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Topic: Astyanax mexicanus

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		The model system we use to study the evolution of eye degeneration is Astyanax mexicanus, a neotropical teleost exhibiting eyed surface populations and eyeless cave populations.
		Evolutionary genetics of cave-dwelling fishes of the genus Astyanax.
		Evolutionary history of surface- and cave-dwelling populations of the teleost Astyanax mexicanus.
	www.life.umd.edu /labs/jeffery/cavefish.html (209 words)

	Astyanax Mexicanus
		Astyanax mexicanus (de Filippi); Hubbs and Echelle 1972; Hatch 1979; Cowley and Sublette 1987.
		mexicanus is distinguished from cyprinids because of the presence of an adipose fin and the retention of teeth (Fuiman, 1984).
		mexicanus is silvery except for a fl lateral stripe of melanophores (Rasquin, 1947) that extends from the caudal base to the center of the caudal fin.
	www.bio.utexas.edu /courses/bio354l/projects/1998/Chris_Elmore/Astyanax_mexicanus.html (1113 words)

	Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus in the Aquaria and the Wild, by James C. Cokendolpher
		Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus in the Aquaria and the Wild, by James C. Cokendolpher
		Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus in Aquaria and the Wild
		The northern-most race of Astyanax fasciatus, contrary to common belief, is an ideal aquarium fish.
	www.nanfa.org /articles/acastya.shtml (1472 words)

	Astyanax mexicanus
		Astyanax: Astyanax jordani Espinosa PÂ©rez et al., 1993 Astyanax fasciatus jordani; (valid as) Astyanax mexicanus jordani; (valid as) Anoptichthys jordani Hubbs and Innes...
		Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus: Although they realised that it was a variety of the Astyanax mexicanus(Now named fasciatus???), it was considered to be far enough developed for it to be named...
		Astyanax mexicanus is a teleost with eyed surface-dwelling and eyeless cave-dwelling forms.
	specieslist.com /fish_species/A/Astyanax_mexicanus.shtml (1442 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Mexican tetra
		The Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) is a freshwater fish of the characin family (family Characidae) of order Characiformes.
		mexicanus is a peaceful species that spends most of its time in the mid-level of the water above the rocky and sandy bottoms of pools and backwaters of creeks and rivers of its native environment.
		mexicanus is famous for its blind cave form, which is known by such names as blind cave tetra, blind tetra, and blind cavefish.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Astyanax_mexicanus (495 words)

	Astyanax validus
		Astyanax: Astyanax unilineatus Poecilurichthys unilineatus Gill, 1858; (valid as) Astyanax validus GÂ©ry, Planquette and Le Bail, 1991 Astyanax venezuelae Schultz, 1944...
		AlmirÃ³n and Casciotta, 2002 Astyanax troya Azpelicueta, Casciotta and AlmirÃ³n, 2002 Astyanax scierus Fowler, 1911 *Astyanax validus GÃ©ry, Planquette and Le Bail...
		Astyanax taeniatus, (Jenyns, 1842), Astyanax trierythropterus, Godoy, 1970, Astyanax validus, GÃ©ry, Planquette and Le Bail, 1991, Astyanax venezuelae, Schultz, 1944,...
	specieslist.com /fish_species/A/Astyanax_validus.shtml (243 words)

	Astyanax fasciatus
		The specific status of the epigean form in the areas surrounding the cave localities for the troglobitic ones is in dispute.
		mexicanus, a rearrangement of Tetragonopterus mexicanus (De Filippi 1853), and Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus.
		Until the taxonomy of the entire genus is fully clarified, the most parsimonious approach is to use the name Astyanax fasciatus, clarifying when necessary whether we refer to the epigean or troglobitic populations.
	www.clt.astate.edu /aromero/new_page_117.htm (585 words)

	BISON Species Account 010555 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus (de Filippi); Knapp 1953: 41 02.
		Astyanax mexicanus (de Filippi); Hubbs and Echelle 1972: 150; Hatch 1978: E-9; Hatch 1979: E-9; Miller 1978: 370; Birkhead 1980: 139; Sublette and Sublette 1980: 479; Propst et al.
		Historically, Astyanax mexicanus was found in the Pecos River drainage downstream from Santa Rosa and in the Rio Grande downstream from Radium Springs.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /states/nmex_main/species/010555.htm (1966 words)

	Blind Cavefish - Astyanax mexicanus
		Aquarium setup: Astyanax mexicanus (Blind Cavefish) are as the name suggest blind and should be kept in a dark aquarium without plants to mimic their natural surroundings.
		Feeding: Astyanax mexicanus (Blind Cavefish) accepts flake food.
		Breeding: Astyanax mexicanus (Blind Cavefish) can be breed in aquariums and the breeding can be stimulated by dropping the water temperature to 20˚C/ 66-68˚F. They are egg scatters: remove the parents from the aquarium and not the eggs since the eggs are very sensitive.
	www.aquaticcommunity.com /encyclopedia-230.html (199 words)

	QRSS Astyanax mexicanus
		mexicanus loitering far within the cave zone, waiting for a new group of cave divers to illuminate additional prey or the means back to a cenote.
		During the 2002 QRSS Convention, Dr. Tom Iliffe from Texas AandM University at Galveston presented a lecture on "Endangered Caves and Cave Animals of the Yucatan Peninsula".
		mexicanus, while proposing a community study on the frequency and effects of Tetra incursions into local caves.
	www.caves.org /project/qrss/A.mexicanus.htm (289 words)

	» Mexican tetra - Astyanax mexicanus
		This is especially true of the blind cave form.
		mexicanus is a peaceful species that spends most of its time in the mid-level of the water above the rocky and sandy bottoms of pools and backwaters of creeks and rivers of its native environment.
		Coming from a subtropical climate, it prefers water with 6.0–7.8 pH, a hardness of up to 30 dGH, and a temperature range of 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F).
	www.tropical-aquariums.com /mexican-tetra-astyanax-mexicanus (242 words)

	The Blind Fish Astyanax Mexicanus
		In an experiment designed by nature, the species of fish known as Astyanax mexicanus, dwelling in caves deep underground off the coast of Mexico, cannot see.
		The pale fish has eyes, but as it is developing in the egg, the eyes begin to degenerate, and the fish is born with a collapsed remnant of an eye covered by flap of skin.
		To test if the eyes of the blind mexicanus could function if given the right environment, scientists removed the lens from the eye of the surface-dwelling fish and implanted it into the eye of the blind fish.
	www.livescience.com /animalworld/top10_vestigial_organs-6.html (208 words)

	Tabin Lab: Meredith Protas
		We are studying the genetic basis of morphological evolution in Astyanax mexicanus, commonly known as the Mexican blind cavefish.
		We are interested in the genetic changes that came about in the evolution of this cave morph; how many genes are responsible for each trait, which genes are affected, what types of mutations are present, and whether the same changes are present in populations that evolved independently.
		There are 31 known different hypogean populations of Astyanax mexicanus some of which are thought to have evolved independently (Romero and Paulson, 2001).
	genetics.med.harvard.edu /~tabin/Meredtith_Protas.htm (523 words)

	UCL Anatomy Dept (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Astyanax Mexicanus exhibits both eyed surface (surface fish: Figure 1) and eyeless cave (cavefish: figure 2) populations.
		Astyanax Mexicanus is a member of the order characiformes.
		My research goal for macroevolution is to reveal the evolutionary developmental mechanisms of those unique characters by comparing their development to the typical tetra development of Astyanax Mexicanus.
	www.anat.ucl.ac.uk /staff/personalpages/yoshiyukiyamamoto.shtml (457 words)

	The following discussion is taken from
		Astyanax mexicanus, the Mexican tetra, a blind cave fish.
		Many cave dwelling animals, such as the fish Astyanax mexicanus (the Mexican tetra) and the salamander species Typhlotriton spelaeus and Proteus anguinus, are blind yet have rudimentary, vestigial eyes (Besharse and Brandon 1976; Durand et al.
		The eyes of the Mexican tetra have a lens, a degenerate retina, a degenerate optic nerve, and a sclera, even though the tetra has no use for them, even though the eyes cannot see (Jeffery 2001).
	daphne.palomar.edu /ccarpenter/vestiges.htm (2649 words)

	An Excess of Astyanax by Paul McFarlane
		Astyanax characins include the common "blind cave fish." Paul was given a related species, Astyanax bimaculatus, which bred.
		The genus Astyanax consists of a large number of species of new world characins.
		The one major exception of course is the blind cave characin which is sometimes called Anoptichthys jordani but which is actually an eyeless, unpigmented form of Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus.
	www.aquarticles.com /articles/breeding/McFarlane_Astyanax.html (894 words)

	Blind Cavefish \| Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus
		Profile - Blind Cave Fish (Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus)
		Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus in the Aquaria and the Wild, by James...
		ASTYANAX FASCIATUS MEXICANUS - AquarioGest - Logiciel pour l'...
	fish.mongabay.com /species/Astyanax_fasciatus_mexicanus.html (330 words)

	California Academy of Sciences - Science Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In one of the world's more recent - and evident - examples of evolution, fish from the species Astyanax fasciatus (a type of tetra) migrated into a system of dark caves in Mexico and lost all need for their eyes, so the useless organs gradually disappeared.
		Now a separate subspecies named Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus, these fish are born with functional eyes, but after about two weeks, the eyes become distorted and partially enclosed in tissue.
		Although a number of physiological changes have taken place since these fish moved into their flened home, they split off from their seeing relatives recently enough that the two subspecies can still interbreed.
	www.calacademy.org /science_now/archive/wild_lives/blindcavefish.html (253 words)

	Blind Cave Tetra Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus Tim's Tropicals
		Blind Cave Tetra Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus Tim's Tropicals
		The scientific name was originally Anoptichthys jordani, but it is now classified as Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus.
		The Blind Cave Tetra is a northern sub species and is found in cave waters in Texas and Mexico.
	www.timstropicals.com /inventory/TetraLarge/BlindCaveInfo.asp (384 words)

	Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus
		Fasciatus means striped, mexicanus refers to the country of origin.
		Later insights probably redefined this Genus, and it was placed "Back" in the Astyanax Genus.
		The reason for the species name change to it's current name(literally:striped mexican astyanax) is that it's now considered a subspecies of Astyanax fasciatus fasciatus.
	aquaworld.netfirms.com /Characoidei/American/Astyanax_fasciatus_mexicanus.htm (150 words)

	Carp Anglers Group Forums > New species of carp.
		At maturity, the Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus reaches an average size of seven to nine centimetres.
		It is thought that this deposit represents the remains of Astyanax meals dating from when they were first introduced into the tank.
		Genetic drift experiments suggest that this would have occurred soon after the building was commissioned in 1874. The culprit was unknown, but the Society used to have a museum and one of the curators — perhaps with an interest in exotic pets - might have done the deed, according to Society Archivist, Andrew Mussell.
	www.carpanglersgroup.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t7442.html (650 words)

	New eyes for blind cave fish?
		So far, all the examples studied (including the handful of ‘helpful defects’, like the loss of eyes in cave fish, or wingless beetles on windy islands [see Beetle bloopers]) show a loss of information.
		The fascinating experiment (by researchers from the University of Maryland, USA) that has brought blind cave fish back into the news was one in which young eyeless fish had lenses implanted in them from the same species of fish (Astyanax mexicanus) living at the surface.
		Eight days later, the blind fish seemed to be regrowing eyes.
	www.answersingenesis.org /docs2/4361news8-9-2000.asp (1575 words)

	Developmental Biology Online: Apoptosis and the Removal of Unneeded Cells
		Molecular data show that some of the eyed surface members of Astyanax entered caves during the Pleistocene period.
		Avise, J. and Selander, R. Evolutionary genetics of cave-dwelling fishes of the genus Astyanax.
		Cahn, P. Comparative optic development in Astyanax mexicanus and in two of its blind cave derivatives.
	www.devbio.com /article.php?ch=6&id=62 (854 words)

	cooltech.iafrica.com \| coolscience Secret of the cavefish brought to light
		The blind cavefish, a curiosity of nature, has a clever genetic trick that destroys its sight, thus giving itself an advantage in a pitch-dark watery world, scientists believe.
		Astyanax mexicanus lives in deep, lightless caves off the Mexican coast.
		Soon after the cavefish starts developing in the egg, its eyes begin to degenerate and the fish is born blind.
	cooltech.iafrica.com /science/353289.htm (372 words)

	Newswise
		Eye parts of a blind cave fish lost during the past million years of evolution were restored in just a matter of days after a lens transplant from a sighted surface-dwelling fish of the same species (Astyanax mexicanus), according to a University of Maryland report in the July 28 Science.
		Eye parts lost during the past million years of evolution were restored in just a matter of days after a lens transplant from a sighted surface-dwelling fish of the same species (Astyanax mexicanus), according to a University of Maryland biology research report featured in the July 28 issue of Science.
		This eye-opening result sheds light on understanding the role of genetic factors in eye growth and development according to William Jeffery, Maryland professor and biology chair, who coauthored the Science paper with Yoshiyuki Yamamoto, a postdoctoral researcher in Maryland's biology department.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view?id=FISHEYES.UMD (633 words)

	BAC Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Perhaps best known for its eyeless form (blind cavefish), the Mexican tetra is used as a model for studying the evolution of developmental pathways associated with adaptation to subterranean habitats.
		With support from the National Science Foundation (IBN #0208343) the HCGS has constructed a BAC library from a surface form of Astyanax.
		The fish were supplied by Dr. Richard Borowsky (Dept. of Biology, New York University).
	hcgs.unh.edu /BAC/Astyanax.html (146 words)

	The Terrapin Times Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Yoshiyoki Yamamoto, formerly a post-doctoral student at the university, and David Stock, from the University of Colorado, sonic (ssh) and tiggy winkle (twhh) hedgehog genes are key to why these fish don't develop sight during early development, according to recent studies released by William Jeffrey, a university biology professor.
		Cave-dwelling animals often lose vision during evolution because of their constant exposure to darkness; the blind cavefish, known in the scientific community as Astyanax Mexicanus descended from ancestors with sight.
		The Astyanax Mexicanus is a good species for studying evolution, Jeffrey says, according to a university press release.
	www.theterrapintimes.com /1104fish.html (514 words)

	Red/green-sensitive opsin signature
		Q90226 GREEN OPSIN - ASTYANAX FASCIATUS (BLIND CAVE FISH) (ASTYANAX MEXICANUS).
		OPSH_ASTFA GREEN-SENSITIVE OPSIN 2 (GREEN CONE PHOTORECEPTOR PIGMENT) - ASTYANAX FASCIATUS (BLIND CAVE FISH) (ASTYANAX MEXICANUS).
		OPSG_ASTFA GREEN-SENSITIVE OPSIN 1 (GREEN CONE PHOTORECEPTOR PIGMENT) - ASTYANAX FASCIATUS (BLIND CAVE FISH) (ASTYANAX MEXICANUS).
	umber.sbs.man.ac.uk /dbbrowser/gpcrPRINTS/PR00575.html (599 words)

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