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	Polyalphabetic cipher - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		Even Alberti's implementation of his polyalphabetic cypher was rather easy to break (the capitalized letter is a major clue to the cryptanalyst).
		Polyalphabetic substitution cypher designers seem to have concentrated on obscuring the choice of a few such alphabets (repeating as needed), not on the increased security possible by using many and never repeating any.
		It was not until the mid-1800s (in Babbage's secret work during the Crimean War) and Friedrich Kasiski's generally equivalent public disclosure some years later, that cryptanalysis of well-implemented polyalphabetic cyphers got anywhere at all.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Polyalphabetic_cipher (470 words)

	rotor machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		Early systems (eg, the Atbash cypher and the Caesar cypher) used very simple systems for such substitutions, typically replacing any instance of a particular letter, say A, with another, say X. There are other possible cypher systems which do not use this (or any related scheme), as for instance transposition ciphers.
		Although some of these cyphers were indeed more secure (ie, harder for an adversary to break), they had problems of their own.
		The Germans developed the Fish cyphers, one by Lorenz Electric and another jointly by Siemens and Halske, and the Allies the Typex (British) and the SIGABA (American).
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /rotor_machine.html (2324 words)

	Station Information - Cryptography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		The Greeks of Classical times are said to have known of cyphers (eg, the scytale transposition cypher claimed to have been used by the Spartan military).
		By World War II mechanical and electromechanical cryptographic cypher machines were in wide use, although where these were impractical manual systems continued to be used.
		Other cypher machines used in WWII included the British Type X and the American SIGABA; both were electromechanical rotor designs similar in spirit to the Enigma.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/c/cr/cryptography_1.html (3960 words)

	Cryptography:Atbash cipher - Wikibooks
		Atbash is an ancient encryption system created in the Middle East.
		The Atbash cipher is a simple substitution cipher that relies on transposing all the letters in the alphabet such that the resulting alphabet is backwards.
		As one can see, and as mentioned previously, the Atbash cipher offers no security once the cipher method is found.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Cryptography:Atbash_cipher (132 words)

	4Reference \|\| Cryptography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		Bletchley Park called them the Fish cyphers, and Max Newman and colleagues designed and deployed the world's first programmable electronic computer, the Colossus, to help with those cypher systems.
		DES was the first publicly accessible cypher algorithm to be 'blessed' by a national crypto agency such as NSA.
		All of the electromechanical machines used in WWII were of this logical class, as were the Caesar and Atbash cyphers and essentially all cypher and code systems throughout history.
	www.4reference.net /encyclopedias/wikipedia/Cryptography.html (3765 words)

	Atbash cipher
		Atbash is a simple substitution cipher in Hebrew.
		It consists of substituting aleph (the first letter) for tav (the last), beth (the second) for shin (one before last), and so on, reversing the alphabet.
		A couple of words in the Book of Jeremiah, Leb Kamai and Sheshakh, are atbash for Kasdim (Chaldeans) and Babel respectively, probably written thus.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/atbash_cipher (141 words)

	Rotor machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		Early systems (eg, the Atbash cypher andthe Caesar cypher) used very simple systems for such substitutions,typically replacing any instance of a particular letter, say A, with another, say X. There are other possible cypher systemswhich do not use this (or any related scheme), as for instance transposition cyphers.
		Although some of these cyphers were indeed more secure (ie, harder for an adversary to break), they had problems of their own.Since the encryption was based on a pattern of substitution, if the details of that pattern could be discovered, decrypting themessage would necessarily follow.
		The Germans developed the Fish cyphers, one by Lorenz Electric and another jointly by Siemens and Halske, andthe Allies the Typex (British) and the SIGABA (American).
	www.therfcc.org /rotor-machine-72544.html (2131 words)

	Rotor machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		Early systems (eg the Atbash cypher the Caesar cypher) used very simple systems for such typically replacing any instance of a particular say A with another say X. There other possible cypher systems which do not this (or any related scheme) as for transposition ciphers.
		Although some of these cyphers were indeed secure (ie harder for an adversary to they had problems of their own.
		The Germans developed the Fish cyphers one by Lorenz Electric and another by Siemens and Halske and the Allies Typex (British) and the SIGABA (American).
	www.freeglossary.com /Rotor_cypher_machine (2117 words)

	Cryptography-Digest Digest #605
		The cypher was designed with strength in mind, but not much concern for speed.
		Sapphire2 (do not confuse with the original version, which was shown to have a weakness) is a stream cypher which is designed to be both fast, and moderately strong.
		As for whether these cyphers are good for the future - it depends on what you intend to use them for.
	www.mail-archive.com /cryptography-digest@senator-bedfellow.mit.edu/msg04801.html (3071 words)

	Cryptography:History of Cryptography - Wikibooks
		By World War II mechanical and electromechanical cryptographic cypher machines were in wide use, but they were impractical manual systems.
		The German Foreign Office began to use the one-time pad in 1919; some of this traffic was read in WWII partly as the result of recovery of some key material in South America that was insufficiently carefully discarded by a German courier.
		Other cypher machines used in WWII included the British TypeX and the American SIGABA; both were electromechanical rotor designs similar in spirit to the Enigma.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Cryptography:History_of_Cryptography (2321 words)

	Topics in cryptography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		VIC cipher (complex hand cypher used by at least one Soviet spy in the early 1950s -- it proved quite secure for the time)
		BEAR (block cypher built from stream cypher and hash function, by Ross Anderson)
		LION (block cypher built from stream cypher and hash function, by Ross Anderson)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Topics_in_cryptography (1372 words)

	Criptografia
		By World War II mechanical andelectromechanical cryptographic cypher machines were in wide use, although where these were impractical manual systems continuedto be used.
		Informationabout this period has begun to be declassified in recent years as the official 50-year (British) secrecy period has come to anend, as the relevant US archives have slowly opened, and as assorted memoirs and articles have been published.
		Prior to that time, all useful modern encryption algorithms had been symmetric keyalgorithms, in which the same cryptographic key is used with the underlying algorithm by both the sender and the recipient who mustboth keep it secret.
	portuguese.therfcc.org /criptografia-555761.html (3889 words)

	Cryptography-Digest Digest #612
		The cypher > > was designed with strength in mind, but not much concern > > for speed.
		In fact one of the positive aspects of this > > cypher is the slowness of key setup - which takes several > > million processor cycles.
		There may indeed be an ocean of analysis yet to be done on this subject.
	www.mail-archive.com /cryptography-digest@senator-bedfellow.mit.edu/msg04808.html (3168 words)

	My Dark Little Corner of the Web
		Then again, I've always found it odd that the more convinced someone claims to be about the absolute truth of a given belief, the more likely they are to feel threatened by the slightest implication that their belief is untrue.
		And the convenient thing about this style of cypher is that there's no need to write a different script to reverse the process: encoding the encoded string returns the decoded string.
		Offhand, I can't think of a practical use for this, but it was a fun brain exercise (I find I often need those on weekends to keep the ol' neurons limber), and I'm donating it in case any of you have a need for something like this.
	www.timtripcony.com (3856 words)

	cipher definition Index - Computer-Technology-Find (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		Source: WordNet (r) 1.7 cipher n 1: a message written in a secret code [syn: cypher] 2: a...
		Holocryptic cipher - definition of Holocryptic cipher by the Free...
		atbash cipher beale cipher bifid cipher block chaining cipher block cipher caesar cipher caesars cipher celebrity cipher
	www.computer-technology-find.com /Cipher/cipher-definition.html (569 words)

	Codepad.net - Simple Substitution
		With Atbash, the first letter of the alphabet is enciphered as the last, the second is enciphered as the second to last, and so on.
		This cipher is Jewish in origin, where as the Caesar Shift cipher is Roman.
		Atbash can be combined with a Caesar Shift to form a reverse Caesar Shift.
	codepad.clanhosts.com /index.php?art=ss (535 words)

	Fred Cohen & Associates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		In the famous Greek drama the 'Iliad', cryptography was used when Bellerophon was sent to the king with a secret tablet which told the king to have him put to death.
		The general case of this sort of cipher is the "monoalphabetic substitution cipher" wherein each letter is mapped into another letter in a one to one fashion.
		Cryptanalysis is the practice of changing ciphertext into plaintext without complete knowledge of the cipher.
	www.all.net /books/ip/Chap2-1.html (5872 words)

	Topics in cryptography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		VIC cipher (complex hand cypher used by at least one Soviet spy in theearly 1950s -- it proved quite secure for the time)
		BEAR (block cypher built from stream cypherand hash function, by Ross Anderson)
		LION (block cypher built from stream cypherand hash function, by Ross Anderson)
	www.therfcc.org /topics-in-cryptography-72588.html (1184 words)

	Encryption
		Atbash v2.0 - encryption program with ciphertext that can be transmitted by Morse Code or voice (as well as by modem or disk).
		BestCrypt - The BestCrypt software products keep your private data in the encrypted form on the disk and provide you with the transparent access to it from any application program.
		File Encryptor and Decryptor - A very well done encryption/decryption program that encrypts your programs with several algorithims to cover it.
	www.drsaeed.8m.com /utility/secure/encrypt.html (2212 words)

	Beaufort Atbash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		It is atbash that converts the city of Babel into the city of Sheshach in Jeremiah 25:26 (and 51:41).
		It goes without saying that the Beaufort 'system' would be one of the one hundred and sixty separate cyphers which were discussed in Holmes' monograph, and no doubt atbash would have been another.
		It would seem that the Admiral had offered to his countrymen an "undecypherable cypher" -- as this is a phrase which had been applied to the Vigenère itself.
	members.aol.com /mfrankland/atbash.htm (1073 words)

	Euphoria
		Another theory states that when BAPHOMET is interpreted according to the ‘Atbash Cypher' it reveals an inner meaning.
		The Atbash encryption is applied by substituting the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet with the last one, the second letter is likewise replaced by the second last and so on.
		The ‘Atbash Cypher' was first applied to the BAPHOMET mystery by Dr Hugh Schonfield, one of the original researchers examining the ‘Dead Sea Scrolls'.
	www.euphoriapagan.org /writings.html (12779 words)

	Chaosmagic.Com :: Baphomet and Choronzon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		Baphomet was a deity worshipped by the knights templar.
		Specifically they hid the true name of the deity they worshipped behind an ancient and secret Essene cypher known as Atbash.
		Using the cypher replace the first letter of the alphabet with the last and vice-versa.
	www.chaosmagic.com /discussion/archivedmessages/baphomet-and-choronzon.shtml (1773 words)

	Key
		In fact, experience has shown that pattern in key choice are a very very significant source of breaks into otherwise well designed crypto systems.
		The Japanese Purple cypher machine of WWII is an example, for after the initial breakthrough by US cryptanalysts, the poor choice of keys made continuing breaks into the Purple traffic very much easier.
		In general, keys _must_ be chosen randomly (or alternatively, they must be random values) while meeting other requirements of the algorithm in use.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/Ke/Key.html (9332 words)

	Encipher - www.acidfiles.com/soft/encipher.html
		Atbash Setup: Substitute as shown ABCDEFGHIJKLMZYXWVUTS RQPON to
		encode, code, encipher, cipher, cypher, encrypt, inscribe, write in code convert ordinary language into code; "We should encode the message.
		Results found for: encipher Find the latest news and information on encipher from across the TechWeb Network of IT Web sites.
	yourpointer.com /yrpt/encipher.html (378 words)

	The world's top book cipher websites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
		In this mode, book cyphers are more properly called codes.
		This can have problems as if a word appears in the plaintext that doesn't appear in the book then it can't be encoded.
		An alternative approach which gets around this problem is to replace individual letters rather than words, in which case the book cypher is properly a cypher.
	dirs.org /wiki-article-tab.cfm/book_cipher (199 words)

	Are You Letterate?
		Albam describes a cypher using the Hebrew alphabet, in which the first letter of the first half, Aleph, is interchanged with the first letter of the second half, Lamedh, and similarly Beth is interchanged with Mem and so on.
		The odd shape of the symbol has inspired a few interesting names, including "monkey's tail" in Dutch and "petit escargot (little snail)" in French.
		Athbash or atbash is yet another mystical Hebrew cypher, in which Aleph is interchanged with Taw, the last letter of the second half, Beth with Shin, and so on.
	www.csit.fsu.edu /~burkardt/fun/wordplay/letter_words.html (7981 words)

	Jumping On The Bandwagon: 12/01/2004 - 12/31/2004
		For those you weren’t aware, the Atbash Cypher is a form of cryptography that Iocus Severus and I touched upon during some of our earlier correspondence.
		Using my vast Atbash Cypher knowledge (and a cheat sheet I had prepared earlier) I immediately deciphered the message –
		Things were quickly changing from being slightly weird to being thoroughly bizarre.
	capcoincidence.blogspot.com /2004_12_01_capcoincidence_archive.html (5654 words)

	Gnostic Witch Bible > Gnostic Insight > The Gnoses > Lucifer and Sophia
		In the Trimorphic Protennoia, which has been linked with Sophia, She says: "I am androgynous.
		I am Mother and I am Father since I copulate with myself." It is interesting to note that the Baphomet of the Templars, which is frequently associated with Lucifer, can also be equated with Sophia using the Hebrew atbash cypher.
		Lastly, Lucifer is considered in the orthodox legend as being the first angel created.
	www.light-bringer.com /Gnosis/Gnoses/lucifer_and_sophia.html (2180 words)

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