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Topic: Atmospheric boundary layer

	AMS Glossary
		The ABL depth (i.e., the inversion height) is variable in time and space, ranging from tens of meters in strongly statically stable situations, to several kilometers in convective conditions over deserts.
		During daytime, a mixed layer of vigorous turbulence grows in depth, capped by a statically stable entrainment zone of intermittent turbulence.
		During nighttime, the bottom of the residual layer is transformed into a statically stable boundary layer by contact with the radiatively cooled surface.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/search?id=atmospheric-boundary-layer1 (216 words)

	Zet hier de titel
		The dispersion of a pollutant in the atmospheric boundary layer is influenced by the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer.
		In particular, in an atmospheric boundary layer driven by convection, pollutants released close to the ground have a tendency to move upwards transported by the updraft thermals whereas the pollutants released at higher heights are carried downwards by the subsidence motions.
		It is clear to observe the influence of the boundary layer characteristics on the release's height of the plume.
	www.met.wau.nl /projects/turbflowabl/turbflowabl.html (644 words)

	Environmental Aerodynamics - Facilities
		The “atmospheric boundary layer” is a layer of air covering the earth in which the airflow is influenced by viscosity (fluid friction).
		Since the thickness of atmospheric boundary layer is determined by the height at which surface friction no longer affects the general flow of the wind, the boundary layer thickness depends on the shape and condition on the surface.
		The wind tunnel was specifically designed to develop a boundary layer thickness of about 3 ft (1 m) with a maximum full-scale wind speed of 13 ft/s (4.0 m/s) in the test section.
	mae.engr.ucdavis.edu /~wind/facilities/ablwt.html (601 words)

	The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Surface measurements of wind speed, temperature and humidity are required for boundary layer studies and the group has collaborated with field experiments with the British Antarctic Survey at Halley research station in the Antarctic and a succession of projects on the Isle of Arran (SW Scotland) with the UK Forestry Commission, the UK Met.
		It is vitally important to understand the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer within the urban environment and the local rural surroundings.
		The boundary layer group has a history of collaboration with the British Antarctic Survey and field experiments are continuing at Halley station and the Lyddan ice rise on the Brunt ice shelf.
	www.env.leeds.ac.uk /research/ias/dynamics/bound_layer.htm (969 words)

	Entrainment process of carbon dioxide in the atmospheric boundary layer
		The observations were analyzed to assess the importance of the entrainment process for the distribution and evolution of carbon dioxide in the boundary layer.
		From the observations we were able to estimate the vertical profiles of the fluxes, the correlation coefficients, and the skewness of the virtual potential temperature, the specific humidity, and the carbon dioxide.
		The observations show that the CO concentration in the boundary layer is reduced much more effectively by the ventilation with entrained air than by CO uptake by the vegetation.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004.../2004JD004725.shtml (470 words)

	Spatial Variability in Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structures over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The increased temperature and the decreased moisture in the cloud layer indicates an increase in the cloud layer relative humidity.
		Transports from the subcloud to the cloud layer may be enhanced when the LCL is close to the base of the transition layer since thermals in the subcloud layer have a higher probability of reaching their condensation level before encountering the stable layer.
		This study indicates that variability in the boundary layer structures observed in the vicinity of the cold tongue and the ITCZ cannot be explained simply as local responses to varying conditions at the ocean surface.
	storm.rsmas.miami.edu /~byin/paper1/paper1.htm (10092 words)

	Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiments (ABLE) is a research initiative devoted to atmospheric research.
		The ABLE is located on the lower Walnut Watershed, mostly in Butler County east of the city of Wichita, Kansas.
		The initial focus of the ABLE is measurements of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) where almost all interactions between the atmosphere and humans take place.
	www.atmos.anl.gov /ABLE (232 words)

	Boundary Layer Convection Research
		The up- and downdrafts of boundary layer convection is the primary way in which the atmosphere moves heat, moisture, momentum, and pollutants between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
		Thus, boundary layer convection is important in the global climate modeling, numerical weather prediction, air-quality modeling, and the dynamics of numerous mesoscale phenomena.
		The role of boundary layer convection in triggering thunderstorms remains largely unexplored as does the extent to which small scale terrain features impact the location and structure of boundary layer convective elements.
	www.ems.psu.edu /~young/hp/res_blc.htm (568 words)

	Atmospheric boundary layer rolls near Spitsbergen studied by ERS SAR and a numerical model
		Sea surface manifestations of atmospheric boundary layer rolls visible on ERS-1 SAR image acquired on March 24, 1993, over the Greenland Sea near Spitsbergen during a cold air outbreak are analysed.
		Furthermore, the variation of the wind speed at the sea surface caused by the air flow associated with the boundary layer rolls is inferred from the SAR image by using the CMOD4 wind scatterometer model.
		These meteorological data are used in a three-dimensional mesoscale atmospheric model by which the formation of the atmospheric boundary layer rolls is simulated.
	earth.esa.int /workshops/ers97/papers/alpers1 (254 words)

	Study of the Diurnal Cycle of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
		This type of circulation aloft generates downward momentum flux into the convective boundary layer and tends to accelerate the upslope flow over the eastern slopes of the Andes, which in turn increases the low-level moisture transport from the lowlands into the Altiplano (Garreaud, 2000).
		A sudden increase on the wind velocities in a 700 m layer close to the surface modifies the rest of the profile, apparently due to conservation of momentum.
		During nighttime, however, the lower atmosphere tends to be stably stratified and less friction is applied to the flow.
	www.nssl.noaa.gov /projects/pacs/salljex/archive/research/galvez/paper-jmgalvez.htm (4423 words)

	Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure
		In windy conditions, the surface layer is characterized by a strong wind shear caused by friction.
		The analysis of the boundary layer structure is not usually that straightforward in the case of low pressure.
		The undulations of the top of the convective boundary layer are due to thermals rising to the free atmosphere and clearer air sinking to the CBL.
	lidar.ssec.wisc.edu /papers/akp_thes/node6.htm (608 words)

	The Atmospheric Boundary Layer - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Modelling of the ABL is crucially dependent for its realism on the surface boundary conditions, and chapters 4 and 5 deal with aerodynamic and energy considerations, with attention to both dry and wet land surfaces and sea.
		The structure of the clear-sky, thermally stratified ABL is treated in chapter 6, including the convective and stable cases over homogeneous land, the marine ABL and the internal boundary layer at the coastline.
		Finally, chapters 8 and 9 bring much of the book’s material together in a discussion of appropriate ABL and surface parameterization schemes in general circulation models of the atmosphere that are being used for climate simulation.
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521380529 (366 words)

	pbl
		Typically, in hydrological studies the atmospheric conditions are assumed to be known whereas the inverse is true for meteorological studies.
		The land surface and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) form a coupled system: the exchanges of water and energy depend on as well as change the temperature and humidity profiles in both.
		The coupled model of surface and atmospheric mixed layer moisture and energy balance is used to investigate the impact of soil and vegetation control on the near-surface atmosphere, which in turn affect the surface forcing.
	web.mit.edu /darae/WWW/pbl.htm (776 words)

	Oxford University Press: Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: J. C. Kaimal
		Boundary layer meteorology is the study of the physical processes that take place in the layer of air that is most influenced by the earth's underlying surface.
		This text/reference gives an uncomplicated view of the structure of the boundary layer, the instruments available for measuring its mean and turbulent properties, how best to make the measurements, and ways to process and analyze the data.
		The authors have pioneered research on atmospheric turbulence and flow, and are noted for their contributions to the study of the boundary layer.
	www.oup.com /us/catalog/general/subject/AtmosphericScience/Climatology/?view=usa&ci=9780195062397 (592 words)

	Gerhard Kramm's syllabus to Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The effects of surface properties and the energy conversion at land and water surfaces (including snow and ice coverages) on the turbulent state of the atmospheric boundary layer are pointed out, where, in particular, the interaction between the atmosphere and the vegetation-soil system is described.
		The pros and cons of various modeling techniques to predict boundary layer flows are discussed, and examples of numerical simulations are presented.
		If you are not able to explain and reproduce the homework you provided, the points given for the respective part of the homework will be deducted.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /~kramm/syllabus_blp.html (1851 words)

	OUP: Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: Kaimal
		Boundary layer meteorology is the study of the physical processes that take place in the layer of air that is most influenced by the earth's underlying surface.
		This text gives an uncomplicated view of the structure of the boundary layer, the instruments available for measuring its mean and turbulent properties, how best to make the measurements, and ways to process and analyse the data.
		The authors have pioneered research on atmospheric turbulence and flow, and are noted for their contributions to the study of the boundary layer.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-506239-6 (474 words)

	AWI: Climate System: Atmospheric Boundary Layer
		This concerns the surface fluxes and the vertical profiles of the fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer.
		Process studies will be carried out with the model METRAS to quantify the influence of different sea ice scenarios on the boundary layer flow.
		The model results are compared with data and analyzed especially with respect to the influence of different sea ice characteristics such as floe length and thickness, surface roughness, and number density of ice ridges.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Climate/rndatmobound.html (243 words)

	Dr. Steven R. Hanna
		Dr. Hanna is a specialist in atmospheric turbulence and dispersion, in the analysis of meteorological and air quality data, and in the development, evaluation, and application of air quality models.
		A method of estimating vertical eddy transport in the planetary boundary layer using characteristics of the vertical velocity spectrum.
		Plume dispersion and concentration fluctuations in the atmosphere.
	envirocomp.com /Resumes/dr_shanna.htm (3094 words)

	Atmospheric Boundary Layer in the Limit of Very Strong Stability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Understanding of the atmospheric boundary-layer regimes and proper parameterization of the surface fluxes are of obvious relevance for climate modeling, weather forecasting, and other important applications in the Arctic region.
		The reduction in the surface friction is responsible for main features of the atmospheric boundary layer in the limit of very strong stability.
		Second, the stress falls off faster with increasing stability than the heat flux, and the stress (or friction velocity) ceases to be a relevant scaling parameter in the limit of very strong stability (frictionless).
	cires.colorado.edu /science/projects/csv-gratchevA01.html (466 words)

	Active Skim View of: 6. The Influence of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer on the Coastal Ocean
		6 The Influence of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer on the Coastal Ocean Physical processes that affect the coastal environment are often unique because of the dominant effect of the interactions between the land and the sea.
		The thermal contrast between the land and the sea contributes to the formation of the land-sea breeze, coastal atmospheric fronts, and atmospherically induced coastal ocean currents and upwelling.
		The lateral boundary is an important element in the coastal circulation on all scales because it can constrain the flow in both the atmosphere and the ocean, and there is often close correspondence between changes in the currents and the local wind forcing.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309046874&chap=51-62 (705 words)

	Mount Washington Observatory: Glossary of Weather Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The canopy is of an approximately uniform thickness, separating the moving air of the atmospheric boundary layer from a less active layer among vegetation below.
		The layer may be so thin that it may only be detected by the presence of a halo around the Sun.
		In the atmosphere, cyclonic circulations are associated with regions of low pressure and stormy weather.
	www.mountwashington.org /glossary/glosc.html (2945 words)

	Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Complex Terrain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Boundary layer circulations occur over complex terrain areas such as mountains, valleys, and coastlines, and in inhomogeneities in surface properties including include roughness, albedo, and soil moisture.
		These circulations are important in cloud initiation and in the transport of heat, momentum, moisture, and other substances between the surface and the troposphere above the boundary layer.
		Opportunities encompass the full cycle of activities: from planning and participating in multisensor field experiments, to integrating information from the many sensors into a unified picture of the boundary layer, to numerically modeling these processes using the complete, analyzed data set for initialization and validation of the model.
	www4.nationalacademies.org /pga/rap.nsf/44ac59cd53fc460885256a220069c796/09e3e64ebba8bb88852570670048b5dd?OpenDocument (182 words)

	Amazon.com: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (Cambridge Atmospheric and Space Science Series): Books: J. R. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He begins with a brief introduction to the ABL before leading to the development of mean and turbulence equations and the many scaling laws and theories that are the cornerstone of any serious ABL treatment.
		Modeling of the ABL is crucially dependent for its realism on the surface boundary conditions, so chapters four and five deal with aerodynamic and energy considerations, with attention given to both dry and wet land surfaces and the sea.
		In the final chapters, Dr. Garratt summarizes the book's material by discussing appropriate ABL and surface parameterization schemes in general circulation models of the atmosphere that are being used for climate stimulation.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521467454?v=glance (1422 words)

	Atmospheric Boundary Layer
		This reduces the momentum equation in the boundary layer to a simple balance between the Coriolis force due to the boundary layer wind
		, the boundary layer's average gradient of the geopotential
		The result is a nonlinear vector equation for the boundary layer wind.
	www.atmos.ucla.edu /~csi/qtcm_man/v2.3/online/node65.html (232 words)

	GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS)
		GABLS is a new project to improve the representation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) in models on the basis of an advanced understanding of the relevant processes.
		The ABL is an important aspect of the physics in regional and global models.
		GABLS an international activity under the GEWEX Modelling and Prediction Panel (GMPP) aimed at stimulating and coordinating research on boundary layer physics.
	www.gewex.org /gabls.htm (232 words)

	Boundary layer meteorology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The research is concentrated on simulations of the boundary layer processes over a complex terrain by numerical models.
		Within the EU project "Atmospheric mesoscale effects on the surface mass and energy balance of polar ice caps" the katabatic flow over the Greenland ice sheet in summer has been modelled by the 2-D PIAPBLM version.
		The experience gained in the project is intended to be taken up in 3-D simulations of the diurnal evolution of a cloud-free atmospheric boundary layer.
	www.ufa.cas.cz /html/meteo/bounlaye.html (376 words)

	Modification of Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Storm Environment
		The heat generated by the atmospheric radiative forcing of the surface is dissipated by the turbulent flux and thermal radiation.
		Land surface modification of the lower atmospheric environment and the atmospheric forcing of these land surface conditions form feedback loops which are significant factors in modulating the variability of the weather and climatic systems.
		Brubaker and Entekhabi [1994] quantify the magnitude of the individual feedback processes associated with the two-way interaction between the surface and the atmospheric boundary layer.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/entek00/node6.html (497 words)

	Coupled Boundary Layer Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST-Low) Light Wind Research Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Existing parameterizations of heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) perform poorly under weak wind regimes, especially in regions of inhomogeneity.
		In addition, such measurements provide important boundary conditions to determine boundary layer turbulence and other atmospheric processes controlling the exchange of energy across the air-sea interface.
		A research aircraft was used in the CBLAST-Low pilot field study to acquire high-resolution in situ atmospheric turbulent fluxes in the MABL and simultaneously document the characteristics of the surface wave field with various remote sensors.
	www.noaa.inel.gov /projects/cblast (1249 words)

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