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Topic: Ataxia

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	Ataxia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ataxia (from Greek ataxiā, meaning failure to put in order) is unsteady and clumsy motion of the limbs or trunk due to a failure of the gross coordination of muscle movements.
		People with ataxia experience a failure of muscle control in their arms and legs, resulting in a lack of balance and coordination or a disturbance of gait.
		Many ataxias are hereditary and are classified by chromosomal location and pattern of inheritance: autosomal dominant, in which the affected person inherits a normal gene from one parent and a faulty gene from the other parent; and autosomal recessive, in which both parents pass on a copy of the faulty gene.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ataxia (340 words)

	Dr. Koop - Friedreich's Ataxia- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Ataxia is defined as the failure of muscle coordination that generally results in an unsteady gait and balance, limb or eye movements, and/or speech.
		Friedreich's Ataxia is named after a German neurologist, Nikolaus Friedreich, who, in 1863, described this rare, inherited disease to the medical community.
		Friedreich's Ataxia is caused by an abnormality in one of the genes, called X25, located in the ninth chromosome pair.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/13.html (721 words)

	Ataxia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Unlike spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, or 3, individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 tend not to have pyramidal, extrapyramidal, or bulbar symptoms, although a mild neuropathy may be clinically detected (Ishikawa et al 1999).
		Ataxia telangiectasia is a disorder of DNA repair with autosomal recessive inheritance and usually features a number of systemic symptoms in addition to ataxia (including telangiectasias of the skin or conjunctiva and immune deficiency with recurrent infections).
		Friedreich ataxia is more common in individuals of French-Canadian or Acadian descent, probably due to a founder effect (the presence of an otherwise uncommon inherited disease gene in a progenitor of a physically or culturally isolated population, which then increases in frequency within that isolated population over succeeding generations).
	www.medlink.com /scip.asp?suser=9999&uid=mlt000mz (5164 words)

	Friedreich's Ataxia Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		Friedreich's ataxia is an inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system resulting in symptoms ranging from gait disturbance and speech problems to heart disease.
		The ataxia of Friedreich's ataxia results from the degeneration of nerve tissue in the spinal cord and of nerves that control muscle movement in the arms and legs.
		If both parents are carriers of the Friedreich's ataxia gene, their children will have a 1 in 4 chance of having the disease and a 1 in 2 chance of inheriting one abnormal gene that they, in turn, could pass on to their children.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/friedreichs_ataxia/detail_friedreichs_ataxia.htm (1974 words)

	Hereditary Ataxia Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The hereditary ataxias are a group of genetic disorders characterized by slowly progressive incoordination of gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements.
		The hereditary ataxias are categorized by mode of inheritance and causative gene or chromosomal locus.
		Prevalence of the autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs) in the Netherlands is estimated to be 3/100,000 population at a mininum [
	www.geneclinics.org /profiles/ataxias/details.html (2224 words)

	ataxia - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia
		Ataxia is incoordination caused by dysfunction to sensory nerve inputs, motor nerve outputs or the processing of them.
		Ataxia is most often applied to unsteadiness in walking but it also refers to upper body incoordination and dysfunction in eye movements and speech.
		Ataxia is common in multiple sclerosis but is also seen in several other conditions including diabetic polyneuropathy, acute transverse myelitis, vacuolar myelopathy, tumor or cord compression and hereditary forms of ataxia.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /ataxia.html (315 words)

	ataxia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ataxia describes a lack of ability to move the muscles in a coordinated fashion.
		Ataxia may cause problems with everyday activities, such as tying a shoelace or driving a car.
		Ataxia itself may cause a person to walk awkwardly, with irregular movements.
	www.northmemorial.com /healthencyclopedia/content/3121.asp (687 words)

	MEDSTUDENTS-NEUROLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ataxia is incoordination or clumsiness of movement that is not the result of muscular weakness.
		Lesions of the midline vermis and fastigial nuclei cause a clinical syndrome characterized by nystagmus oscillation of the head and trunk(titubation), gait ataxia and instability of stance.
		Another important find is that the vestibular ataxia is gravity-dependent, which means that incoordination of limb movements cannot be demonstrated when the patient is examined lying down but becomes apparent when the patient attempts to stand or walk.
	www.medstudents.com.br /neuro/neuro2.htm (871 words)

	Inclusive Technology - Useful Websites & Contacts - Ataxia
		Broadly speaking, the word "ataxia" simply means unsteadiness and clumsiness, and has been given to the condition because those are usually the earliest symptoms.
		Ataxia was started in 1964 (as Friedreich's Ataxia Group) by parents and relatives, friends of people with Ataxia, doctors and scientists.
		Ataxia is a registered charity with branches in England Scotland and Northern Ireland, as well as a number of self-help groups.
	www.inclusive.co.uk /support/ataxia.shtml (143 words)

	Ataxia
		The National Ataxia Foundation is a nonprofit organization established in 1957 with the primary mission of encouraging and supporting research into Hereditary Ataxia, a group of neurological disorders which are chronic and progressive conditions affecting coordination.
		Ataxia means walking with an unsteady gait caused by the failure of muscular coordination or irregularity of muscular action.
		Marie's Ataxia is a neuromuscular syndrome inherited as a dominant trait.
	www.alaska.net /~mnewell/html/ataxia.html (2392 words)

	Acute cerebellar ataxia Encyclopedia Search - Drug Price Search
		Ataxia may affect movement of the trunk (axial) or limbs.
		Limb ataxia manifests itself with poor fine motor control of the hands or legs and appears as though the person is able to coordinate his or her movements.
		The diagnosis of acute cerebellar ataxia is made by excluding other causes of ataxia, and by taking a history of a recent illness.
	www.drug-price-search.com /encyclopedia/?encyclopedia_name_url=148&level=2 (344 words)

	National Ataxia Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ataxia is also used to denote a group of specific degenerative diseases of the nervous system called the hereditary and sporadic ataxias which are the National Ataxia Foundationâs primary emphases.
		Each child of a parent with a autosomal dominant ataxia gene has a 50% chance of inheriting the ataxia gene and a 50% chance of not inheriting the gene and, therefore, be free of ataxia.
		Both parents must be carriers of the disease gene and each must pass on the ataxia gene to their child for the double dose that is needed to produce symptoms of a recessive disease.
	www.ataxia.org /home.htm (1802 words)

	Ataxia
		Most often, ataxia is caused by loss of function in the part of the brain which serves as the "coordination center", which is the cerebellum.
		Ataxia may also be caused by dysfunction of the pathways leading into and out of the cerebellum.
		If ataxia is due to a stroke, a low vitamin level, or exposure to a toxic drug or chemical, then treatment would include treatment of the stroke, vitamin therapy, or avoiding the toxic drug or chemical.
	www.geocities.com /bcataxia/ataxia.htm (817 words)

	Ataxia (Ataxia-telangiectasia)
		Friedreich's Ataxia (FA) is the most common inherited ataxia, with symptoms generally appearing between the ages of 8 and 15.
		Ataxia can be caused by birth trauma, a congenital disorder, infection, a degenerative disorder, tumor, exposure to a toxic substance, or head injury.
		Congenital ataxia is an autosomal recessive disease, which means that both parents must carry the defective gene and a child must inherit one defective gene copy from each parent to develop symptoms.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /childrens/healthinfo/a/ataxia.htm (1093 words)

	Friedreich's Ataxia Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		Friedreich's ataxia is an inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system resulting in symptoms ranging from muscle weakness and speech problems to heart disease.
		Ataxia results from the degeneration of nerve tissue in the spinal cord and of nerves that control muscle movement in the arms and legs.
		Generally, within 15 to 20 years after the appearance of the first symptoms, the person is confined to a wheelchair, and in later stages of the disease, individuals become completely incapacitated.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/friedreichs_ataxia/friedreichs_ataxia.htm (622 words)

	FRIEDREICHS ATAXIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This condition is caused by degeneration of nerve tissue in the spinal cord and of nerves that extend to peripheral areas such as the arms and legs.
		The ataxia in the arms, head, and neck continue to worsen during the non ambulatory stage and it becomes increasingly difficult to sit upright.
		As with all inherited diseases, Friedreich's Ataxia is caused by a genetic defect.
	www.mda.org.au /specific/mdafa.html (996 words)

	Friedreich Ataxia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is characterized by slowly progressive ataxia with onset usually before the age of 25 years typically associated with depressed tendon reflexes, dysarthria, Babinski responses, and loss of position and vibration senses.
		Friedreich ataxia shows complete penetrance in those who are homozygous for typical GAA repeat expansions or who are compound heterozygous for an expansion and another deleterious mutation.
		Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) (oculomotor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia; early-onset cerebellar ataxia with hypoalbuminemia) is characterized by childhood onset of slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, followed by oculomotor apraxia and a severe primary motor peripheral neuropathy leading to quadriplegia.
	www.geneclinics.org /profiles/friedreich/details.html (5580 words)

	Friedreich ataxia - Genetics Home Reference
		Friedreich ataxia is a genetic condition that damages nerve tissue, causing a loss of muscle coordination (ataxia) that worsens over time.
		Mutations in the FXN gene cause Friedreich ataxia.
		Friedreich ataxia is caused by a mutation in which a DNA segment, known as the GAA triplet repeat, is abnormally expanded within the FXN gene.
	ghr.nlm.nih.gov /condition=friedreichataxia (622 words)

	Spinocerebellar ataxia
		Persons with spinocerebellar ataxia, of which there are several types, experience a degeneration of the spinal cord and the cerebellum, the small fissured mass at the base of the brain, behind the brain stem.
		The basic defect in all types of spinocerebellar ataxia is a an expansion of a CAG triplet repeat.
		In the case of spinocerebellar ataxia I, the gene is SCA1, found on chromosome 6.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=gnd.section.218 (210 words)

	Friedreich's ataxia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ataxia is a condition marked by impaired coordination.
		Friedreich's ataxia is the most common inherited ataxia, affecting between 3,000-5,000 people in the United States.
		Ataxia in the arms follows, usually within several years, leading to decreased hand-eye coordination.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/friedreichs_ataxia.jsp (930 words)

	Ataxia
		Ataxia is a symptom, not a specific disease or diagnosis.
		Ataxia may affect the fingers and hands, the arms or legs, the body, speech or eye movements.
		This loss of coordination may be caused by a number of different medical or neurologic conditions; for this reason, it is important that a person with ataxia seek medical attention to determine the underlying cause of the symptom and to get the appropriate treatment.
	internaf.org /ataxia.html (183 words)

	Euro-Ataxia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From 1982 on ataxia groups were set up in many more countries, in Italy, Germany, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, and other countries.
		Because genetic research is very expensive and the ataxias are rare disorders, it calls for international cooperation.
		A major side effect of this 'internationalization' was that the relations between different national ataxia groups, which until then were predominantly based on personal contacts between individual members, became stronger.
	www.euro-ataxia.org (248 words)

	Spinocerebellar Ataxia
		There is ataxia of all four limbs associated with cerebellar dysarthria, absent reflexes in the lower limbs, sensory loss and pyramidal signs.
		It is characterized by episodic ataxia (of course), rebound nystagmus, saccadic overshoot dysmetria, abnormal pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus, and normal semicircular canal responses.
		It is characterized by incoordination, ataxic dysarthria, impaired smooth pursuit, horizontal nystagmus, and atrophy of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres.
	www.dizziness-and-balance.com /disorders/central/cerebellar/sca.htm (3256 words)

	MDVU - Pediatric Movement Disorders - Ataxia
		When ataxia affects mechanisms of walking, there will be instability with a tendency to fall.
		The gait may appear "drunken." Balance may also be affected; the child may fall spontaneously or be unable to compensate for variations in the ground or a mild push from the side.
		In this form of speech, the voice is relatively monotone, often with a breathy sound accompanied by unusual accelerations or pauses between syllables.
	www.mdvu.org /library/pediatric/ataxia (346 words)

	Ataxia - PetPlace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ataxia may be defined as the inability to coordinate the voluntary movement of muscles.
		Ataxia may occur due to disorders of the nervous system or musculoskeletal system.
		Be prepared to tell your veterinarian when the problem began, if the ataxia is constant or intermittent, your birds chewing habits, the type of diet your bird is on, and of any potential exposure to other birds.
	www.petplace.com /birds/ataxia/page1.aspx (554 words)

	Ataxia Telangiectasia
		Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a complex genetic neurodegenerative disorder that may become apparent during infancy or early childhood.
		In those with AT, progressive ataxia typically develops during infancy and may initially be characterized by abnormal swaying of the head and trunk.
		Ataxia is often accompanied by difficulty speaking (dysarthria); drooling; and an impaired ability to coordinate certain eye movements (oculomotor apraxia), including the occurrence of involuntary, rapid, rhythmic motions (oscillations) of the eyes while attempting to focus upon certain objects (fixation nystagmus).
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/nord/nord406.htm (559 words)

	BBC - Health - Conditions - Ataxia
		Ataxia can be caused by many things, including multiple sclerosis, brain tumours and alcoholism.
		Friedrich's ataxia is caused by a fault in the gene that codes for a protein known as frataxin.
		Many of the autosomal dominance ataxias are known as spinocerebellar ataxias and we now know of 25 different spinocerebellar ataxias.
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/conditions/ataxia1.shtml (384 words)

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