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Topic: Atmospheric chemistry

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	York University \| [Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry]
		Atmospheric chemists are interested in understanding the chemical composition of the natural atmosphere, the way gases, liquids, and solids in the atmosphere interact with each other and with the earth's surface and associated biota, and how human activities may be changing the chemical and physical characteristics of the atmosphere.
		Atmospheric chemists are needed to study the processes that occur in the stratosphere, and to study the atmospheric impact of the candidate replacement compounds (e.g., HCFCs).
		Atmospheric chemists are needed to study the chemical processes responsible for SO2 oxidation and the environmental and human health impacts of the acidic aerosols that are produced.
	www.cac.yorku.ca /intro.html (1297 words)

	Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling
		Atmospheric chemical modeling is even more important for understanding the impact of air pollutant emissions on the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the consequences on the environment, e.g.
		Atmospheric chemistry models are necessary for clarifying efficient and cost effective abatement strategies to minimize the ecological effects of air pollution.
		The atmospheric chemistry model results which include predictions of the concentrations of ozone, toxic air pollutants, nitrogen compounds and atmospheric acids are important sources of information for other kinds of models.
	www.dri.edu /People/wstock/Modeling_Intro.html (432 words)

	Atmospheric Chemistry
		The atmospheric chemistry subgroup investigates high-latitude chemical reactivity through a combination of field and laboratory studies.
		Investigates the chemistry of atmospheric aerosols through field and laboratory studies.
		She is currently investigating the size and composition of particles entering the Arctic from other regions of the globe.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /AtmosSci/Research/chemistry.html (159 words)

	Atmospheric Chemistry of Earth's Troposphere
		Chemistry plays an influential role in the behavior of the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, the troposphere.
		Gases released by the oceans, emitted by living creatures, and poured into the atmosphere by human activities continually alter the balance of atmospheric chemistry.
		The Carbon Cycle and the Nitrogen Cycles are two important cycles that change the chemistry of the atmosphere.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /earth/Atmosphere/chemistry_troposphere.html (2221 words)

	Unit Conversion - Atmospheric Chemistry
		The lowest part of the atmosphere, the troposphere, is commonly referred to as the "lower atmosphere".
		This is primarily due to gravity, which pulls gas particles close to the earth's surface, resulting in a lower density at higher altitudes.
		Atmospheric composition is often measured in mole fractions.
	michele.usc.edu /cttc/mak/unit_conv_atmosphere.html (645 words)

	PSU2DE Profile: Atmospheric Chemistry
		He was working in the atmospheric chemistry research laboratory of Professor F. Sherwood Rowland, so I paid a visit to that laboratory to see what the scientists were doing.
		Atmospheric chemistry is multi-disciplinary field that falls under the much broader scope of atmospheric science.
		Atmospheric chemists are fundamentally interested in the chemical composition of the atmosphere and how the chemical constituents of the atmosphere interact with each other, sunlight, and many parts of the Earth's surface including soils, vegetation, oceans, ice, and snow.
	www.sciencecareersweb.net /PSU2DE/PSU2DEProfiles/AtmosphChem.htm (1011 words)

	EAS - Atmospheric Chemistry, Aerosols and Clouds Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Overview: Research in atmospheric chemistry, aerosols and clouds is focused on understanding the chemically driven processes that affect the Earth's atmosphere.
		This includes examination of the fate and control of pollutant releases to the atmosphere and also the impact of processes involving chemistry, aerosols and clouds on precipitation and the Earth's radiation balance.
		Large-scale computer-based atmospheric models cloud/aerosol interactions and for photochemical oxidant and airborne particulate matter formation and transport are developed and evaluated against field experimental data.
	www.eas.gatech.edu /research/air.htm (132 words)

	science@nasa - Atmospheric Composition Roadmap
		Solar radiation affects atmospheric chemistry and is thus a critical factor in atmospheric composition.
		The ability of the atmosphere to integrate surface emissions globally on time scales from weeks to years couples several environmental issues including global ozone depletion and recovery and its impact on surface ultraviolet radiation, climate forcing by radiatively active gases and aerosols, and global air quality.
		The Atmospheric Composition Research Strategy is geared to providing an improved prognostic capability for the recovery of stratospheric ozone and its impacts on surface ultraviolet radiation, the evolution of greenhouse gases and their impacts on climate, and the evolution of tropospheric ozone and aerosols and their impacts on climate and air quality.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /strategy/roadmaps/atmospheric.html (601 words)

	Units for Atmospheric Chemistry: Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This document reviews units of quantities pertinent to atmospheric chemistry, with particular emphasis on quantities used to express abundances of substances (mixing ratios, concentrations), reaction rates, and exchange rates between compartments (emission and deposition rates and fluxes, etc.) and presents recommendations for units for these quantities.
		In general SI is well suited for application to atmospheric chemistry; specifically the wide range of magnitudes that are encountered can be dealt with by the prefixes denoting multiples and submultiples of units, and the application of SI units leads automatically to consistency in unit calculus.
		As SI units are increasingly employed in the broader atmospheric and environmental research community, as well as in laboratory research, it is hoped that the increased use of these units by scientists in all these disciplines will foster cross-disciplinary understanding and communication.
	www.ecd.bnl.gov /steve/abstracts/Units.html (622 words)

	Glossary of Atmospheric Chemistry
		The diversified nature of the scientists involved in research in atmospheric chemistry, chemists, meteorologists, physicists, biologists, engineers, and others, points to the very special need for a definition of the common terms employed by each specialist with recommendations where alternative terms or units are in use today.
		Atmosphere (of the earth): The entire mass of air surrounding the earth which is composed largely of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, clouds (liquid or solid water), carbon dioxide, together with trace gases and aerosols; see air, composition of pure.
		Eddy diffusion in the atmosphere is the process of transport of gases due to turbulent mixing in the presence of a composition gradient.
	www.iupac.org /reports/1990/6211calvert/glossary.html (15340 words)

	Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury Compounds, Exposure Research, US EPA
		A full assessment of the atmospheric release of compounds listed in the EPA Urban Air Toxics Strategy requires high quality chemical mechanisms that can be used to determine atmospheric lifetimes and fates.
		Volatile inorganic Hg compounds are emitted into the atmosphere mainly as elemental mercury (Hg) and to a lesser extent as oxidized compounds (Hg Once emitted Hg may react with atmospheric free radicals to form Hg compounds that readily deposit by dry and wet processes to land and aquatic surfaces.
		The atmospheric chemistry of Hg compounds is highly complex, far more complicated than that of hydrocarbons involved in smog formation, a major focus of the EPA's model development efforts over the past 30 years.
	www.epa.gov /nerl/research/2001/g1-1.html (1193 words)

	NASA GISS: Research in Atmospheric Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Atmospheric chemistry is the study of the chemical constituents of Earth's atmosphere, and the roles they play in influencing the atmosphere's temperature, radiation, and dynamics.
		Research in this field is therefore concerned with biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, trace gas distributions, and the chemical reactions of molecules and atoms in the atmosphere.
		Research in atmospheric chemistry at GISS includes near-term issues such as air quality and ozone depletion but is primarily focused on the longer-term linkages between atmospheric chemistry and global climate.
	www.giss.nasa.gov /research/chemistry (364 words)

	Atmospheric Chemistry
		The atmospheric chemistry studies the chemical composition of the natural atmosphere, the way gases, liquids, and solids in the atmosphere interact with each other and with the earth's surface and associated biota, and how human activities may be changing the chemical and physical characteristics of the atmosphere.
		It is interesting to note that the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 was awarded to the atmospheric scientists P.
		From the atmospheric science viewpoint, interactions of all gasses amoung themselves and their interaction with the environmental elements are of interest.
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /~cchieh/cact/applychem/atmosphere.html (889 words)

	Links- Atmospheric Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		CSIRO - Division of Atmospheric Research - research aimed at solving significant problems concerning the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere of both the Australian region and the globe.
		National Center for Atmospheric Research - Atmospheric Chemistry Division - working to identify and quantify the natural and anthropogenic processes that regulate the chemical composition of the troposphere and middle atmosphere and to assess future changes caused by human activities.
		University of Miami - Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry - activities are focused on understanding the cycling and transport of chemicals in the oceans and atmosphere.
	www.ns.purchase.edu /chemistry/old_site/mainpages/otherlinks/Atmospheric/CDatm.htm (1005 words)

	in-cites - Journals - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
		Published by the Copernicus Society, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics is an international and interactive science journal of the European Geosciences Union.
		Most successful scientific journals in physics, chemistry, and life sciences push for very short peer review times (2-4 weeks), and short papers with a lack of detailed information and scientific rigor are often treated preferentially.
		With respect to scientific publishing, the recent developments in the fields of atmospheric research and geosciences have been essentially the same as in other fields of natural sciences.
	www.in-cites.com /journals/AtmosphericChe-N-Phy.html (1801 words)

	MIT Integrated Framework: Climate
		An atmospheric chemistry model and the 2D-LO climate model are coupled to run interactively and simultaneously, to provide predictions of the atmospheric concentration of radiatively and chemically important trace species.
		To calculate atmospheric composition, the model of atmospheric chemistry includes analysis of the climate-relevant reactive gases and aerosols at urban scales, coupled to a model of the processing of exported pollutants from urban areas (plus the emissions from non-urban areas) at the regional to global scale.
		The atmospheric model calculates 24-hour means of heat and fresh-water fluxes over the open ocean, and a heat flux over sea ice, as well as their derivatives with respect to surface temperature and the wind stress.
	web.mit.edu /globalchange/www/climate.html (2245 words)

	EMSL: Research - Air Quality & Atmospheric Chemistry
		This involves understanding atmospheric cycling of particular chemicals, and fundamental physical properties and reaction rates of gases, aerosols, and surfaces.
		The Molecular Science Computing Facility, a state-of-the-art computational chemistry resource consists of a large, massively parallel computer (512 processor IBM SP), an experimental computing laboratory, a data archive system, a graphics and visualization laboratory, and the award-winning Molecular Science Software Suite that enables computational chemists to focus advanced techniques on complex chemical problems.
		These resources are most effectively used for collaborative research where users gain access to unique pieces of instrumentation or instrument clusters and interact with experienced staff members, who help users develop customized research strategies to take advantage of the extensive experimental and computational capabilities in the facility.
	www.emsl.pnl.gov /proj/atmospheric.html (414 words)

	IMAGE - Atmospheric Chemistry
		The Atmospheric Chemistry Model of IMAGE 2.2 (ACM) calculates the concentrations of the most important greenhouse gases and other reactive gases.
		Thus the change in concentrations depends on the change in both emissions and the atmospheric removal, determined by its atmospheric lifetime.
		On the basis of recent literature, the CO yield factor for NMVOC emissions is 0.4; the lifetime of CO due to soil uptake and stratospheric loss is 1.10 year (Müller and Brasseur, 1995).
	www.mnp.nl /image/model_details/atmospheric_chemistry (462 words)

	atmospheric chemistry
		Chemistry and transport of carbon monoxide (CO) in the troposphere (Roelofs/Krol, IMAU, EO-031)
		Mapping the spatial distribution of water vapour in the earth's atmosphere is difficult due to the limited spatial and temporal resolutions of contemporary meteorological instrumentation.
		Atmospheric aerosols are of great importance because of their role in long-range transport of pollutants, their impacts on human health, the Earth’s climate, visibility and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR).
	www.sron.nl /external_research/atmospheric_chemistry.htm (13053 words)

	Atmospheric Chemistry Earth Sciences Science
		- The Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is devoted to the study of the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere, the emphasis being laid on the region below about 100 km.
		- The overall scientific goal of ACD is to identify and quantify the natural and anthropogenic processes that regulate the chemical composition of the troposphere and middle atmosphere and to assess future changes caused by human activities.
		- Research into regional and continental chemistry and the fate of tropospheric air pollutants, extracontinental and global chemistry and the fate of tropospheric air pollutants, and aerosol genesis.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Science/Earth_Sciences/Atmospheric_Chemistry (1134 words)

	Atmospheric Chemistry Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The thrusts of this research are on regional and continental chemistry and fate of tropospheric air pollutants, extracontinental and global chemistry and fate of tropospheric air pollutants, and aerosol genesis.
		Field studies are conducted with aircraft and surface measurements on reaction chemistry, advective influences on the chemical composition of chemistry, and air-surface exchange processes.
		Modeling efforts address both chemistry and dynamics on regional and global scales.
	gonzalo.er.anl.gov /ACP (308 words)

	Atmospheric Chemistry Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		ACSOE was a 5-year NERC research programme on tropospheric chemistry coordinated by the University of East Anglia and involving research groups from a number of UK universities and research institutes.
		This dataset, held at the Centre for Atmospheric Science in Cambridge, is a compiled list of current up-to-date evaluated atmospheric gas kinetic rates recommended by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation.
		SOAPEX-2 is primarily an experiment to study atmospheric cleansing by free radicals in extremely clean and slightly perturbed tropospheric air and focuses on a field campaign carried out at Cape Grim, Tasmania in January-February 1999.
	badc.nerc.ac.uk /data/chemistry.html (2673 words)

	UCLA: Atmospheric Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Atmospheric chemistry plays a key role in defining the sources and sinks of these compounds, and their effects on air quality, the ozone layer, and various elements of the climate system.
		The atmospheric chemistry modeling program at UCLA includes studies of stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry including photochemical and heterogeneous chemical processes.
		The atmospheric chemistry program also addresses the physical chemistry of condensed matter in various regions of the atmosphere, including various types of aerosols in the stratosphere and troposphere.
	www.atmos.ucla.edu /faculty/atm_chemistry.html (493 words)

	MIT Chemistry: Mario J. Molina
		Our research group is concerned with the chemistry of the atmosphere and with the various ways in which human society can affect it.
		Our goal is to understand at a fundamental level the key atmospheric chemical processes that have important consequences, so that we can make reliable predictions of future changes.
		We are studying the chemistry and the microphysics of a variety of atmospheric aerosols.
	web.mit.edu /chemistry/www/faculty/molina.html (620 words)

	University of Colorado at Boulder :: Chemistry and Biochemistry
		The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, centrally located on the beautiful Boulder Campus of the University of Colorado, is recognized internationally for its outstanding record in research, graduate education, and classroom teaching.
		In addition, interdisciplinary programs in materials/nanotech, biotech, and environmental and atmospheric chemistry are well established and have a long tradition in the Department.
		There are currently about 450 undergraduate biochemistry and chemistry majors, 250 graduate students, and 70 post-doctoral associates and visiting fellows in the Department.
	www.colorado.edu /Chemistry (327 words)

	Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry - Cambridge University Press
		Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry is a concise, clear review of the fundamental aspects of atmospheric chemistry.
		Written by a well-known atmospheric science teacher, researcher, and author of several established textbooks, this book is an introductory textbook for beginning university courses in atmospheric chemistry.
		This one contains much background material required for a first-tome course in atmospheric chemistry this knowledge is applied in numerous solved problems throughout the text, and students will find the exercises very helpful I expect this book to become required reading for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in atmospheric chemistry at the introductory level.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=052177800X (422 words)

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