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Topic: Atlantic Avenue Tunnel

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	Tunnel
		A tunnel is a passage through a mountain or under a waterway, road or railroad.
		The Box Tunnel in England, which opened in 1841, is one of the oldest railway tunnels in the world.
		The Atlantic Avenue Tunnel, Brooklyn, New York is the world's oldest underground railway tunnel in a street, built in 1844 by the cut-and-cover method for the Long Island Railroad.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tu/Tunnel.html (247 words)

	Atlantic Avenue (New York City) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Atlantic Avenue is an important street in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens.
		Atlantic Avenue runs parallel to Fulton Street for much of its course through Brooklyn, where it serves as a border between the neighborhoods of Prospect Heights and Fort Green and between Bedford-Stuyvesant and Crown Heights.
		This section of Atlantic Avenue is the site of the Atlantic Antic, a street festival involving local merchants and artists held in September.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atlantic_Avenue_(New_York_City) (432 words)

	Cobble Hill Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cobble Hill Tunnel (popularly the Atlantic Avenue Tunnel) of the Long Island Rail Road is an abandoned railroad tunnel beneath Atlantic Avenue in downtown Brooklyn, New York.
		Insofar as it carried railroad trains under a city street, some have claimed it be the world's first subway tunnel, though, unlike a modern rapid transit subway, it had no stations.
		The similar Murray Hill Tunnel on the New York and Harlem Railroad was built as an open cut around 1836, and roofed over around the 1850s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atlantic_Avenue_Tunnel (566 words)

	LIRR History FAQ - Atlantic Avenue Cobble Hill Tunnel
		This tunnel was rediscovered by rail historian Bob Diamond, who is also the head of the Brooklyn Historic Railway Association, which is actively working to return streetcars to the streets of Brooklyn, New York.
		The tunnel was, and is, a 2 track arched roof brick and rubble masoney lined structure built by an unknown contractor.
		The cut (later tunnel) was built to avoid the use of the noble beasts, and incidentally, to improve the appearance of the then aristocratic neighborhood.
	www.rapidtransit.net /net/faq/nyc/AtlanticTunnel.html (822 words)

	LTV Inc. NYC Exploration
		the event was basically an art exhibit held within the old atlantic avenue tunnel (of which I was one of the included artists).
		The humidity within the tunnel was unbearable, and before the event even had a chance to start, the local PD arrived wondering just why the fuck there were all these trucks blocking a lane of traffic on a busy city street.
		There were suppose to be more events within the tunnel, to the tune of at least 4 per year, but this never materialized due to a few ego clashes.
	ltvsquad.com /Missions/Tunnels/AtlanticAvCrowds/tunnel.php (399 words)

	Tunnel engineering highway road construction structures transportation design planning
		This tunnel project is part of the widening of State Highway 160 (SH 160) located in the narrow canyon at the southwestern end of the SH 160/Wolf Creek Pass road widening project.
		The tunnel is a bi-directional, a two-lane tunnel with allowances for shoulders and walkways.
		The tunnel is a design-bid-build contract and was successfully advertised and the Contractor is awaiting a notice to proceed.
	www.mrtunnel.com /page2.htm (3583 words)

	Undercity.org
		There are only a few leftover train tunnels from this era in Brooklyn and Long Island, though, as most of the areas were flat enough that trains could travel straight on the surface.
		This tunnel was a "Grade Crossings Elimination"-- that is, it was dug so that one set of train tracks could pass pass underneath another set running perpindicular.
		The East New York Tunnel could not have been part of the same route that was served by the Atlantic Avenue tunnel, as the Atlantic Avenue tunnel was out of use the by the 1860s and I believe this East New York Tunnel was built much later.
	www.undercity.org /photos/AtlanticAve (427 words)

	The Atlantic Avenue Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Atlantic Avenue Tunnel, as it is now called, was built in seven months in 1844 by the Long Island Rail Road [Map] to relieve congestion in downtown Brooklyn.
		[Photos from a March tour and a 1995 of the tunnel.] It was part of a rail network that eventually took passengers to Boston.
		The tunnel is 17 feet high and 21 feet wide; the navigable portion of the tunnel is from 1700 to 2000 feet overall.
	wt.mit.edu /Subway/Tunnel (228 words)

	Street Level....Atlantic Avenue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A life-long Brooklynite, Diamond’s involvement with the tunnel began when listening to a radio broadcast in the summer of 1979 that mentioned the rumor of an abandoned Brooklyn subway tunnel.
		The Long Island Railroad built the Atlantic Avenue tunnel to link the growing Brooklyn waterfront to the main rail line that extended across Long Island, which was the fastest route to Boston at the time.
		The Atlantic Avenue Betterment Association used to help promote his tours, but as time passed, the merchants became less interested in tunnel tours, as did tourists.
	journalism.nyu.edu /pubzone/streetlevel/atlanticave/movers/diamonds.htm (847 words)

	Brooklyn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are three commuter rail stations in Brooklyn, including East New York station, Nostrand Avenue station, and Atlantic Terminal, the terminus station of the Atlantic Avenue Branch of the Long Island Railroad.
		Atlantic Terminal is a major intermodal transit hub with several connecting subway lines.
		The portion of the highway running through the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel and south to the Verrazano Narrows Bridge (which connects Brooklyn to Staten Island) is known as the Gowanus Expressway.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brooklyn (4579 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Tunnels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Underwater tunneling through mud, quicksand, or permeable earth requires the use of a shield (devised and first used in 1825), a steel cylinder closed at its forward end, which holds rotating cutting blades.
		River-crossing tunnels are also constructed by dredging a trench in the riverbed; then lowering prefabricated tunnel sections through the water into the trench, where divers connect them; and, finally, covering the trench and tunnel.
		The tunnel takes on many different forms, and the shooter has a special "superzapper" that enables it to kill all enemies present in the tunnel.
	fusionanomaly.net /tunnels.html (1033 words)

	GORP - Trivia - Desert Cinema
		Yes, a great deal of work was done in London: The Thames Tunnel was opened in 1843 and trains ran through it about ten years later; additionally a cut-and-cover underground track area was proposed in 1860 and on January 10, 1863, trains ran on it for the first time.
		What is today known as the Atlantic Avenue Tunnel was built (also using the cut-and-cover method) in seven months in 1844.
		The 17-foot-high, 21-foot-wide, 2000-foot-long tunnel was sealed in 1861 and not rediscoverd until 1980.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/contests/tunnel.htm (376 words)

	atlantic
		For years, it was confidently counted on that this spot, and the railroad of which it was the terminus, were going to prove the permanent seat of business and wealth that belong to such enterprises...
		The LIRR had a surface operation along Atlantic Avenue until 1940, when trains were finally placed in a tunnel in some places and elevated tracks in others.
		Additional photos of the LIRR Atlantic Avenue tunnel, including some of Bob Diamond working in the tunnel in the early days of its discovery, can be seen here.
	www.forgotten-ny.com /SUBWAYS/tunnel/tunnel.html (861 words)

	The Morning News - Tunnel Visions, by Clay Risen
		Few New Yorkers are aware that an abandoned railway tunnel runs under downtown Brooklyn, and for a good reason: Until 20 years ago it was more or less an urban legend, a massive Industrial-Age artifact that somehow had been lost in the bureaucratic shuffle at the city planner’s office.
		Solis, a writer by trade, is also something of a germanophile (she’s translated a raft of Nietzsche’s letters), and she had recently returned from a trip to Berlin and Vienna, where she said she encountered a vibrant – and literally – underground art scene.
		An exhibit in the Atlantic Avenue Tunnel, she realized, was a good way to get a similar movement going in the States.
	www.themorningnews.org /archives/new_york_new_york/tunnel_visions.php (1084 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Brooklyn's Atlantic Avenue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Brooklyn's Atlantic Avenue is a place where cultures rub off on each other: Arab culture is left a little more American, American culture a little more Arab.
		Food is ostensibly what Atlantic Avenue's Middle Eastern section is about, and much of the general public samples it either at the festival or in its restaurants.
		It is the food stores on Atlantic Avenue that are central to the survival of Arab traditions in the new world, for they make it possible for fine Arab cooks to practice their art.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198802/brooklyn.s.atlantic.avenue.htm (3909 words)

	Bluejake: Atlantic Avenue Tunnel
		The tunnel had been built for the Long Island Railroad in 1844 to relieve traffic congestion.
		I'll mainly let the pictures speak for themselves- but I was very impressed with the size of the tunnel, and with Bob's narration of the history of the site.
		Tunnel photography was a challenge for me...these are the best shots I've seen in a while.
	www.bluejake.com /archives/2004/05/17/atlantic_avenue_tunnel.php (307 words)

	urban exploration : urbanlens : atlantic avenue tunnel
		On the occasion of an art exhibition, the tunnel was open once more this year to most likely the largest crowd ever.
		The half-mile tunnel was sealed-up in 1861, forgotten, then rediscovered in 1980 by Bob Diamond, president of the Brooklyn Historic Railway Association.
		After a walk in the very humid tunnel air, the tunnel ends at a wall of brick.
	www.urbanlens.com /files/aa/aa.html (302 words)

	RailroadData.Com Railroad Links: Bridges and Tunnels: Page 2
		Tunneling for transit projects is as much an art as a science.
		The Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel is a landmark effort that boasts several "firsts": The longest highway tunnel in North America.
		The first tunnel in the United States that has a ventilation system that combines jet and portal fans.
	www.railroaddata.com /rrlinks/Bridges_and_Tunnels/more2.html (738 words)

	Treasure Hunters - Photos - Recap - News - Gossip - Reality TV Calendar - What's On When - The authority for reality ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This tunnel was the first underground subway tunnel in the world.
		The old tunnel, that used to lie there under ground, a passage of Acheron-like solemnity and darkness, now all closed and filled up, and soon to be utterly forgotten, with all its reminiscences...
		Our teams consulted their laptops and ask.com to determine that the only tunnel entrance is through a manhole in the middle of the intersection of Court Street and Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn.
	realitytvcalendar.com /recaps/treasurehunters/ap-th-ep04-p1.html (871 words)

	S. Berliner, III's Courtesy Page for the Brooklyn Historic Railway Association
		He hit the tunnel at all three spots and they found the portal area and, 18 feet down, what appeared to be a brick platform.
		He used to live in a tenement house at 64 Atlantic Avenue and played in a hole in the basement, which he and his friends enlarged, allowing them to crawl into the tunnel.
		The middle photo shows a cross-sectional view of Atlantic Avenue; note the belgian block, trolley rail and ties, and then the brick arch of the tunnel roof under the RR tie.
	home.att.net /~Berliner-Ultrasonics/bhra.html (2260 words)

	Learn more about Tunnel in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Learn more about Tunnel in the online encyclopedia.
		A tunnel is an underground passage through a mountain or under a waterway, road or railroad.
		The St. Gothard Tunnel opened in Switzerland on September 5, 1980 as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.32 km) stretching from Goschenen to Airolo.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /t/tu/tunnel.html (418 words)

	Early Transit in New York City
		The Interborough Rapid Transit subway, which broke ground in 1900 after many years of political manovering, was not the first attempt at rapid transit in New York City, nor the first attempt at transit tunneling in New York City.
		Photo above depicts the junction of the 2nd and 3rd Avenue Els at Chatham Square in Manhattan, when the trains were still hauled by small steam locomotives.
		The story of the rise of rapid transit in Brooklyn, including the early days of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit, from 1878 until the signing of the Dual Contracts in March of 1913.
	www.nycsubway.org /faq/earlysubway.html (206 words)

	Weidlinger: Tunnels & Subways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Redesign of cast-in-place tunnel into slurry wall to save $6 million for 700-foot section of tunnel surfacing into ramp on I-93, 50' wide and 27' tall circling Fort Point Channel.
		Finite element study of effect of CA/T and MBTA excavations on structural behavior due to depressurization of glacial till and bedrock.
		Detailed inspection of tunnel's expansion joints, rehabilitation design for damaged areas, new drainage from 42nd to 57th Streets, construction support.
	www.wai.com /Structures/Projects/proji-tunnels-subway.html (675 words)

	Novnain - Exhibit on Underground New York
		The speakers were spaced along the tunnel so that the sound filled the tunnel and allowed us to create the feeling of motion.
		The installation was performed live using a wide array of train sound samples, from whistles to clackity-clacking to the sounds of mechanisms operating.
		Novnain was intended to be interactive, but so much time was spend on the set up of the tunnel that none was left to develop the interactive portion before the show opened.
	at.or.at /novnain (316 words)

	New York
		The Atlantic Avenue tunnel is a section of an old train tunnel that was lost for many years.
		The tunnel was rediscovered by Bob Diamond in 1982, a process that involved digging underneath Con Ed ducts from an entrance in a manhole in the middle of an intersection.
		Information about the tunnel, the tours that Diamond gives, and photos of the entrance as well as photos from a tour, can be found on Saul Blumenthal's NYC subway page at http://wt.mit.edu/Subway/Tunnel/index.html
	www.vad.freehosting.net /urbansites/us_nyc_ny_general.htm (118 words)

	Museum of American Financial History
		History of the Atlantic Avenue Railroad Tunnel and the goals of the Brooklyn Historic Railway Association to restore service on this route.
		The building of the Channel Tunnel which will open for business in the spring of 1993 and will revolutionize travel in Europe.
		The two-part history of one of America's most famous railroads and the money-hungry tycoons who sought to control it.
	www.financialhistory.org /MAGAZINE/list_railroads.htm (538 words)

	Tunnels - Projects - NDT Corporation
		Radar data identify areas of water concentration at the back of or within the liner, voided and grouted areas as well as an assessment of reinforcing spacing and cover.
		Atlantic Avenue Subway Tunnel - MTA Station - New York, NY Baltimore MTA Tunnel Metal Liner Thickness - Baltimore, MD WMATA "G" Line Subway Tunnel - Washington, DC Dewey Square Vehicle Tunnel - Boston, MA 19-Mile Brick-Lined Tunnel New Croton Aqueduct - New Croton, NY
		Locate Stone-Lined Tunnel Millbury Conduit - Millbury, MA Elkwood Wood-Lined Vehicle Tunnel - Elkwood, OR Allegheny Brick-Lined Rail Tunnel - Allegheny, PA Wise 7 and 8 Water Conveyance Tunnel - Wise, CA MBTA Concrete Subway Transit Tunnel - MA Note:
	www.ndtcorporation.com /Tunnel.htm (176 words)

	LTV XPLOITISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The setting for this exhibit is the historic Atlantic Avenue tunnel, the world's first train tunnel built below a city street.
		The event is organized in cooperation with Bob Diamond and the Brooklyn Historic Rail Association.
		Please be aware that the tunnel can only be entered via a short ladder inside a manhole and that you may want to dress accordingly.
	ltvsquad.com /Board-Old/viewtopic.php?TopicID=73 (392 words)

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