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Topic: Astroturf PR

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	Astroturfing Congress - Forbes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Astroturf groups serve a variety of companies, trade associations and unions, and encompass all points of the political compass.
		Astroturf groups were a favorite tool of Jack Abramoff, and inflated fees for such groups, channeled to his associate Michael Scanlon and kicked back to Abramoff, were central to the rip-off scheme for which both pleaded guilty.
		Astroturf groups act this way because, unlike real grass-roots groups that want you knocking on their door, their whole setup is a façade--as fake as the Old West set on a Hollywood backlot.
	www.forbes.com /healthcare/2007/02/12/muckraker-astroturf-congress-opinion-cx_gw_0213muckraker.html?partner=rss (1156 words)

	Public relations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		PR historians say the first PR firm, the Publicity Bureau, was established in 1900 by former newspapermen, with Harvard University as its first client.
		PR practitioners, on the other hand, design releases to encourage as much "lifting" as possible, so in essence, the less professional a journalist is, the more successful the release is judged to be.
		After a PR practitioner has been working in the field for a while, he or she accumulates a list of contacts in the media and elsewhere in the public affairs sphere.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_relations (3905 words)

	Public Relations Training
		Many PR practitioners have also been recruited from the ranks of journalism and have used their understanding of the news media to ensure that their clients receive favorable media coverage.
		Many of the first PR professionals, including Ivy Lee, Edward Bernays, and Carl Byoir, got their start with the Committee for Public Information (also known as the Creel Committee), which organized publicity on behalf of U.S. objectives during World War Ihttp://cheap-cigarettes.7h.com.
		:It means that modern PR grew out of a tradition of "press agents" whose job it was to drum up publicity for their clients, usually in a crude and heavy-handed manner.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/161/public-relations-training.html (940 words)

	Grassroots PR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Grassroots PR Grassroots PR Astroturf PR is a type of public relations which attempts to create a false impression that "real" people support the special interest group paying the PR firm.
		On the other hand, a well-funded PR firm with a large budget for collecting signatures is hard for areal citizens' group to match.
		Earlier examples of Astroturf include a 1991 campaign by PR firm Kloberg where leaked internal documents> claimed to haveplaced dozens of letters to the editor as well as op-eds and articles praising Mobutu's regime in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo).
	www.therfcc.org /grassroots-pr-1881.html (249 words)

	Astroturf - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Astroturf refers to apparently grassroots groups or coalitions which are actually fake, often created by corporations or public relations firms.
		Campaigns and Elections magazine defines astroturf as a "grassroots program that involves the instant manufacturing of public support for a point of view in which either uninformed activists are recruited or means of deception are used to recruit them." Journalist William Greider has coined his own term to describe corporate grassroots organizing.
		The ads said they were paid for the Gray Panthers but did not mention that Issue Dynamics Inc. (IDI), a PR firm that specializes in "grassroots PR," had provided most of the $200,000 it cost to place the ads.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Astroturf (1313 words)

	Public relations Article, Publicrelations Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Many PR practitioners have also been recruited from the ranks of journalism and haveused their understanding of the news media to ensure that their clients receive favorable media coverage.
		PR most often tries to convince the public of something using a wide array of intellectual and emotional tools,while propaganda usually relies on visceral emotions like love, fear, loyalty, prejudice, and others, to control a population.
		PR practitioners, on the other hand, design releases to encourage as much "lifting" aspossible, so in essence, the less professional a journalist is, the more successful the release is judged to be.
	www.anoca.org /pr/press/public_relations.html (2730 words)

	Public relations
		Public relations (PR) is internal and external communication (use of symbols and symbolic acts) to inform or influence specific publics using writing, marketing, advertising, publicity, promotions, and special events.
		Ivy Lee, who has been credited with "inventing" PR news releases, espoused a philosophy consistent with what has sometimes been called the "two-way street" approach to public relations, in which PR consists of helping clients listen as well as communicate messages to their publics.
		Persuasion, advocacy, and education are instruments through which individuals and organizations are entitled to express themselves in a free society, and many public relations practitioners are engaged in practices that are innocuous or even beneficial to the public, such as helping publicize university research findings, planning charity fundraisers, or designing course catalogs for community colleges.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/pu/public_relations.html (1245 words)

	Corporate Watch : The PR Industry : PR and the public
		Starting in the 1990s the PR industry began to realise the power of grassroots organisation ranged against their clients and sought to fashion their own "astroturf" citizens campaigns.
		Astroturf campaigns are those which aim to create the impression of grassroots support for or opposition to a given project.
		Sometimes PR companies can successfully organise discontented workers or sections of the public to vent their frustrations on environmentalists or particular legislation that the client wants derailed.
	www.corporatewatch.org.uk /?lid=1573 (993 words)

	altyrianview.com » People Always Get Hurt on Astroturf
		A group of influential bloggers (including Shel Holtz who posted this message on his blog) and PR practitioners are supporting an anti-astroturf campaign.
		Sure, there are some unscrupulous people who know that astroturfing is bad, but I’m willing to believe that many of these well-meaning individuals don’t know any better – or if they do, they don’t have the confidence to say no to their boss / client.
		The anti-astroturfing page on the new PR wiki should serve as a permanent record of astrotrufing resources, and will assist those new to the profession from falling into the pitfalls of the practice.
	altyrianview.com /2006/07/16/people-always-get-hurt-on-astroturf (396 words)

	Talking Points Memo: by Joshua Micah Marshall: February 24, 2002 - March 02, 2002 Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Astroturf organizing describes a series of services consultants provide to simulate the existence of grass-roots interest or concern with an issue.
		A typical 'astroturf' effort might have a given turfster receiving a certain amount of cash for delivering X number of citizen calls to a certain congressperson, yelling at them to oppose this or that piece of legislation.
		He is one of the pioneers of astroturf organizing -- i.e., phony, ginned-up, grass-roots activism -- which he's employed principally on behalf of the tobacco industry, but also gun-rights advocates, the National Right to Work Committee, various other anti-regulatory and anti-tax efforts, and myriad Republican candidates.
	www.talkingpointsmemo.com /archives/week_2002_02_24.php (3673 words)

	D-Ring PR » Blog Archive » Is it (bad) astroturfing?
		There seems to be pretty universal agreeement that the big problem with astroturfing is that astroturfers generally are not transparent about their intentions/interests.
		Community relations PR, where you take you case to ordinary citizens, or more likely in my case, local software user groups, and try to interest citizens in your client’s product is just what PR should be, in my never-was-humble-opinion.
		Keith classifies three areas of PR - white PR (which is always ethical), grey PR (which is normally ethical - but needs to be analysed carefully on a case by case basis to ensure that it is ethical) and fl PR (practices such as astroturfing - never ethical).
	field.prblogs.org /2006/08/06/is-it-astroturfing (1646 words)

	Keeping America Safe from Democracy - Center for Media and Democracy
		Increasingly, PR firms are turning to more personalized, intensive methods of orchestrating political activism for their corporate clients.
		Grassroots PR has also been criticized for deceptive practices in a number of cases where companies have used people's names without their authorization.
		In July 1995, an astroturf campaign by the Beckel Cowan PR firm became the subject of a more serious scandal when it was discovered that as many as half of its messages to Congress were unauthorized.
	www.prwatch.org /prwissues/1998Q3/astrotrf.html (2632 words)

	The PR Industry : PR and the public
		Starting in the 1990s the PR industry began to realise the power of grassroots organisation ranged against their clients and sought to fashion their own "astroturf" citizens campaigns.
		Astroturf campaigns are those which aim to create the impression of grassroots support for or opposition to a given project.
		Sometimes PR companies can successfully organise discontented workers or sections of the public to vent their frustrations on environmentalists or particular legislation that the client wants derailed.
	www.corporatewatch.org /?lid=1573 (995 words)

	AstroTurf \| Archie Manning
		Archie serves in PR and consulting capacities for numerous local and national organizations and is active in a wide variety of charitable and civic causes, including his Archie Manning Cystic Fibrosis benefit golf tournaments held in Louisiana and Mississippi.
		In July, AstroTurf will be among the sponsors at the 2007 Manning Passing Academy, the annual football camp hosted by Archie Manning and sons Cooper, Peyton and Eli.
		AstroTurf® is a registered trademark of Textile Management Associates, Inc. AstroTurf® is an exclusively licensed brand of GeneralSports Venue, LLC.
	www.astroturfusa.com /archie-manning (649 words)

	Front Sight, Press » Blog Archive » AstroTurf
		The Wiki-pedia definition is, “a registered trademark of Textile Management Associates, applied to a particular kind of artificial turf.” “AstroTurf” is phoney grass.
		The Freedom States Alliance - This group is nothing but a website operated by a PR firm out of Chicago, Mark Karlin and Associates, and funded by the Joyce Foundation.
		GeorgiaPacking.org has a really excellent page that charts the network of astroturf gun control groups here complete with hyperlinks to their sites.
	www.snubnose.info /wordpress/rkba/astroturf (614 words)

	Corporate Engagement: PR bloggers urged to fight against astroturfing
		Astroturfing is "The use of paid shills to create the impression of a popular movement, through means like letters to newspapers from soi-disant 'concerned citizens', paid opinion pieces, and the formation of grass-roots lobbying groups that are actual...
		Astroturfing, as in fake grassroots, is an unethical practice that harms the transparency of communication.
		Astroturfing is the process of building a grassroots campaign covertly by faking support for your campaign when none exists.
	trevorcook.typepad.com /weblog/2006/07/pr_bloggers_urg.html (1402 words)

	Astroturf Public Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		AstroTurf is the world's number one maker of synthetic sports fields...
		Astroturf PR is a type of public relations which attempts to create a false impression that "real...
		Astroturf PR is a type of public relations which attempts to create a false impression...
	www.prprofits.com /2/publicity94.html (575 words)

	PSYOPS Astroturf
		These PR or NGO operations are now even used in covert spying and foreign intrigue.
		An example is Gov (PR) propaganda (lie) planted in say a British or Iraq media, that is then picked up by US-media to placate US citizens.
		These fake citizen activist organizations (PR agencies) use deception and lies, the purpose (is) to con citizens into believing and working against problems that cut into Corporate Profits and Government ambitions.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /RtPriceTag/Astroturf.html (1430 words)

	Young PR » Blog Archive » Join the Anti-Astroturfing Campaign
		We’ve set up an Anti-Astroturfing page at the New PR Wiki to bring together resources about astroturfing, and we’re starting a list there of communicators who oppose the practice.
		[…] Australian PR bloggers Trevor Cook and Paull Young are spearheading a grassroots campaign to persuade PR practitioners worldwide to speak out against an insidious practice known as astroturfing.
		Astroturfing is not only immoral, it is illegal, and public relation agents have been using this method as a means to publicize their product or organization.
	youngie.prblogs.org /2006/07/16/join-the-anti-astroturfing-campaign (1319 words)

	debitage: part of the core tool and scraper tradition
		I guess I'm supposed to be outraged about the prevalence of astroturf letter writing coming from the Bush and Kerry campaigns -- that is, form letters provided by the campaign that supporters sign off on and submit to the letters page of their local newspaper.
		Being written and polished by professional PR people, astroturf letters are as clear as anything a regular citizen is likely to write.
		There's no reason to think that people who send astroturf letters don't fervently believe the campaign talking points that they're attaching their name to.
	www.brunchma.com /~acsumama/blog/archive/2004_08_22_oldblog.html (1431 words)

	Canuckflack / Repurposing the astroturf
		Of course, whether it’s Kentucky bluegrass or astroturf is in the eye of the beholder.
		The charge of astroturfing, because it requires relatively large amounts of money, is frequently associated with big business or right-wing interests.
		Way back in 1997, Mother Jones ran an examination of the astroturf organizations being coordinated by the Global Climate Coalition, an umbrella group apparently organized by the Washington PR outfit Ruder Finn.
	canuckflack.com /2004/03/08/repurposing-the-astroturf (526 words)

	Web 2.0, meet Astroturf 2.0
		More traditional astroturf groups submit their propaganda to local papers for publication as letters to the editor.
		The newer astroturf campaigns profiled by Common Cause are much more Internet savvy, and they're getting more and more sophisticated in their attempts to look like the spontaneous expressions of concerned citizens.
		Astroturf 2.0, as we might call it, makes use of viral marketing techniques like videos and funny cartoons that can be passed around via email.
	arstechnica.com /news.ars/post/20060811-7485.html (625 words)

	astroturf - Center for Media and Democracy
		When White House Budget Director Joshua B. Bolten introduced a "single mom" from Iowa to promote President Bush's plan to dismantle Social Security, she was presented as one of the "regular folks" in favor of private savings accounts.
		The Daily Kos recently uncovered an astroturf (fake grassroots) initiative by the George W. Bush campaign, which generated ghostwritten letters to the editor that found their way into at least 60 newspapers.
		Responding to unknowingly running GOP "astroturf" form letters, the Globe is instituting a new policy to "confirm original authorship on any letter that could be part of an organized campaign." Globe Ombudsman Christine Chinlund writes that while readers may find the fake grassroots letters-to-the-editor offensive, in political campaigning circles, there is bipartisan support.
	www.prwatch.org /taxonomy/term/110/9 (1344 words)

	The Questionable Authority : Why astroturf disclosure legislation is needed:
		In a post earlier today, I discussed a case where an astroturf group is attempting to stir up popular objection to a clause in a bill before the Senate that mandates disclosure of this type of lobbying activity.
		B) In critcizing any group suspected of being astroturf, emphasize the importance of having the group disclose any financial ties to industries or certain people or polical parties, and the importance that the group's finances and membership structure be independantly and publicly auditable (beyond what's legally required, if warranted).
		Yet the PR segment of the operation is controlled by career activists and creates astroturf-type initiatives with the money they raise.
	scienceblogs.com /authority/2007/01/why_astroturf_disclosure_legis.php (2513 words)

	Public Relations and Artificial Grass Roots Coalitions
		Artificially created grassroots coalitions are referred to in the industry as 'astroturf' (after a synthetic grass product).
		Mario Cooper, senior vice president of PR firm Porter/Novelli, says that the challenge for a grassroots specialists is to create the impression that millions of people support their client's view of a particular issue, so that a politician can't ignore it; this means targeting potential supporters and targeting 'persuadable' politicians.
		Edelman PR Worldwide has created such a coalition for Monsanto to oppose the labeling of genetically engineered food.
	www.uow.edu.au /arts/sts/sbeder/PR.html (2255 words)

	Media Watch
		Or, a PR firm will place advertorials in prominent newspapers or trade magazines in an effort to motivate policymakers or journalists.
		Astroturfing involves the creation of faux-grassroots movements in which an interest group hires a PR firm to pay individuals to protest certain actions, or "help" citizens write letters to members of Congress over a particular issue, or, in a recent effort, place false information on prominent websites to whip the blogging community into a frenzy.
		For those who use the web on a regular basis, it is likely that you also have either come across the Slashdot website or you receive their newsletter every day to keep up on technology and politics.
	www.users.muohio.edu /kelleycs/2007/01/bloggers-in-defense-of-astroturf.html (703 words)

	Canuckflack - a Canadian's view of public relations, marketing, design issues, community relations, branding, ...
		Of course, whether it's Kentucky bluegrass or astroturf is in the eye of the beholder.
		The charge of astroturfing, because it requires relatively large amounts of money, is frequently associated with big business or right-wing interests.
		Way back in 1997, Mother Jones ran an examination of the astroturf organizations being coordinated by the Global Climate Coalition, an umbrella group apparently organized by the Washington PR outfit Ruder Finn.
	www.canuckflack.com /archives/000105.html (576 words)

	World-Information.Org
		A: One of the interesting things about the PR industry is that from is very inception its purpose was to control and manipulate the thinking of other people.
		So the best way to respond to PR is simply to expose its activities so that the public is aware of what is being done and also develop alternative responses, in which the techniques of PR are used by genuinely grassroots citizen groups.
		There are in fact PR firms that specialize in going on to the internet both to spy on other peoples’ conversations and sometimes there are firms that go on the internet and impersonate others.
	world-information.org /wio/readme/992003309/1040225515/print (1109 words)

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