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Topic: Astronaut Group 2

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	Spaceline: U.S. Astronaut Drafts: NASA Group 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Although the qualifications for NASA astronaut candidates remained essentially the same as those for the original seven, the criteria were broadened a bit prior to the second draft.
		Although this and all future astronaut drafts were open to women, no women were selected as official astronaut candidates until 1978.
		A total of about 250 candidates applied for the second astronaut draft, of which nine were selected.
	www.spaceline.org /astronauts/nasagroup2.html (148 words)

	John Watts Young - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Watts Young (born September 24, 1930) is a former NASA astronaut who walked on the Moon on Apollo 16, April 21, 1972.
		Joining NASA in 1962, Young was the first of Astronaut Group 2 to fly in space.
		Other Group 2 astronauts with flight experience were quickly moved to Apollo, while other astronauts such as Scott Carpenter and Gordon Cooper had been sidelined for lesser infractions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_W._Young (880 words)

	Astronaut
		By convention, an astronaut employed by the Russian Aviation and Space Agency or its Soviet predecessor is called a cosmonaut.
		Actually, "cosmonaut" and "astronaut" are synonyms in both languages, and the usage of choice on both sides is often dictated by political reasons.
		The first group of astronauts tended to be jet fighter pilots from military backgrounds.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/as/astronaut.html (669 words)

	The Moon
		It is 2 to 8 meters (7 to 26 feet) thick on the maria and may exceed 15 meters (49 feet) on the terrae, depending on how long the bedrock underneath it has been exposed to meteoritic bombardment.
		Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot, poses for a photograph beside the deployed United States flag during Apollo 11 extravehicular activity on the lunar surface.
		The footprints of the astronauts are clearly visible in the soil of the Moon.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/moon.htm (2472 words)

	Spaceline: U.S. Astronaut Drafts: NASA Group 3
		This required even more astronauts, so a third request for astronaut candidates was issued.
		Requirements for these astronaut candidates were identical to those selected in NASA Group 2.
		A total of about 400 astronaut candidates applied during the third draft, of which 14 were selected.
	www.spaceline.org /astronauts/nasagroup3.html (80 words)

	Astronaut Interview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		That is why it was possiblle for the astronauts who walked on the Moon to be able to walk with their space suits.
		Astronauts do need to stay in good physical shape, we spend a fair amount of time at the gym, running, playing ball, excercising, keeping ourselves in good shape to be able to fly.
		On our flight a Japanese astronaut drove the robot arm that's attached to the shuttle and we use it to attach to satellites that are flying in space and then bring them down into the payload bay of the space shuttle.
	hastings.lexingtonma.org /LDAPS/Florence/Astronaut_Barry.html (6563 words)

	Earth Observatory Feature: The Art of Science Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Astronauts onboard the ISS also take striking images in addition to their designated science targets; hometowns, places of special interest, and spacecraft are typical subjects.
		Astronaut photograph ISS010-E-18338 was acquired February 20, 2005, with a Kodak 760C digital camera with a 400 mm lens.
		Astronaut photograph ISS010-E-14586 was acquired January 23, 2005, with a Kodak 760C digital camera with an 800 mm lens.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Study/ISSArt/iss_art2.html (397 words)

	Astronaut Group 2 - Definition, explanation
		NASA's Astronaut Group 2 also known as The Next Nine was the second group of Astronauts selected by NASA in September 1962.
		The group was required to augment the original Mercury 7 with the announcement of the Gemini Program and leading to the Apollo Program.
		The selection requirements were as demanding as for the first group with a greater emphasis on candidates with engineering experience as well as test pilot experience.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/as/astronaut_group_2.php (330 words)

	NASA ASTRONAUTS AND SPACE EXPLORATION \| NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NASA \| SPACE SHUTTLE.
		For the most part, "cosmonaut" and "astronaut" are synonyms in all languages, and the usage of choice is often dictated by political reasons.
		However in the United States, the term "astronaut" is typically applied to the individual as soon as training begins, while in Russia, an individual is not labeled a cosmonaut until successful space flight.
		The first astronauts, both in the USA and USSR, tended to be jet fighter pilots, often test pilots, from military backgrounds.
	www.solarnavigator.net /aviation_and_space_travel/astronaut.htm (1816 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		It is maintained by the Astronauts Memorial Foundation, whose offices are located in the NASA Center for Space Education next door to the Visitor Complex.
		The names of the 24 astronauts who have died are scattered all over the mirror, with names of astronauts who died in the same incident grouped on the same panel, or on a pair of adjacent panels.
		Another Group 3 recruit, he was in the Apollo astronaut rotation, and would have been on the crew of Apollo 12.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Astronaut_Memorial (1079 words)

	CD Baby: ASTRONAUT: Evolve
		astronaut fuses the sounds of their alt/post-grunge/punk predecessors, pushing sweet-but-fierce vocals to soar with fast-and-furious, 70s-infused guitar licks and a rhythm section that will give you a run for your money.
		Blasting on to the New York music scene in early 2003, astronaut, with its wistful melodies, strong vocals, and complementary rhythms, is making its mark locally and nationally with a growing fan base and critical acclaim for its songs.
		Since astronaut sold out the ultra-hip Pianos back in March, they continue to pack houses, performing at such NYC landmarks as the Knitting Factory, CB's Gallery, Galapagos and Northsix, where they opened for Head of Femur.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/astronaut (665 words)

	USATODAY.com - Astronaut candidates taste of zero gravity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		NASA's newest astronaut candidates experienced their first taste of zero gravity and are now preparing to make their first jet flights without the company of instructors.
		During their two-hour flight, the astronaut class and Japanese astronauts experienced 44 parabolas, 40 of which were true zero gravity arcs.
		While the new astronaut class trained on T-38 aircraft and experienced weightlessness, NASA mission controllers, space station astronauts and the crew of the Discovery STS-114 shuttle mission conducted an eight-hour simulation to rehearse docking the spacecraft with the International Space Station.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2004-10-22-astro-zero_x.htm (530 words)

	Help.com - apollo program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		To learn lunar landing techniques, astronauts practiced in the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV), a flying vehicle that simulated (by means of a special, additional jet engine) the reduced gravity that the Lunar Module would actually fly in.
		The Command Module (CM) was the part in which the astronauts spent most of their time, including launch and landing.
		This is an excellent account of Deke Slayton's life as an astronaut and of his work as chief of the astronaut office, including selection of the crews which flew Apollo to the Moon.
	help.com /wiki/Apollo_program (3437 words)

	Where No Man Has Gone Before, Ch9-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In September 1966 the National Academy of Sciences and NASA announced that applications for a second group of scientist-astronauts would be accepted.
		Addition of this class of candidates brought the astronaut corps to a strength of 56 - more than Apollo seemed to need, since no more than 10 lunar missions were contemplated.
		On the other hand, if the program did not materialize as planned, the astronaut corps would be overstaffed and many aspiring space explorers would have small chance of flying in space.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4214/ch9-2.html (510 words)

	NASA - Astronaut Requirements
		The term "astronaut" derives from the Greek words meaning "space sailor," and refers to all who have been launched as crew members aboard NASA spacecraft bound for orbit and beyond.
		Mission specialist astronauts, working with the commander and pilot, have overall responsibility for the coordination of Shuttle operations in the areas of crew activity planning, consumables usage, and experiment and payload operations.
		Payload specialists are persons other than NASA astronauts (including foreign nationals) who have specialized onboard duties; they may be added to shuttle crews if activities that have unique requirements are involved and more than the minimum crew size of five is needed.
	www.nasa.gov /audience/forstudents/postsecondary/features/F_Astronaut_Requirements.html (779 words)

	No. 2 Leader of al-Qaida in Iraq Killed
		U.S. and Iraqi authorities said Tuesday their forces had killed the No. 2 official in the al-Qaida in Iraq organization in a weekend raid in Baghdad, claiming to have struck a "painful blow" to the country's most feared insurgent group.
		He was the group's "amir" or leader in Anbar, the vast western province that is the heartland of the insurgency, until spring, when he became the amir in Baghdad and led operations in and around the capital.
		Abu Azzam's death was followed by two other successes against al-Qaida in Iraq's leadership, officials said the group's leader in the northern city of Mosul surrendered to the Iraqi military, and its leader in the town of Karabila in the sensitive region near the Syrian border was killed.
	www.infowars.com /articles/iraq/al_qaeda_number_2_killed_iraq.htm (903 words)

	Gregory William
		Launching from the Kennedy Space Center on March 2, 1995, and landing at Edwards AFB on March 18, 1995, the crew established a new mission duration record of 16 days, 15 hours, 8 minutes and 46 seconds, while completing 262 orbits and traveling nearly seven million miles.
		The group was selected to provide pilot, engineer, and scientist astronauts for space shuttle flights..
		Carried Astro 2 astronomy payload with 3 UV telescopes.(attached to Endeavour).
	www.astronautix.com /astros/grelliam.htm (584 words)

	Mercury Seven - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Original seven Astronauts portrait (L-R: Schirra, Shepard, Slayton, Grissom, Glenn, Cooper, Carpenter).
		The Mercury Seven was the group of seven Mercury astronauts picked in April 1959.
		They are also referred to as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mercury_Seven (131 words)

	Zoom Astronomy Glossary: A
		Astrometry is the precise measurement of the position and motion of astronomical objects, often with respect to standard star catalogues.
		Astronautics is the science of the design, construction, and operation of spacecraft.
		The Astronomer Royal is appointed by the Queen (or King) of England to be custodian of the Greenwich Observatory.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary/index.shtml (4918 words)

	Claude Nicollier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Under agreement between ESA and NASA he joined the NASA astronaut candidates selected in May 1980 for astronaut training as a mission specialist and has been detached to the NASA Astronauts office in Houston since July 1980.
		From the Spring of 1996 to the end of 1998, he was Head of the NASA Astronaut Office Robotics Branch.
		Nicollier is currently assigned to the EVA Branch in the NASA Astronaut Office in Houston.
	www.spaceflight.esa.int /file.cfm?filename=astnicollier (750 words)

	The European Astronaut Corps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The larger number of Astronauts selected and the variety of European nations represented was significant of the increased public interest in Europe for manned-flight in this period.
		Also selected were the second German Astronaut, T. Reiter, M. Cheli from Italy who has already resigned, P. Duque from Spain, C. Fuglesang from Sweden and the first woman in EAC M. Merchez from Belgium who has since resigned and not flown.
		The second group of 4 Astronauts joined in 1999 and included R. Ewald from Germany, A. Kuipers from the Nederlands and M. Tognini and C. Andre-Deshays from France.
	www.spaceflight.esa.int /file.cfm?filename=astcorps (527 words)

	CNN.com - Wild 2 comet unlike any other - Jun 17, 2004
		Brownlee's group and other research teams present four analyses of Wild 2 in the June 18 issue of the journal Science, building on preliminary results released in March.
		Craters on Wild 2, presumably caused by run-ins with smaller objects, are strangely free of the powder, rocks and other debris commonly seen in impact craters on other bodies.
		Comet Wild 2 probably gathered itself together 4.5 billion years ago, just after the sun was born, in a region beyond Neptune known as the Kuiper Belt.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/space/06/17/wild.comet (1369 words)

	SPACE.com -- NASA Needs New Vision for Human Spaceflight, Asteroid Protection, Experts Say
		A group of 30 scientists has formally urged NASA to use the International Space Station (ISS) as part of an expanded program of human and robotic missions to learn more about asteroids and how to deflect one that might one day threaten Earth.
		The letter was signed by two former astronauts and 28 astronomers and scientists at universities and space industry companies, as well as institutions closely tied to or largely funded by NASA.
		The space station could be used to test in microgravity conditions machinery that would be used to examine an asteroid, said former astronaut Thomas Jones, who is also a planetary scientist and a consultant for space exploration efforts beyond the space station.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/asteroid_iss_030409.html (1139 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Americas \| Nasa model 'had wrong data'
		But the model had not been used before to assess damage from falling debris during a flight, said former astronaut Sally Ride, a member of the board investigating the accident.
		A group of Boeing engineers carrying out a computer analysis during the flight realised they needed more data about where the foam had hit, Dr Ride told reporters in Houston, Texas.
		She said they asked the US space agency Nasa to take pictures of the orbiting shuttle to assess the potential damage - but no pictures were ever taken, she said.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/americas/2930821.stm (436 words)

	Dr. Ray Noonan's Archives: NASA's Humans in Space by Ken Jenks
		Thus, the spacecraft or the astronaut in his or her suit must be protected from overheating (or the loss of heat, if the direct sun's rays are not present) through the use of appropriate insulating material.
		As a spacecraft orbits the Earth, the astronaut experiences a condition known as weightlessness because nearly all of the forces on the body are balanced.
		Astronauts suffering from space motion sickness may get headaches, lose their appetite, feel as though there is a "knot" in their stomach and find it very difficult to work efficiently.
	www.bway.net /~rjnoonan/humans_in_space/humans.html (3368 words)

	Seven astronauts braving unknown - Return to Flight - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Noguchi is one of eight Japanese Space Agency astronauts, and he will be only the fifth of the group to fly in space.
		As deputy chief of the astronaut office in 2003, Andrew Thomas found himself caring for grieving families of the Columbia astronauts.
		The Jacksonville, Fla.-born astronaut is featured in a military survival-training video in which she cooks and eats grasshoppers.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/8524888/page/2 (1128 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| China takes next step in human spaceflight
		Two astronauts were aboard the Shenzhou 6 capsule as it flew into space atop a Long March 2F rocket that took off at 0100 GMT (9:00 p.m.
		Both astronauts were part of an original group of fourteen training over the past few years for the opportunity to fly in space on Shenzhou 6.
		The astronauts were both finalists in the competition leading up to the flight of Shenzhou 5 in 2003, according to reports from Xinhua.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0510/11shenzhou6 (1639 words)

	Beagle 2 remains silent, hopes pinned on Mars Express (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hopes of picking up a signal from the Beagle 2 Mars robot lander are now pinned on its mother ship Mars Express after a US satellite on Wednesday failed to make contact with the elusive probe, a spokesman said.
		The Beagle 2 was scheduled to land on Mars on Christmas Day but its signal, a sequence of nine musical notes by the British pop group Blur, has remained elusive.
		When Beagle 2 separated from Mars Express on December 19 -- after a 400 million kilometre journey -- it was set to become the first European spacecraft to land on another planet.
	www.marsdaily.com /2004/031231184143.l1g4zyxm.html (375 words)

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