls, but also paid airplane fares to Washington and hired a hall for a joint press conference in which leaders of some of the organizations that had been recruited expressed their common opposition to the proposed amendments.
		Viewed from one perspective, the astroturf phenomenon appears to be a rather simple issue: the corruption of democratic politics by the moneyed interests.
	www.pacificnews.org /jinn/stories/2.01/960105-astroturf.html (694 words)

	AstroTurf: This Grass Is Always Greener JONATHAN DEE / NY Times 20apr03
		The AstroTurf in Giants Stadium, for instance, which had covered the field since its construction in 1976, was torn up and replaced in 2000 with elaborately engineered trays of real grass.
		Keenly conscious of the perception of AstroTurf as anathema to athletes, FieldTurf has successfully disseminated the story that the rubber element of its turf's infill is made from recycled Nike sneakers.
		AstroTurf remains about four times the size of the little guys, but the little guys like their position.
	www.mindfully.org /Plastic/Nylon/AstroTurf-Always-Greener20apr03.htm (2798 words)

	Astroturf - SourceWatch
		Astroturf refers to apparently grassroots groups or coalitions which are actually fake, often created by corporations or public relations firms.
		Campaigns and Elections magazine defines astroturf as a "grassroots program that involves the instant manufacturing of public support for a point of view in which either uninformed activists are recruited or means of deception are used to recruit them." Journalist William Greider has coined his own term to describe corporate grassroots organizing.
		Funded heavily by corporate largesse, they use sophisticated computer databases, telephone banks and hired organizers to rope less-informed activists into sending letters to their elected officials or engaging in other actions that create the appearance of grassroots support for their client's cause.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Astroturf (929 words)

	MediaShift . Digging Deeper::Can Newspaper Letter Editors Stop Astroturf Onslaught? \| PBS
		It’s a practice known as “astroturf” because it is a fake grassroots campaign orchestrated by political professionals who want the appearance of a groundswell of public opinion.
		The idea for astroturf is an old one, but it’s more powerful now thanks to online tools that let you write emails to newspapers in a few simple steps.
		When one of the group’s astroturf letters was called out for being deceptive in the Seattle Times, Focus on the Family’s media director Gary Schneeberger wrote back defending the practice.
	www.pbs.org /mediashift/2006/06/digging_deepercan_newspaper_le.html (2594 words)

	U.S. Political Glossary
		Astroturf is the creation of the modern public relations industry.
		It is typically used by corporations to create the appearance of legitimacy for an unpopular position, and thereby stifle opposition or prevent corrective change.
		The success of grass roots movements has led to the creation of its antithesis: “astroturf”.
	www.killian.com /earl/glossary.html (4036 words)

	Urban Dictionary: astroturf
		Astroturfing is the opposite of "grassroots", genuine public support of an issue.
		Microsoft didn't have grassroots support, so they created astroturf support.
		"Astroturfing" is typically done by sending the same letter to every newspaper one can find.
	www.urbandictionary.com /define.php?term=astroturf&f=1 (384 words)

	brandchannel.com \| AstroTurf Brand \| Artificial Turf Brands \| brands \| brand \| branding news
		The first surface installations, as intended by the Ford Foundation, were indeed in public areas such as schools and neighborhoods, however, within a couple years the major league stadiums came seeking a solution to their surface woes.
		By 1970, AstroTurf had crossed the pond and made its first appearance in Europe (Sportschule Hennef, Germany); for the last 35 years, AstroTurf has been supplying athletic venues all over the world from Argentina to Pakistan, Hong Kong to the Netherlands.
		AstroTurf has stared down such formidable opponents as 3M’sTartan Turf, American Biltrite’s PolyTurf, and J.F. Adolff AG’s PoliGras, but more brands have sprouted up to take their place.
	www.brandchannel.com /features_profile.asp?pr_id=23 (1777 words)

	OJR article: Bloggers Mow Down GOP Astroturf; Who's to Blame for 'SQ Hell' Worm?
		The ruse is far from new and not limited to the right wing, but the success of this "Astroturf" (for fake grassroots) campaign is a wake-up call to techno-unsavvy newspaper types.
		Not only did the mainstream media blow it by printing so many copycat letters, but their coverage of the fiasco was (understandably) late and didn't give much credit to the Webloggers who broke the story.
		If newspapers were feeling especially bad over the astroturf fiasco, some got hit with more punishment by the "SQ Hell" worm over the past weekend that hit computer networks at the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the AP and Philadelphia Inquirer.
	www.ojr.org /ojr/glaser/1043778102.php (872 words)

	Field Hockey - Artificial Field and Synthetic Turf Grass - AstroTurf, LLC.
		Over the past 40 years, AstroTurf has created and provided thousands of water-based and standard field systems specifically for field hockey training and competition.
		AstroTurf is proud to be an official sponsor of the FIH for yet another year.
		It's an honor for our AstroTurf to have been selected to serve as the Official Supplier of Synthetic Pitches to EHF through the year 2007.
	www.astroturf.com /field_hockey.htm (419 words)

	Common Cause Blog :: Astroturf
		The Wall Street Journal published a major article about the study last week and it was featured on other media outlets such as the radio and TV program Democracy Now and in the San Antonio Express News.
		Telecom industry Astroturf is continuing to crop up all over the country.
		Find out in Common Cause's latest research report: "Wolves in Sheep's Clothing." We expose nine Astroturf organizations and industry-backed think tanks that are misleading citizens and lawmakers.
	www.commonblog.com /tag/Astroturf (1359 words)

	Word Spy - astroturf
		Hobson's office, using Washington parlance for calls that seem to be from individuals but are in fact orchestrated by lobbying groups.
		A case in point, in his view, is the recent ad campaign by the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States against increases in excise taxes on liquor.
		Bentsen reports that a third of the 190 coupons his office received were altered to express support for tax increases that the coupon says could raise the price of a bottle of liquor $2 and "put a lot of people in the beverage alcohol business out of work."
	www.wordspy.com /words/astroturf.asp (246 words)

	The Inside Story: Grassroots
		The Chemical Manufacturers Association conceived its Astroturf programs in the executive boardroom, with decisions and strategy emanating from CEOs, senior executives, and high-priced public relations and lobbying firms.
		When CMA has a hot button issue that needs grassroots support, the group deploys their "grassroots managers" -- the Astroturf point person in each participating company -- to activate industry employees to take action.
		For instance, a grassroots manager might seek out a plant manager to 'volunteer' to write a letter to his Congressperson, or Monsanto's grassroots manager would call up a number of retired Monsanto employees asking them to call their representatives with a message scripted by CMA or the company.
	www.chemicalindustryarchives.org /dirtysecrets/grassroots/1.asp (418 words)

	Field Hockey - Artificial Field and Synthetic Turf Grass News Information sponsored by AstroTurf LLC - AstroTurf News
		The European Hockey Federation (EHF) and AstroTurf® synthetic sports surfacing have entereed into a sponsorship agreement which sees the turf's position as the official supplier of synthetic field hockey pitches to the organization.
		This year, opposing teams need to leave it all on the turf, because newly constructed AstroTurf Field is as smooth as they come.
		The playing surface itseld is composed of AstroTurf® 12, which is a favorite of field hockey.
	www.astroturfnews.com /fieldhockey/index.htm (355 words)

	Lobicilik.com [ Astroturf Campaigns ]
		Campaigns and Elections magazine however, defines the term of ‘astroturf’ as a "grassroots program that involves the instant manufacturing of public support for a point of view in which either uninformed activists are recruited or means of deception are used to recruit them" (http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Astroturf)
		Today, it's easy for trade associations and major lobbying firms to conceive and fund so-called "grassroots" issue campaigns that bear no mark of their sponsors or betray their "Beltway" origins.
		To its supporters, the provision would unmask ''Astroturf'' ventures, fake grassroots operations with big money funneled through shell groups that employ friendly voices and benign names to cajole voters into swamping government officials with messages.
	www.lobicilik.com /Articles/AstroturfCampaigns.htm (2069 words)

	Republican Astroturf: When Political Grassroots turn out to be Cheap Plastic
		You'd think that, having been caught in their astroturfing, plagiarizing, cheating scheme, the Republican party would have disavowed the practice and promised never to do it again.
		This fraudulent tactic is called "astroturf" because it creates the appearance of a false grassroots support for the President's policies even when that support may not actually exist.
		Not only has the letters editor refused to publish a letter to the editor pointing out this incident of astroturf by the Republican National Committee, she has dismissed letters pointing out astroturf as "Bush Bashing" and made the claim that the Democratic party does it, too.
	irregulartimes.com /astroturf.html (1842 words)

	USATODAY.com - AstroTurf maker files for bankruptcy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		AstroTurf, the first artificial playing field surface, was created more than 30 years ago.
		Artificial turf came to professional sports in 1966, when it was used to carpet the Astrodome, inspiring the AstroTurf brand name.
		SRI, which entered into the artificial turf business in 1989, bought AstroTurf Industries Inc. in 1994 from St. Louis-based Balsam, which had filed for bankruptcy.
	www.usatoday.com /money/industries/manufacturing/2004-02-18-astro-turf-bankruptcy_x.htm (484 words)

	astroturf and artificial turf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		When you hear the word “AstroTurf,” it probably conjures up images of a carpet-like artificial turf.
		In fact, ForeverLawn is not your father’s AstroTurf.
		It is a new generation of artificial turf, which looks, feels and acts like real grass.
	www.foreverlawninc.com /astroturf.html (214 words)

	Newsvine - Web 2.0, meet Astroturf 2.0
		A new report from the non-profit group Common Cause details the ways that industry groups are setting up fake grassroots organizations (aka "astroturf" organizations) to join the fight against Net neutrality legislation.
		Five such groups are profiled in the newly released report, entitled Wolves in Sheep's Clothing, Part 2: More Telecom Industry Front Groups and Astroturf.
		Part 1 of the series was released back in March.
	super-structure.newsvine.com /_news/2006/08/14/324270-web-20-meet-astroturf-20 (117 words)

	Republican Party blanket-emailed newspaper editors
		At this web site, there is a fight against "killer astroturf" which relates to the 2002 Republican campaign.
		Newspapers alleged to have fallen for the spamsters include the Boston Globe, USA Today, the Dallas Morning News, the Albany Pilot, the Green Bay Press Gazette and several dozen others.
		Yesterday it was suggested that our own august Financial Times had published the latest example of the "astroturf".
	www.theinquirer.net /?article=7320 (451 words)

	tins ::: Rick Klau’s weblog » Joe Corrado, Editor in Chief of Sun Publications responds re: astroturf
		I’m not sure what your policy is on so-called “astroturf” - Editor and Publisher talked about this last year.
		If anyone’s interested in helping out, it would be a clearinghouse of astroturf language that would automate the process by which publishers could do a quick check against known astroturf campaigns.
		Ivan, I wouldn’t google the entire text, even astroturfers might add a word or two of their own.
	www.rklau.com /tins/archives/2004/08/18/joe_corrado_editor_in_chief_of_sun_publications_responds_re_astroturf.php (677 words)

	Astroturf Troopers
		GCC chairman William O'Keefe, an executive with the American Petroleum Institute, kickstarted this secret coalition in 1996 when he hired former lobbyist Susan Moya to set up a national network of "grassroots" groups, a network that now includes dozens of industry-funded astroturf groups in several states.
		Moya denied the existence of her astroturf network, but the MoJo Wire has obtained a memo that says otherwise, written by Moya herself.
		Moya and GCC refused to answer questions about their grassroots setup, but some of the corporate-funded astroturf groups named in her memo, including Texas Citizens for a Sound Economy and People for the West, confirmed that they were part of Moya's network of "state grassroots leaders," and that they received this memo.
	www.motherjones.com /news/feature/1997/12/gwrightwing.html (920 words)

	tins ::: Rick Klau’s weblog » Astroturf, local edition
		Kos discovered another astroturf operation from the Bush campaign.
		Looks like I’m late to the discussion, and it looks like Rick is willing to condemn “astroturf” campaigns by both parties (but only, apparently, in comments as opposed to in the post itself
		You have to have a “volunteer account” in order to use the astroturf (i.e.
	www.rklau.com /tins/archives/2004/08/17/astroturf_local_edition.php (1244 words)

	Shopzilla - Shop for astroturf Softball & Baseball Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Features Size: W 4 ft 23 in; L 9 ft 6 in; H 10 in AstroTurf covering Non-slip, non-marking rubber backing Lightweight, high-strength...
		Features Size: W 8 ft 23 in; L 11 ft 6 in; H 10 in AstroTurf covering Non-slip, non-marking rubber backing Lightweight, high-strength...
		Heavy duty rubber coated skid-proof mound with Astroturf cover.~;~Lightweight design ideal for indoor use or outdoor for a bullpen...
	www.shopzilla.com /7Y_-_cat_id--12020300__keyword--astroturf+shoes (659 words)

	Amazon.com: astroturf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		From SLAPPS to astroturf groups.: An article from: Arena Magazine by Ben Zipper (Jun 1, 1999)
		Corporate astroturf and civil justice: the corporations behind "citizens against lawsuit abuse".
		A look at the perpetrators: the list of interest groups encouraging "astroturf" is as long as the list of interest groups.(Turf wars: the editor strikes back): An article from: The Masthead by Dan Radmacher (Sep 22, 2004)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=astroturf&page=1 (347 words)

	Common Cause Blog :: New Astroturf
		All this year, we've been following the trail of telecom industry money to front groups and "Astroturf" organizations. (Check out Part 1 and Part 2 of our "Wolves in Sheep's Clothing report.)
		Another Astroturf group, the Advanced Technology Alliance, was also outed last week by a commenter on the Making Light blog. So keep your eyes peeled, and let us know if you see other suspiciously-named groups that may be fronts for the phone or cable companies.
		In order to post a comment, you must be logged in.
	www.commonblog.com /story/2006/8/25/10341/0274 (156 words)

	Astroturf Lobbying: Community Leaders Decry Lobby Firm's Fax
		Bonner, a former Republican operative in Washington, is widely viewed as the leader in this type of lobbying.
		The practice is known among political insiders as "Astroturf lobbying" because the grass-roots effort is manufactured.
		His clients include General Motors Corp., Citigroup Inc., Miller Brewing Co. and the National Restaurant Association, an industry group.
	commondreams.org /headlines02/0309-04.htm (1160 words)

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