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Topic: Atherosclerotic plaque

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	www.athero.org - current news
		Plaque disruption with superimposed thrombosis is the main cause for the acute coronary syndrome of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death.
		Plaque instability, manifesting as ulceration of the fibrous cap, plaque rupture, and intraplaque hemorrhage, is characteristic of plaques with a high content of lipid and an excess of macrophages and T lymphocytes in the cap.
		Lumenal thrombi associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture were observed in most of the mice, and they were found almost exclusively in the brachiocephalic artery branches into the right carotid and right subclavian arteries.
	www.athero.org /news/plaque_inst.html (1126 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Non-invasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaque macrophage in a rabbit model with F-18 FDG ...
		Atherothrombosis, characterized by atherosclerotic lesion disruption with superimposed thrombosis, is the main cause of acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina, myocardial infarction and sudden death) [1].
		It has been shown that the atherosclerotic plaque composition rather than the degree of arterial stenosis appears to be a critical determinant of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and thrombogenicity [1,3].
		Tissue factor present in lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques is important in acute arterial thrombosis and correlates with the extent of areas of macrophages [8,9].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2385/6/3 (3486 words)

	Case Study - Atherosclerotic plaque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Atherosclerotic plaque is believed to go through various stages of development.
		The vulnerable plaque is a plaque likely to rupture and then to either embolize or to occlude the artery it occupies.
		While the presence of a ruptured plaque is often seen after the event, the actual progress of a plaque towards rupture and possible embolization has never been witnessed.
	www.gehealthcare.com /inen/rad/us/education/msucase1.html (342 words)

	Atherosclerosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fibro-lipid (fibro-fatty) plaque is characterized by an accumulation of lipid-laden cells underneath the intima of the arteries, typically without narrowing the lumen due to compensatory expansion of the bounding muscular layer of the artery wall.
		At the periphery of the plaque are younger "foamy" cells and capillaries.
		The fibrous plaque is also localized under the intima, within the wall of the artery resulting in thickening and expansion of the wall and, sometimes, spotty localized narrowing of the lumen with some atrophy of the muscular layer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atherosclerosis (3845 words)

	Plaque softening method - Patent 4672962
		The plaque resolving device is adapted to be inserted into and through the lumen of a blood vessel and manipulatable therethrough to a desired position where the device can be operated to resolve atherosclerotic plaque buildup in, and to re-establish desired blood flow through, the blood vessel.
		The method for resolving atherosclerotic plaque in a blood vessel includes the step of: inserting a device having heating means in the tip into and through the lumen of a blood vessel.
		The tip member 16 is positioned proximate to the atherosclerotic plaque buildup area 44 so that the plaque 44 is heated sufficiently to resolve the fatty material of which the atherosclerotic plaque area 44 is composed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4672962.html (2784 words)

	ScienceDaily: Studies Show Gene Transfer And Antibody Therapy Cut Atherosclerotic Plaque
		As a result, the amount of plaque was significantly reduced, as was an immune reaction that can lead to plaque buildup and rupture, which can cause a blocked artery and heart attack or stroke.
		Plaques with a large lipid core, many inflammatory cells and a thin cap are especially vulnerable to rupture.
		Enzyme Triggers Plaque Rupture In Hardened Arteries, Causing Heart Attack And Stroke (December 25, 2005) -- University of Washington researchers show that, in mice with atherosclerosis, it is the expression of an active form of the enzyme MMP-9, by macrophages located within plaque buildup in narrowed...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/11/051126140633.htm (2190 words)

	WPI team receives $1.8 million to study atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture
		The study will examine in unprecedented detail the physical and biological properties of atherosclerotic plaque, which is closely related to most cardiovascular disease, and point the way to new tools for predicting the likelihood of plaque rupture
		Plaques are deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium, fibrin (a protein that helps blood clot), and other materials.
		MRI and histological studies of diseased arteries will be used to document the progression of plaques and assess their likelihood of rupture.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-05/wpi-wtr052406.php (563 words)

	Techniques characterizing the coronary atherosclerotic plaque: influence on clinical decision making? -- Pasterkamp et ...
		The elastogram shows that the plaque can be divided into two parts: a low strain part (0.2%) between the 4 and 11 o’clock position and a high strain part (1.0%) between the 2 and 4 o’clock position, both compared to the moderate strain (0.5%) in the normal vessel wall.
		Large atherosclerotic lesion (arrow) that encircles the abdominal aorta of an apoE-KO mouse is shown on the MRI in D and E and was confirmed by histopathologic study (F).
		Macrophage infiltration in acute coronary syndromes: implications for plaque rupture.
	content.onlinejacc.org /cgi/content/full/36/1/13 (5591 words)

	Atherosclerotic plaque inflammation: The final frontier?
		Large cohort studies in the 1950s to 1970s (eg, the Framingham Study) drew the attention of clinicians and the general public regarding a strong relationship between dyslipidemia, particularly elevated plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, and the onset of acute complications of atherosclerosis, such as myocardial infarction (1).
		Plaque macrophages produce a number of molecules associated with disruption and thrombus formation, including members of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
		In rabbit models of atherosclerosis, we have demonstrated that lipid lowering reduces collagenase expression and increases collagen, suggesting the potential role of this collagenolytic enzyme in plaque stability (7).
	www.pulsus.com /CARDIOL/20_06/aika_ed.htm (1950 words)

	Molecular, Endocrine, and Genetic Mechanisms of Arterial Calcification -- Doherty et al. 25 (4): 629 -- Endocrine ...
		by rupture or erosion of unstable plaque, and it is the composition
		The plaque cap appears to be intact, suggesting that thrombotic occlusion of this artery occurred by a mechanism that did not involve outright structural failure of the plaque cap.
		of atheroma or in the absence of atherosclerotic plaque.
	edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/4/629 (9487 words)

	Atherosclerotic Plaque at the Carotid Bifurcation: CT Angiographic Appearance with Histopathologic -- Oliver et al. 20 ...
		Atherosclerotic Plaque at the Carotid Bifurcation: CT Angiographic Appearance with Histopathologic Correlation
		of atheromatous plaque at the carotid bifurcation and to assess
		Characterization of atherosclerotic plaques at the carotid bifurcation: correlation of high-resolution MR imaging with histologic analysis: preliminary study.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/20/5/897 (3017 words)

	The Journal of Invasive Cardiology - Atherosclerotic Plaque
		Although plaque temperature heterogeneity is shown in atheromatous plaques, significant underestimation is encountered due to the cooling effect of the uninterrupted blood flow.
		Acute coronary syndromes such as unstable angina and myocardial infarction are attributed to a pathophysiologic process that involves rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombosis.
		Excimer laser angioplasty is a debulking technology for removal of atherosclerotic plaque and associated thrombi.
	www.invasivecardiology.com /atherosclerotic-plaque (1372 words)

	Regression of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Diet Alone
		Dean Ornish was the first to show that lifestyle change alone was enough to reverse the development of atherosclerotic plaque and reduce plaque rupture the cause of acute coronary events.
		Fifteen years after the demonstration of regression of atherosclerotic plaque by lifestyle change alone there was great excitement when expensive high dose statin treatment did the same thing.
		In this landmark study a mediterranean diet after a heart attack markedly reduced the rate of recurrent heart attack and significantly prolonged life with no change in blood cholesterol, probably due to a reductiion in modified LDL in the vascular wall.
	homepage.mac.com /colros/Diet/Ornish.html (361 words)

	Supplementation of the Black Rice Outer Layer Fraction to Rabbits Decreases Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and ...
		Typical atherosclerotic plaque in histological cross section aorta with hematoxylin and eosin staining in a rabbit fed the high cholesterol (HC) diet for 60 d.
		The typical atherosclerotic plaque structure and composition were characterized by the injury to endothelial cells (IEC), infiltration of inflamed cells (IC), assembling foam cells (FC), cellular necrosis (CN), proliferation of fibroblasts (FI) and smooth muscle cells (SMC).
		Atherosclerotic plaque in aorta of rabbits fed normal or high cholesterol (HC) diets or the HC diet containing the white rice outer layer fraction (WRF), or the fl rice outer layer fraction (BRF) for 60 d.
	jn.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/132/1/20 (4616 words)

	Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: Noninvasive MR Characterization and Identification of Vulnerable Lesions -- Yuan et al. ...
		Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque: Noninvasive MR Characterization and Identification of Vulnerable Lesions -- Yuan et al.
		The hyperintense region is a region in the plaque core on MR images that corresponds to regions of recent intraplaque hemorrhage on gross and histologic cross sections (arrow 2).
		Plaque fissuring: the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischaemic death, and crescendo angina.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/221/2/285 (7337 words)

	MRI and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaque: Emerging Applications and Molecular Imaging -- Choudhury et al. 22 ...
		Atherosclerotic aortic component quantification by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging: an in vivo study in rabbits.
		Carotid atherosclerotic plaque: noninvasive MR characterization and identification of vulnerable lesions.
		Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MRI of atherosclerotic plaques in Watanabe hereditable hyperlipidemic rabbits.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/22/7/1065 (6239 words)

	IngentaConnect The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Concurrent with these experiences with drugs, pathologists were describing those atherosclerotic plaques from post-mortem examination that seemed to be responsible for the acute coronary events.
		These plaques were usually eccentric in cross-section and contained a fluid lipid core with a thinned fibrous cap.
		Such vulnerable plaques were believed to be particularly prone to rupture which led to thrombosis and to the acute coronary events.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/apl/emd/1998/00000003/00000001/art00008 (310 words)

	Oral EDTA chelation to remove toxic metals
		It is especially desirable for preventing or delaying the onset of the many complications of the diseases related to atherosclerotic plaque buildup, including heart disease, heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, peripheral vascular disease, mental decline, and impotence.
		The accumulation of atherosclerotic deposits in the cardiovascular tree is associated with aging.
		It is inevitable that plaque formation will begin in our mid-years - for some, even in their youth - and will progress rapidly, unless healthy interventions are made: diet change, appropriate exercise, and effective supplementation.
	www.healingdaily.com /oral-chelation/oral-edta-chelation.htm (1425 words)

	Expression of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules in human atherosclerotic plaque -- DeGraba 49 (5): 15 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Expression of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules in human atherosclerotic plaque
		ICAM-1 in the high-grade region of symptomatic plaques versus the
		preferentially in the high-grade region of plaques from symptomatic
	www.neurology.org /cgi/content/abstract/49/5/S15 (474 words)

	Studies show apo A-I Milano gene transfer and antibody therapy cut atherosclerotic plaque
		The result of this injury-repair cycle is the accumulation of plaque — lipids and macrophages covered by a fibrous cap.
		If a plaque deposit ruptures, debris can block the flow of blood, but the bloodstream also can be blocked by the formation of a blood clot — the immune system's attempt to heal the rupture.
		It ranks among the top 10 non-university hospitals in the nation for its research activities and was recently fully accredited by the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs, Inc. (AAHRPP).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-11/cmc-ssa111405.php (1205 words)

	Atheroma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In pathology, an atheroma (plural: atheromata) is an abnormal accumulation of inflammatory cells (macrophage white blood cells), lipids and a variable amount of connective tissue within the walls of arteries.
		The sudden nature of the complications of pre-existing atheroma, vulnerable plaque, have led, since the 1950s, to the development of intensive care units and complex medical and surgical interventions.
		See the ASTEROID trial, especially page 8, which shows a single IVUS image view of one individual's heart artery before and after about 2 years of 40 mg/day treatment; the total wall volume is reduced to about half due to a major decrease in the volume of atheroma.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atheroma (2110 words)

	Calcified Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Is Associated Less with Ischemic Symptoms Than Is Noncalcified Plaque on MDCT ...
		Calcified Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Is Associated Less with Ischemic Symptoms Than Is Noncalcified Plaque on MDCT -- Nandalur et al.
		the interpretation of calcification of atherosclerotic plaque in
		Atherosclerotic plaque characterization by multidetector row computed tomography angiography.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/abstract/184/1/295 (463 words)

	Dual Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (Matrixins) in Intimal Thickening and Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture -- Newby 85 ...
		Plaque erosion accounts for as much as 50% of MI in young women (63).
		the involvement of MMPs in intimal thickening and plaque rupture.
		Plaque ruptures in the brachiocephalic artery of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice.
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/85/1/1 (7775 words)

	Endogenous Angiotensin II Induces Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability and Elicits a Th1 Response in ApoE-/- Mice -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Endogenous Angiotensin II Induces Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability and Elicits a Th1 Response in ApoE-/- Mice -- Mazzolai et al.
		Rupture of vulnerable plaques is the main cause of acute cardiovascular
		mouse: vulnerable plaque with absence of fibrous cap in a large portion of the plaque (thin fl arrow, thick fl arrow shows positive staining in adjacent media), and media atrophy (white thick arrow) with intense inflammatory reaction (*).
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/44/3/277 (3076 words)

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