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Topic: Atil, Khazaria

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	Atil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Atil, also spelled Itil (Turkic for "Big River"), was a name of the Volga River and of the capital of Khazaria from the middle of the 8th century until towards the end of the 10th century.
		Atil was located along the Atil (Volga) delta at the northwestern corner of the Caspian Sea.
		Al-Biruni (mid-1000s) reported that Atil was again in ruins, and did not mention the later city of Saqsin which was built nearby, so it is possible that this new Atil was only destroyed in the middle of the eleventh century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atil,_Khazaria (278 words)

	Wikipedia: Atil
		Atil, also spelt Itil (Turkic for "Great River") was a name of the Volga River and of the capital of Khazaria from the middle of the 8th century until towards the end of the 10th century.
		Atil city was located along the Atil (Volga) delta at the northwestern corner of the Caspian Sea.
		Atil was an administrative center with a court house and royal palace.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/a/at/atil.html (117 words)

	Khazaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Khazaria, or mention of the Khazars, is a non...
		Khazaria also known as Khazar khaganate or Khazar khanate was the country of the Khazars, neighboring the Byzantine Empire in the southwest, Kievan Rus' in the northwest, Volga Bulgaria in the north, and Azerbaijan in the southeast.
		Khazaria bordered the Caspian Sea and Black Sea.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Khazaria (322 words)

	The Jews of Khazaria
		The book aims to capture the history of Khazaria, a Jewish state near the Caspian sea that reigned between the 7th to 11th centuries, starting as a small tribe and growing in size and in power.
		Khazaria was located roughly between of present day Hungary from its east and Persia in its west.
		Itil (Atil) was known to have a Muslim quarter that boasted mosques and many wealthy Muslim families resided there.
	www.rechtman.com /khazaria.htm (890 words)

	Samandar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Samandar was a city in Khazaria on the western edge of the Caspian Sea, south of Atil and north of the Caucasus.
		It was inhabited by Jews, Christians, Muslims, and pagans and had houses of worship for each faith.
		From the 720s to about 750, Samandar served as the capital of Khazaria.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Samandar (87 words)

	Khazaria.com - History of Jewish Khazars, Khazar Turk, Khazarian Jews
		Khazaria News is a free email newsletter that discusses the latest news in Khazar studies, including new archaeological discoveries, new books, new conference reports, and new exhibitions.
		The Jews of Khazaria - from Amazon.co.uk in Britain
		Sarkel's fortress was one of Khazaria's most important, serving both as a defensive structure and a trading caravan stopover.
	www.khazaria.com (1613 words)

	Khazaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Template:History of Russia Khazaria also known as Khazar khaganate or Khazar khanate was the country of the Khazars neighboring the...
		Khazaria was finally wiped out by the forces of Ghengis Khan, but evidence indicates that the Khazars, themselves migrated to Poland and formed the cradle of Western Jewry.
		The Khanate of Khazaria (Ben Liff) A fourteen-hundred-year history of an alternate timeline where the Khanate of Khazaria emerges as a major power.
	russianjew.fibsjew.com /khazaria (958 words)

	Atil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		NEW YORK -- Atil Kutoglu is not modest about his work.
		I am exotic and my name is exotic, the 25-year-old Turkish-born designer said.
		Atil Khaan ("Mongolyn 100 khaan, naiman bogd" tsuvral = "Monggol-un 100 qagan, nayman bogda" cubural)
	hallencyclopedia.com /Atil (342 words)

	Atil also spelt Itil Turkic for Great River was a... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Atil also spelt Itil Turkic for Great River was a...
		"Atil", also spelt "Itil" (Turkic for "Great River") was a name of the Volga Volga River and of the capital of Khazaria Khazaria from the middle of the 8th century 8th century until towards the end of the 10th century 10th century.
		Atil city was located along the Atil (Volga) delta at the northwestern corner of the Caspian Sea Caspian Sea.
	www.biodatabase.de /Atil (161 words)

	Khazaran - TheBestLinks.com - Caspian Sea, Khazaria, Mosque, Muslims, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Khazaran, Caspian Sea, Khazaria, Mosque, Muslims, Atil, Khazaria, Vizier...
		Khazaran was a city east of Atil in the Khazar kingdom, connected to the latter by a pontoon bridge.
		Khazaran was later inhabited primarily by Muslims and featured numerous mosques, minarets, and madrasas.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Khazaran.html (137 words)

	De Bellis Bookstore -- Kevin A. Brook's The Jews of Khazaria
		As a major world power, Khazaria enjoyed diplomatic and trade relations with many peoples and nations (including the Byzantines, Alans, Magyars, and Slavs) and changed the course of medieval history in many ways.
		The final chapter enumerates the Jewish communities of eastern Europe which sprung up after the fall of Khazaria and proposes that the Jews from the former Russian Empire are descended from a mixture of Khazar Jews, German Jews, Greek Jews, and Slavs.
		The Jews of Khazaria is broad in scope; often, however, the book reads more like an annotated bibliography than a tight narrative...
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/bookstore/jewsofkhazaria.html (1114 words)

	Caspian Sea
		The level of the Caspian has fallen and risen many times over the centuries.
		Some Russian historians claim that a medieval rising of the Caspian caused the coastal towns of Khazaria, such as Atil, to flood.
		The Volga River and the Ural River discharge into the Caspian Sea.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/c/ca/caspian_sea.html (250 words)

	Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This is a trilogy of teenage diary stories set in ancient and medieval times in places as far away as ancient Rome, medieval Kiev, the Caucasus, and the Levant.
		When the Kagan of the Khazars is captured and held in a Viking ship, his son must rescue him alone and help the family to walk from Khazaria to a new homeland.
		The boy and his father, masters of a thousand disguises must find a way to reach their destination and reunite the rest of the family.
	www.newswriting.net /medieval.htm (689 words)

	The Jews of Khazaria - Khazars, Khazar, Khazari
		This volume traces the development of the Khazars from their early beginnings as a tribe to the decline and fall of their kingdom.
		It demonstrates that Khazaria had manufacturing industries, trade routes, an organized judicial system, and a diverse population.
		Preludes to Conversion, Khazaria as a Refuge for Persecuted Jews, Khazar Shamanism, Saint Cyril's Khazarian Mission, King Bulan's Conversion, The Schechter Letter, The Khazar Correspondence, The Kievan Letter, The Degree of Judaization Among the Khazars, Archaeological Evidence, Conclusions
	www.khazaria.com /brook.html (1723 words)

	Assembly of Turkish American Associations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Further studies should be undertaken to help us better understand the way in which the Khazars honored their dead and the degree to which Jewish law affected the preparation of their ninth-century and tenth-century graves." (page 90)
		Following this discussion, Shepard engages in a thorough discussion of the attempt of the Byzantine Church to establish bishoprics north of the Black Sea in strategic areas like the Crimea and the city of Atil.
		The Jews of Khazaria is now available on Amazon.com and Barnesandnoble.com for only $24.50, and on Bcybookloft.com for $23.45.
	www.ataa.org /ataa/ref/jewish/khazaria.html (1096 words)

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