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Topic: Atherogenesis

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	Lipids Online Slides: atherogenesis, macrophage, T lymphocyte, VCAM-1
		Atheroma are not merely filled with lipid, but contain cells whose functions critically influence atherogenesis
		In lesion initiation, the early phase of atherogenesis, the first event that occurs in response to hypercholesterolemia is an attachment of leukocytes to the intact endothelium.
		These observations are compatible with a role for VCAM-1 in leukocyte recruitment early in atherogenesis.
	www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=atherogenesis (453 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Atherogenesis - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Atherogenesis: Plaque formation on the inside lining of arteries.
		Atherogenesis: the formation of atheromas on the walls of the arteries as in atherosclerosis
		The following list attempts to classify Atherogenesis into categories where each line is subset of the next.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/atherogenesis.htm (195 words)

	NIH Guide: DEVELOPMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC MARKERS FOR PREMATURE ATHEROGENESIS
		This RFA, Development of Biochemical and Genetic Markers for Premature Atherogenesis, is related to the priority area of childhood nutrition.
		The purpose of this RFA is to stimulate investigators to move beyond cholesterol in exploring biochemical and genetic predictors of atherogenesis and to encourage investigators to ascertain differences in lipoprotein profiles and other metabolic, hormonal, or genetic factors between offspring of families prone to premature coronary atherosclerosis and offspring of families not so afflicted.
		To maximize the probability of success in developing childhood markers for atherogenesis, studies should focus on changes in lipoprotein profiles during childhood and adolescence in offspring of coronary-prone parents, especially mothers, in comparison to a matched group of offspring of parents unaffected by coronary atherosclerosis.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HD-94-009.html (2053 words)

	eMedicine - Genetic and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Stroke : Article by Mitchell SV Elkind, MD, MS, FAAN (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Atherogenesis is itself an inflammatory process (Libby and Theroux, 2005).
		When endothelium is physically damaged or becomes dysfunctional, a cascade of events is precipitated, initiating a cycle of injury, immunologic induction, and amplification.
		An association may exist between elevated homocysteine levels and large- and small-vessel strokes, but not with cardioembolic infarcts, lending support to the contribution of homocysteine in atherogenesis rather than as another mechanism of increased stroke risk (Eikelboom et al, 2000).
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic710.htm (8117 words)

	Innate and acquired immunity in atherogenesis - Nature Medicine
		Many of the immune responses involved in atherogenesis most likely evolved as responses to other pathogens that are more fundamentally important for the survival of the host, and provide examples of antigens that show molecular mimicry between epitopes of atherosclerosis-associated antigens and other endogenous and exogenous pathogens.
		In atherogenesis, however, the responses could have complex effects, and further study will be needed to sort out the potential benefits or 'penalties'.
		Williams, K.J. and Tabas, I. The response-to-retention hypothesis of atherogenesis reinforced.
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/nm1102-1218 (6290 words)

	Thematic review series: The Immune System and Atherogenesis. Immune function in atherogenesis -- Getz 46 (1): 1 -- ...
		The liver produces the major actor in atherogenesis in the form of VLDL, which in transit through the plasma is converted to LDL.
		Their direct participation in the process of atherogenesis is not yet clear.
		Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 14 is involved in atherogenesis by inducing proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/46/1/1 (6059 words)

	Atherosclerosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardiac stress testing, traditionally the most commonly performed non-invasive testing method for blood flow limitations generally only detects lumen narrowing of ~75% or greater, although some physicians advocate that nuclear stress methods can detect as little as 50%.
		Atherogenesis is the developmental process of atheromatous plaques.
		The first step of atherogenesis is the development of fatty streaks, small subendothelial deposits of lipid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atherogenesis (3759 words)

	Dietary ß-Carotene and {alpha}-Tocopherol Combination Does Not Inhibit Atherogenesis in an ApoE—Deficient Mouse Model ...
		of antioxidants on atherogenesis in the model is controversial.
		inhibit atherogenesis in the aortic sinus or the aorta.
		ApoE-deficient mice are a model of lipoprotein oxidation in atherogenesis: Demonstration of oxidation-specific epitopes in lesions and high titers of autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-lysine in serum.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/6/1470 (3727 words)

	Active and Passive Smoking, Chronic Infections, and the Risk of Carotid Atherosclerosis: Prospective Results From the ...
		Early atherogenesis was defined as the occurrence of new plaques
		atherogenesis was confined to passive smokers with chronic infection
		Adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) of early atherogenesis in the carotid arteries according to active and passive smoking and infection status.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/9/2170 (3951 words)

	The fetal origins of atherosclerosis: maternal hypercholesterolemia, and cholesterol-lowering or antioxidant treatment ...
		Evidence for the causal role of maternal hypercholesterolemia and lipid oxidation in accelerated postnatal atherogenesis.
		atherogenesis from the fetus to old age are complicated by the
		Napoli, C., Witztum, J. L., Calara, F., de Nigris, F., Palinski, W. (2000) Maternal hypercholesterolemia enhances atherogenesis in normocholesterolemic rabbits, which is inhibited by antioxidant or lipid-lowering intervention during pregnancy: an experimental model of atherogenic mechanisms in human fetuses.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/16/11/1348 (6551 words)

	ROLE OF CD40 IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS
		The CD40L-CD40 signalling seems to be involved in the experimentally induced autoimmune diseases such as collagen-induced arthritis, lupus nephritis, acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease, multiple sclerosis and thyroiditis.
		The atherogenesis was induced in mice lacking the receptor for low-density lipoprotein that are fed a high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks.
		Such data provide evidence for the involvement of immune mediated mechanisms in atherosgenesis and confirm a role for the CD40 signalling during atherogenesis in hyperlipidemic mice.
	www.bioscience.org /news/scientis/cd40.htm (331 words)

	Eurekah - Cytokine–Activated Target Cells in Atherogenesis: The Endothelial
		Although understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanismsof atherogenesis has greatly accelerated over the last decade, surprising modern concepts of its basic pathophysiology have exist...
		Much of the evidence for the hypothesis that atherogenesis represents an inflammatory response to arterial injury was derived from pathologic and recently, immunohistochemical, studies.
		Macrophages are found in lesions of atherosclerosis at all stages of lesion development, where they are best known for their ability to accumulate lipids, forming foam cells in atherosclerotic...
	www.eurekah.com /chapter/57 (554 words)

	NF-{{kappa}}B: pivotal mediator or innocent bystander in atherogenesis? -- Collins and Cybulsky 107 (3): 255 -- Journal ...
		The straight segment of the artery proximal to the bifurcation is typical of regions resistant to atherogenesis (left).
		These regions are associated with a uniformly laminar blood flow profile that may induce the expression of various classes of atheroprotective genes.
		Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/107/3/255 (6029 words)

	[No title]
		We reported that high concentration (50 g/L) of Mg-sulfate fortification of drinking water attenuates atherogenesis in male and female LDL-receptor deficient mice fed a high-cholesterol diet.
		The aim of this study was to examine whether Mg-chloride, could suppress atherogenesis in the same mouse model, but in lower concentrations.
		Conclusion: Mg-chloride fortification of drinking water is capable of inhibiting atherogenesis in male LDL-receptor deficient mice fed high-cholesterol diet.
	www.tau.ac.il /medicine/conf2002/B/B-03.doc (219 words)

	Relationship between Expression Levels and Atherogenesis in Scavenger Receptor Class B, Type I Transgenics -- Ueda et ...
		Although the mouse is relatively resistant to diet-induced atherogenesis, a variety of transgenic and gene knockout mice have
		In the present study investigating the effect of SR-BI overexpression on diet-induced atherogenesis, aortic fatty streak lesions
		The effect on diet-induced atherogenesis of the high expression SR-BI transgene differed significantly from that of the low
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/27/20368 (5488 words)

	Resveratrol-Quercetin article by James South
		The so-called "fatty/cholesterol plague" that can occlude arteries is called "atheroma"; the gradual development of atheroma in heart arteries is referred to as "coronary atherogenesis"; and the chief culprit in the process of atherogenesis is alleged to be cholesterol/saturated fat.
		More recent refinements of the atherogenesis dogma posit high LDL cholesterol and/or low HDL cholesterol as the chief culprit in atherogenesis.
		Goldberg points out that 'flavonoids' have been demonstrated to have powerful biological effects, including the ability to inhibit eicosanoid synthesis and pathological platelet aggregation, as well as the ability to inhibit cancer growth and development.
	www.angelfire.com /pro/flavin/service29.html (3746 words)

	Arsenic exposure accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein [E.sup.-/-] mice - Article Environmental Health ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There were no lesions observed in the wild-type C57BL6 mice, resistant to atherosclerosis, whether they received arsenic or control drinking water.
		In vitro studies, including primary aorta endothelial or smooth muscle cells, were conducted to evaluate whether arsenic induces cellular mechanisms relevant to atherogenesis such as endothelial dysfunction, lipid oxidation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
		Although different risk factors may modulate atherogenesis, a series of critical events including endothelial dysfunction/activation, oxidation of lipids, and smooth-muscle cell proliferation are currently considered major pathogenic mechanisms required for atheroma formation and acceleration (Ross 1999).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0CYP/is_14_111/ai_111357426 (841 words)

	The fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 is a key mediator of atherogenesis -- Cybulsky and Hegele 111 (8): 1118 -- Journal of ...
		The fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 is a key mediator of atherogenesis -- Cybulsky and Hegele 111 (8): 1118 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation
		However, it is unique, since it is a transmembrane protein that binds to CX3CR1 rapidly and firmly, which may directly contribute to monocyte tethering and arrest.
		During atherogenesis, monocytes recruited to the arterial intima transform into macrophages, engulf lipids, and exhibit morphological features of foam cells.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/111/8/1118 (1431 words)

	NOS inhibition accelerates atherogenesis: reversal by exercise -- Niebauer et al. 285 (2): 535 -- AJP - Heart and ...
		Atherogenesis in transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein (a).
		Dietary arginine prevents atherogenesis in the coronary artery of the hypercholesterolemic rabbit.
		Effects of prostacyclin and orally stable mimetic agent RS-93427-007 on basic mechanisms of atherogenesis.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/2/H535 (3704 words)

	Testosterone inhibits early atherogenesis by conversion to estradiol: Critical role of aromatase -- Nathan et al. 98 ...
		Testosterone inhibits early atherogenesis by conversion to estradiol: Critical role of aromatase -- Nathan et al.
		The effects of testosterone on early atherogenesis and the role of aromatase, an enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogens,
		We have speculated previously (12) that T may attenuate early atherogenesis at least in part by being converted to estradiol
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/6/3589 (4361 words)

	NIH-CSR Atherosclerosis and Inflammation of the Cardiovascular System [AICS] (CVSIRG)
		A major contributor to atherogenesis is hyperlipidemia, involving lipids, lipoproteins and their oxidation derivatives.
		Thus studies involving inflammatory mediators, cytokines, chemokines, cell signaling, cell migration, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and their impact on the cardiovascular system are appropriate.
		Studies of the genetic analyses of mechanisms of lipoprotein metabolism or atherogenesis could be assigned to AICS.
	cms.csr.nih.gov /PeerReviewMeetings/CSRIRGDescription/CVSIRG/AICS.htm (1424 words)

	Untitled Document
		Hypertension is a well known risk factor for developing atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, but the mechanism(s) actually linking elevated blood pressure to atherogenesis remains largely unknown.
		Sugiyama and colleagues crossed C57B1/6 mice overexpressing human renin with mice of the same strain overexpressing angiotensinogen to produce a transgenic mouse model of hypertension that should prove valuable in addressing this question.
		It is a paradox of tumor immunology that although lymphocytes harvested from human tumors routinely respond to tumor antigens in vitro, the tumors themselves are not rejected by the immune system in vivo.
	info.med.yale.edu /labinvest/abstracts/97months/9706june/inside_li.html (793 words)

	Life Enhancement:: Testosterone Inhibits Early Atherogenesis in Male Mice
		To assess the effects of testosterone on the risk of developing atherosclerosis, male mice lacking the LDLR (LDL receptor) and fed a high-cholesterol diet, a model of human atherosclerosis, were studied.
		Testosterone inhibits early atherogenesis by conversion to estradiol: critical role of aromatase.
		Atherosclerosis is enhanced by testosterone deficiency and attenuated by CETP expression in transgenic mice.
	www.life-enhancement.com /article_template.asp?ID=1746 (605 words)

	Beneficial effects of insulin on endothelial function, inflammation, and atherogenesis and their implications Journal ...
		Beneficial effects of insulin on endothelial function, inflammation, and atherogenesis and their implications
		This outcome may be a result of atorvastatin's combined effects on atherogenic lipoproteins and inflammation (reflected by C-reactive protein, a non-specific marker of inflammation).
		(3) Because of these results and the increased risk for CV mortality seen in patients with type 2 diabetes, the effect of insulin on atherogenesis is also important.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_6_54/ai_n14732739 (871 words)

	Acceleration of atherogenesis by COX-1-dependent prostanoid formation in low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice ...
		Acceleration of atherogenesis by COX-1-dependent prostanoid formation in low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice -- Praticò et al.
		retards atherogenesis in ApoE-deficient mice and that this reduction
		The two active treatments diverged significantly with respect to their effects on atherogenesis.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/6/3358 (4363 words)

	What Vascular Ultrasound Testing Has Revealed about Pediatric Atherogenesis, and a Potential Clinical Role for ...
		evidence of atherogenesis by means of high resolution ultrasound.
		Atherogenesis is due to a generalized disturbance of endothelial
		Early atherogenesis in pediatric conditions, as demonstrated by increased carotid artery intima-medial thickening
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/7/3089 (5385 words)

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