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	Informat.io on Atbarah River
		The Atbarah River (Arabic: نهر عطبرة; transliterated: Nahr 'Atbarah) in northeast Africa rises in northwest Ethiopia, approximately 50 km north of Lake Tana and 30 km west of Gondar.
		Its tributary, the Tekezé River (Amharic: "Terrible"), is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the Tekezé follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers (at 14° 10' N., 36° E) in northeastern Sudan.
		A major battle was fought beside the river in April 1898 between forces of the Khalifa of Sudan and the British Empire, which resulted in the Khalifa's 20,000-strong detachment being destroyed by the British.
	www.informat.io /?title=atbarah-river (255 words)

	Sudan Rivers
		The longest river in the world, the Nile flows for 6,737 kilometers from its farthest headwaters in central Africa to the Mediterranean.
		In southeast Sudan, the Sobat River drains an area of western Ethiopia and the hills near the Sudan-Uganda border.
		The Atbarah River, flowing out of Ethiopia, is the only tributary north of Khartoum, and its waters reach the Nile for only the six months between July and December.
	www.country-studies.com /sudan/rivers.html (562 words)

	The Nile River Valley and Delta
		The Nile River Valley and Delta, the most extensive oasis on earth, was created by the world's longest river and its seemingly inexhaustible sources.
		Thus, before the Aswan High Dam was completed in 1971, the White Nile watered the Egyptian stretch of the river throughout the year, whereas the Blue Nile, carrying seasonal rain from Ethiopia, caused the Nile River to overflow its banks and deposit a layer of fertile mud over adjacent fields.
		The dams have also affected the Nile River Valley's fertility, which was dependent for centuries not only on the water brought to the arable land but also on the materials left by the water.
	www.travel-to-egypt.net /nile-river.html (893 words)

	Geography of Ethiopia: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Such are the Tekezé River in the north, the Abay in the center, and the Sobat in the south, and about four-fifths of the entire drainage is discharged through these three arteries.
		The Tekezé River, which is the true upper course of the Atbarah River, has its headwaters in the central tableland; and falls from about 7000 to 2500 ft (2,100 to 750 m).
		The chief rivers of Somalia, the Webi Shabele and the Jubba, have their rise on the south-eastern slopes of the Ethiopian escarpment, and part of their course is through territory belonging to Ethiopia.
	advantacell.com /wiki/Geography_of_Ethiopia (3367 words)

	Geography of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Sudanese Nile salient, a finger-shape area along the Nile River (Nahr an Nil) north of the twenty-second parallel, is nearly covered by Lake Nasser, which was created when the Aswan High Dam was constructed in the 1960s.
		The Nile is; a combination of three long rivers whose sources are in central Africa: the; White Nile, the; Blue Nile, and the; Atbarah.
		The much shorter Atbarah River, which also originates in Ethiopia, joins the main Nile north of Khartoum between the fifth and sixth cataracts (areas of steep rapids) and provides about 14% of the Nile's waters in Egypt.
	en.encyclopediahome.com /wiki/Geography_of_Egypt (2814 words)

	UniMaps.com - Map of Africa, today
		River, tributary of the Congo River, central Congo.
		River, tributary of Niger River, Côte d'Ivoire and Mali
		River, tributary of Luapula, thence the Congo river, northern Zambia
	unimaps.com /placelist-africa.html (3302 words)

	Tekezé River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Tekezé River is a major river of Ethiopia, and forms a section the westernmost border of Ethiopia and Eritrea for part of its course.
		The Tekezé River rises in the central highlands of Ethiopia near Mount Qachen, from where it flows west, north, then west again, forming the westernmost border of Ethiopia and Eritrea.
		The Tekezé is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the former follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers.
	supplement-vitamin.zhri-msn.com /wiki/Setit (352 words)

	Sudan
		Communities in the river valley and savanna, fearful for their safety, formed tribal organizations and adopted Arab protectors.
		Not only do nomads come to the river to water their herds and cultivators to drain off its waters for their fields, but the Nile facilitates trade, administration, and urbanization.
		Consequently, the confluence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile became the administrative center of a vast hinterland because the area commanded the river, its commerce, and its urban society.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/sudan/all.html (18566 words)

	NBI - NELSAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Ruvyironza, regarded as the ultimate source of the Nile, is one of the upper branches of the Kagera River.
		The river leaves the northern end of Lake Albert as the Albert Nile, flows through northern Uganda, and at the Sudan border becomes the Bahr al Jabal.
		At its junction with the Bahr al Ghazal, the river becomes the Bahr al Abyad, or the White Nile.
	www.nilebasin.org /nelsap/the_nile.htm (500 words)

	EXAMPLE
		It is divided into three separate natural regions, ranging from desert in the north, covering about 30 percent of all Sudan, through a vast semiarid region of steppes and low mountains in central Sudan, to a region of vast swamps (the As Sudd region) and rain forest in the south.
		Large areas of cultivable land are situated in the region between the Blue Nile and the 'Atbarah and between the Blue Nile and the White Nile.
		Elephants are numerous in the southern forests, and crocodiles and hippopotamuses abound in the rivers.
	www.aasa.00go.com /Sudan.html (662 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Butana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is bordered by the Nile from Khartoum to Atbarah, by the Atbarah River from Atbarah to Ethiopia, by the Ethiopian border from the Atbarah River to the Blue Nile, and by the Blue Nile from Ethiopia to Khartoum.
		It includes most of the state of Al Qadarif plus parts of the states of Kassala, River Nile, Khartoum, Al Jazirah and Sennar.
		The city of Meroe was about halfway between Atbarah and Khartoum, on the east side of the Nile river.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Butana (194 words)

	The Nile River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Nile is the longest river in the world, stretching north from 4,000 miles from East Africa to the Mediterranean Sea.
		The White Nile, one of the upper branches of the Kagera River, is regarded as the ultimate source of the Nile.
		The river leaves the northern end of Lake Albert as the Albert Nile, flows through nothern Uganda and at the Sudan border becomes Bahr Al-Jabal(Al-Jabal Sea).
	elassadt.tripod.com (484 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Darfur
		The Tunjur sultans intermarried with the Fur and sultan Soleiman (reigned c.1596 to c.1637) is considered the founder of the Keira dynasty.
		Darfur became a great power of the Sahel under the Keira dynasty, expanding its borders as far east as the Atbarah River and attracting immigrants from Bornu and Bagirmi.
		During the mid-18th century the country was wracked by conflict between rival factions, and external war with Sennar and Wadai.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Darfur (1509 words)

	Family Bible Fellowship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The land of Egypt is divided into five basic parts, four deserts and the Nile river valley and delta.
		The salt water disrupts the animal habitat and sterilizes the soil in the northern Delta region where the banks of the Nile are becoming badly eroded.
		- the width of the Nile River valley averages 12 miles, until the Delta region is approached.
	www.familybiblefellowship.org /articles.php?id=105 (320 words)

	Nile
		The river has been Egypt's lifeline for millenniums, fertilizing the narrow strip of land along its bank with a deposit of silt after each annual inundation - now controlled by the High Dam at Aswan.
		The Ruvyironza, regarded as the ultimate source of the Nile, is one of the upper branches of the Kagera River in Tanzania.
		The Nile river valley is home to a host of wildlife, including Nile crocodile, hippopotamuses, more than 300 species of birds, and numerous fish species.
	www.egyptlovers.8m.net /nileriver.htm (1005 words)

	First Descents
		The 470-mile-long Tekeze River, from its headwaters near 13,881-foot Mt. Guna in northern Ethiopia to its confluence with the Atbarah, the last major tributary to the Nile, crosses Ethiopia's northern highlands while forming the border between the provinces of Eritrea and Gonder.
		Below this bridge, the river gentles, and its name changes to the Satit and then to the Atbarah as it flows another 2,100 miles to the Nile and Mediterranean Sea.
		It was during my first year in Africa that I tackled a river at flood, the Baro, and it was the wrong spate at the wrong time.
	www.paddlermagazine.com /issues/1998_3/descents.html (1897 words)

	AllRefer.com - Egypt - Nile Valley and Delta \| Egyptian Information Resource
		The Nile is a combination of three long rivers whose sources are in central Africa: the White Nile, the Blue Nile, and the Atbarah.
		Unlike the White Nile, the Blue Nile carries a considerable amount of sediment; for several kilometers north of Khartoum, water closer to the eastern bank of the river is visibly muddy and comes from the Blue Nile, while the water closer to the western bank is clearer and comes from the White Nile.
		The much shorter Atbarah River, which also originates in Ethiopia, joins the main Nile north of Khartoum between the fifth and sixth cataracts (areas of steep rapids) and provides about 14 percent of the Nile's waters in Egypt.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/egypt/egypt60.html (1196 words)

	Atbarah (
		‘Atbarah is a rail junction and trade center in an area producing cotton, wheat, corn, barley, and livestock.
		The Nile River - The Nile River By: Chrissy Anderson You may think that the Nile River is just the longest river in the world.
		The Nile River - The Nile River The Nile River is the longest river in the world, stretching for 4,187 miles.
	members.tripod.com /~abdelaati/atbara.html (859 words)

	Rivers That Flow North (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		And even in an era where traveling by river is uncommon we speak of "downriver" and "upriver", and we know that "upriver" (or "up the creek") means against the current, while downriver, with the current, is much easier going.
		For a good example of a large, famous river that loops around in all sorts of directions, look closely at a map of the Ohio River, which flows mainly west-southwest for 981 miles from Pittsburgh until it meets the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois.
		Other north-flowing rivers in that area are the Unare and Cuyuni, the Magdalena in Colombia, the Berbice and Essequibo rivers in Guyana, the Corantyne or Corantin on the border between Guyana and Suriname, the Mana in French Guyana.
	www.geocities.com /loisnotlane/rivers.html (3905 words)

	Nubia 2 - Crystalinks
		By 1821 the Funj and the sultan of Darfur had surrendered to his forces, and the Nilotic Sudan from Nubia to the Ethiopian foothills and from the 'Atbarah River to Darfur became part of his expanding empire.
		The collection of taxes under Muhammad 'Ali's regime amounted to virtual confiscation of gold, livestock, and slaves, and opposition to his rule became intense, eventually erupting into rebellion and the murder of Isma'il and his bodyguard.
		His Anglo-Egyptian forces defeated a large Mahdist army at the 'Atbarah River on April 8, 1898.
	www.crystalinks.com /nubia2.html (4335 words)

	Geography of Egypt - Physical Size, Borders, Regions, Climate
		The Sudanese Nile salient, a finger-shaped area along the Nile River (Nahr an Nil) north of the twenty-second parallel, is nearly covered by Lake Nasser, which was created when the Aswan High Dam was constructed in the 1960s.
		Thus, before the Aswan High Dam was completed in 1971, the White Nile watered the Egyptian stretch of the river throughout the year, whereas the Blue Nile, carrying seasonal rain from Ethiopia, caused the Nile to overflow its banks and deposit a layer of fertile mud over adjacent fields.
		The reduction in annual silt deposits has contributed to rising water tables and increasing soil salinity in the Delta, the erosion of the river's banks in Upper Egypt, and the erosion of the alluvial fan along the shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
	worldfacts.us /Egypt-geography.htm (2907 words)

	Winne.com - Report on Sudan, Beyond Common Perceptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In the Sudan the river plays an essential role in every day life, but it also has symbolic meaning, as the locals say that whoever drinks from the Nile will for sure return to the Sudan.
		From its remotest head stream, the Ruvyironza River in Burundi, the river is 6671 km (4145 mi) long.
		For thousands of years, the Nile's yearly flood, the result of August rains in the Ethiopian highlands and the runoff from snowmelt in the Mountains of the Moon, flooded the Nile delta in Egypt.
	www.winne.com /sudan/bf03.html (908 words)

	Sudan - SOCIETY
		In the early 1990s, the Nubians were the second most significant Muslim group in Sudan, their homeland being the Nile River valley in far northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
		In the mid-1960s, in anticipation of the flooding of their lands after the construction of the Aswan High Dam, 35,000 to 50,000 Nile Nubians resettled at Khashm al Qirbah on the Atbarah River in what was then Kassala Province.
		The largest group was the Hadendowa, but the Bisharin had the most territory, with settled tribes living on the Atbarah River in the far south of the Beja range and nomads living in the north.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/sudan/SOCIETY.html (19378 words)

	Sudan - AGRICULTURE
		Among the first efforts to employ irrigation for modern commercial cropping was the use of the floodwaters of the Qash River and the Baraka River (both of which originate in Ethiopia) in eastern Sudan to grow cotton on their deltas.
		This project was started in the late 1860s by the Egyptian governor and continued until interrupted by the turbulent period of the 1880s, leading to the reconquest of the country by the British in 1899.
		In 1937 a dam was built by the Anglo-Egyptian condominium upstream from Khartoum on the White Nile at Jabal al Awliya to regulate the supply of water to Egypt during the August to April period of declining flow.
	countrystudies.us /sudan/55.htm (3966 words)

	NILE26
		The second group is the Semliki River tributaries mainly flowing Zaire and Uganda contributing 8.5 bn cb meters annually before they join the other group north of lake Albert to form Bahr el-Jabal which holds 50 bn c meters.
		Britain in 1891 signed a protocol with Italy - which was acting on behalf of Ethiopia- forbidding the constructions of any projects that would affect the flow of water in the Atbarah river - which discharges into the Blue Nile -.
		According to this treaty, Egypt has the right to inspect any part of the River Nile, from its distant beginnings before the streams discharge into Central African and Ethiopian mountain lakes all the way to the Mediterranean.
	www.mideastnews.com /NILE26.htm (1177 words)

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