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Topic: Atmospheric dispersion model

    Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

Air Dispersion Modeling The committee's purpose is to review current understanding of atmospheric dispersion and to identify suitable models for use primarily in authorization or licensing, in the context of atmospheric discharges from nuclear industry activities. Launch cloud and atmospheric tracer data collected by the MVP were used to test and upgrade the dispersion model predictions. Within the program, a Pollution Dispersion team: studies the Lagrangian theory of turbulent dispersion; conducts laboratory and field studies of convective boundary layer growth, turbulence, and dispersion; and develops advanced air dispersion models utilizing ideas from the Lagrangian theory studies and from the laboratory and field studies. www.medlina.com /air_dispersion_modeling.htm

Active Skim View of: 4. Dispersion Modeling: Application to C/B/N Releases An additional challenge is that atmospheric dispersion models must be capable of assimilating measurements that come from an assortment of data collection networks, with information of uneven quality and quantity, collected over irregular time periods. Such data used in a spatial-average dispersion model could substantially reduce the realizationto-realization variability that now accompanies the prediction of the atmospheric dispersion of a short-term release. the output of a spatial-average dispersion model is properly interpreted not as a 2 Large-eddy simulation is the term used for the numerical calculation of three-dimensional, timedependent turbulent flows using spatial resolution sufficient to resolve the largest turbulent eddies. www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309089263&chap=33-54

ISC-AERMOD - Complete Air Dispersion Modeling Environment for the U.S. EPA AERMOD & ISC-PRIME Models, and the ISCST3 Air Quality Model - Environmental Software Meteorology Pathway (ME): where you define the atmospheric conditions of the area being modeled so that it can be taken into account when determining the distribution of air pollution impacts for the area. The ISCST3 model uses real-time meteorological data to account for the atmospheric conditions that affect the distribution of air pollution impacts on the modeling area. The model contains algorithms for modeling the effects of settling and removal (through dry deposition) of large particulates and for modeling the effects of precipitation scavenging for gases or particulates. www.scisoftware.com /environmental_software/detailed_description.php?products_id=28

Hazardous Substance Research Centers/South & Southwest Koo, Y.S. and D.D. Reible, "Numerical Modeling of the Effects of a Thermal Fence on Pollutant Dispersion in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer," Journal of Applied Meteorology, 35/11, 2121-2128 (1996). Valsaraj, K, T. and L. Thibodeaux, "On the linear driving force model for sorption kinetics of organic compounds on suspended sediment particles" Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. Saunders, M., "Sediment-Based Intrinsic Bioremediation at Robins Air Force Base", Final Report submitted to the Hazardous Substance Research Center/S&SW, August 1998 www.hsrc-ssw.org /sswpubs.html

EEA - Reports - Ambient air quality, pollutant dispersion and transport models - 3.State-of-the-art Its major components are (i) an atmospheric model which performs the actual simulations, (ii) an isentropic analysis package which prepares initial data for the atmospheric model from observed meteorological data, and (iii) a post-processing model visualisation and analysis package which interfaces atmospheric model output with a variety of visualisation software utilities. It was developed at the Colorado State University and ASTeR, Inc. The Lagrangian model attempts to deal with the subgrid-scale aspects of a pollutant release while the Eulerian model takes over when the contaminant 'cloud' becomes adequately resolved on the computational grid, thus reducing the number of particles needed and increasing the computational efficiency. The meteorological data are in the form of a joint frequency table of stability class, wind speed (3 classes), and wind direction (12 sectors). reports.eea.eu.int /92-9167-028-6/en/page004.html

ESTS0331: MESORAD, Emergency Response Airborne Dose Assessment Atmospheric processes are represented by a combination of Lagrangian puff and Gaussian plume dispersion models, a source depletion (deposition velocity) dry deposition model, and a wet deposition model using washout coefficients based on precipitation rates. Dose assessment calculations occur simultaneously with the atmospheric dispersion and deposition calculations. Keywords: atmospheric precipitations, deposition, dispersions, meteorology, nuclear power plants, radiation doses, radionuclide migration www.nea.fr /abs/html/ests0331.html   (592 words)

Four-Dimensional Weather (4DWX) The mesoscale model has been linked with an atmospheric dispersion model to simulate chemical/biological simulant and military smoke/obscurant tests at DPG, with a noise propagation model to simulate sound intensity for explosive detonations at ATC, and with ballistic trajectory and debris fallout models to simulate missile tests at WSMR. The Four-Dimensional Weather (4DWX) System was designed and developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in collaboration with the DPG Meteorology Division to enhance meteorological support capabilities at the major U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) test ranges and provide atmospheric inputs to the ATEC Virtual Proving Ground (VPG). Major 4DWX components include a common data archival/retrieval system for both internal and external meteorological data sources, a high-resolution mesoscale meteorological model, a variety of two- and three-dimensional displays to depict and analyze observed and model data, and an automated thunderstorm forecast system. vpg.dtc.army.mil /features/61.html   (213 words)

Harmonisation News ... Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes At the 5th International Conference the community of model developers and model users will have the opportunity to continue the work on harmonisation of atmospheric transport and dispersion models for regulatory use along the lines of physically sound models, quality controlled experimental data and appropriate statistical tests. The realistic way towards this goal is model harmonisation in some respects: harmonisation of certain concepts, data handling procedures, evaluation procedures etc., with the current status of knowledge as a common point of reference. milos.ipta.demokritos.gr /Harmo/HarmNews.htm   (213 words)

Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling Technical Area Although prognostic atmospheric models have been used routinely for many years for synoptic and mesoscale applications, their computational demands have, until recently, limited their use in predicting mesoscale and microscale circulations and dispersion in complex terrain. Mesoscale modeling studies contribute to the understanding of lower atmospheric processes and the findings of these studies are applicable to DOE missions including emergency preparedness and response concerns, air quality issues, and the relationship between regional and global climate change. Recognizing the need to accurately describe mesoscale circulations and their effect on the dispersion of air pollutants, our approach is to rigorously compare model results with observational data whenever possible. www.pnl.gov /atmos_sciences/as_meso.html   (354 words)

Pollutant Transport & Dispersion Currently, research is being conducted jointly with the Montana Institute of Technology to continue the development of this model under stable atmospheric conditions and also to investigate plume downwash near building. aimed at collection of atmospheric tracer field data for evaluation of PRIME downwash model These programs led to the development of a simple, meandering plume model for predicting peak instantaneous concentrations in dispersing plumes. www.ce.wsu.edu /LAR/LARresearch/PTD/PTD.htm   (354 words)

SERVICES - RISK These models were selected based on their capabilities to simulate the chemical reactions, thermodynamics and atmospheric dispersion of UF6 released from accidents at nuclear fuel cycle facilities in support of Integrated Safety Analysis, Emergency Planing, and Post-Accident Analysis. A detailed post-accident analysis was carried out, which included development of a detailed time dependent thermodynamic model of the release, a detailed incident-specific model for chemical speciation, and a detailed air dispersion model for assessing air concentration and deposition of UO and HF, the products arising from the interaction of UF with water vapour. A review of existing models potentially applicable for assessing the consequences of a uranium hexafluoride (UF6) release was carried out. www.senes.ca /risk_as_ind_post_feat.html   (354 words)

Chronic Beryllium Disease and Cancer Risk Estimates with Uncertainty for Beryllium Released to the Air from the Rocky Flats Plant We used the regional atmospheric transport code for Hanford emission tracking atmospheric transport model for exposure calculations because it is particularly well suited for long-term annual-average dispersion estimates and it incorporates spatially varying meteorologic and environmental parameters. We accounted for model prediction uncertainty by using several multiplicative stochastic correction factors in the dispersion estimate, the meteorology, and deposition and plume depletion. Although we could have evaluated beryllium intake from ingesting vegetation subject to deposition from the air, livestock inhaling air, surface water, soil and sediment, livestock ingesting soil or sediment, vegetation grown in soil, and livestock ingesting vegetation grown in soil, these pathways would be expected to contribute only a small amount to overall risk. ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1999/107p731-744mcgavran/mcgavran-full.html   (11015 words)

Supplemental Application Guidance for Unguided Suborbital Launch Vehicles (USLV's) Impact dispersion of a launch vehicle is the statistical deviation of the actual impact point from the predicted nominal impact point. This plane is tangent to the ellipsoidal earth model at the intersection point of a line and the earth's surface where the line is normal with the earth's surface and passes through the launch vehicle's current earth centered position. The dispersion distance is in terms of a standard deviation value (referred to as sigma). ast.faa.gov /files/other_docs/contest/attach_1.htm   (11015 words)

The UW Isentropic Analysis and Modeling Group Johnson (1997) established for a model without drift that a positive definite source of entropy requires that the simulated climate state be biased cold, and that sigma coordinate model simulations are subject to positive definite aphysical sources of entropy in association with the numerical diffusion/dispersion of energy. The primary objective of this research is to advance the modeling and understanding of atmospheric processes involving water substances and the transport of inert trace constituents. Also, since the implicit source of entropy in a sigma coordinate model is determined from a calculation of heating that is separate from the prognostic calculation of temperature, a prognostic error in temperature induces an erroneous aphysical source of entropy. www.ssec.wisc.edu /theta   (707 words)

A 15-year climatology of stratosphere-troposphere exchange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model: 1. Methodology and validation The Lagrangian particle dispersion model, FLEXPART, which includes additional parametrizations for transport by subgrid-scale convection and turbulent eddies, is employed to investigate stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE), based on 15 years of ECMWF global atmospheric reanalysis data (ERA-15). Citation: James, P. Stohl, C. Forster, S. Eckhardt, P. Seibert, and A. Frank ( 2003), A 15-year climatology of stratosphere-troposphere exchange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model: 1. A 15-year climatology of stratosphere-troposphere exchange with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model: 1. www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JD002637.shtml   (707 words)

T/P & Jason Science Working Team - Abstracts A reduced gravity, primitive equation, sigma coordinate, ocean general circulation model (OGCM) model coupled to an advective atmospheric mixed layer model is employed to investigate the sea level variability and air-sea interaction of the tropical Indian Ocean. A significant difference exists between zonal wavenumbers and frequencies of these shared spectral peaks and those indicated by the theoretical Rossby wave dispersion relation (Killworth et al., 1997). Animation sequences and time-longitude diagrams of covarying SLH, SST, and MSW differences and anomalies are characterized by westward phase propagation across the Indian and Pacific oceans in fixed phase with one another. oceanobs99.cls.fr /swt/abstract/low-frequency.html   (6092 words)

INVESTIGATION OF INHALABLE AEROSOL DISPERSION AT CUBATÃO BY MEANS OF A MODELING SYSTEM FOR COMPLEX TERRAIN - Begell House Inc. A modeling system, consisting of the mesoscale model RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System), the Lagrangian dispersion model SPRAY, and the interface code MIRS (Model for Interfacing RAMS and SPRAY), has been used to numerically investigate the dispersions of inhalable particulate matter emitted by fertilizer plants located at Cubatao (Brazil). RAMS produced the wind fields on the basis of large scale meteorological analysis; MIRS prepared the turbulence statistics field and transformed the RAMS output into SPRAY inputs; SPRAY also computed the concentration field. www.begellhouse.com /journals/1a37c0433d303e8b,7a0dd8b40eaafd93,71ca286e2af97f96.html   (6092 words)

CSIRO - Awesome new supercomputer for CSIRO, Bureau of Meteorology The increased power of the new SX-5 will enable the Bureau and CSIRO to model atmospheric processes in far greater detail and accuracy than before, leading to more accurate modelling of both short-term and city-scale weather events and of long-term seasonal variability, including greenhouse-induced climate change. A new NEC SX-5 supercomputer will be installed in Melbourne and used by climate researchers, weather forecasters, drug designers, polymer chemists and atmospheric scientists from CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology. It will also boost co-operative investigations into the complex ocean-atmosphere interactions, and into air quality forecasting and pollutant dispersion studies. www.csiro.au /index.asp?type=mediaRelease&id=Supercomputer   (6092 words)

Car Fleet Emissions Estimated from Urban Air Quality Measurements and Street Pollution Models Groisman and L.G. Khurshudyan; A new Russian regulatory dispersion model MEAN for calculation of mean annual concentrations and its meteorological preprocessor, Int. Genikhovich E.L. ; Double-flux description of the transport of passive scalars in the convective atmospheric boundary layer, In: Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application, S.-E. Gryning and E. Bachvarova (editors), Plenum Press, New York and London, (1999) in press Genikhovich, E.L., M.E. Berlyand, I.G. Gracheva, V.S. Eliseev, A.D. Ziv, R.I. Onikul, E.N. Filatova, L.H. Khurshudyan, S.S. Chicherin and E.A. Iakovleva; Operational model for calculation of long-term averaged concentrations, Trudy GGO (Transactions of the Main Geophysical Observatory), 580 (1998) 11 - 31 (in Russian) aix.meng.auth.gr /saturn/annualrep98/Genikhovich.html   (1055 words)

ecmwf02.doc We studied the atmospheric response to the large-amplitude orographic forcing of Greenland on scales ranging from synoptic scale (Rossby wave excitation and dispersion) through meso- (gravity wave excitation, and propogation) and down to microscale (gravity-wave breakdown with subsequent convective overtuning and turbulence generation). In the initial stage, the primary aim was to assess the model robustness and to establish the confidence in the numerical solutions via testing various optional numerical approximations (e.g., semi-Lagrangian versus Eulerian) throughout the range of flow regimes. Numerous numerical experiments have been conducted with the anelastic model EULAG. www.pa.op.dlr.de /arctic/projects/ecmwf02.doc   (1055 words)

schnelle Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling for Compliance, McGraw Hill, Inc. 525 pages, 1999. Schnelle, Jr., K. B., "Atmospheric Diffusion Modeling,” Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Vo1. Model procedures and practices for the destruction of large quantities of seized, illicit drugs must be identified and benchmarked. www.che.vanderbilt.edu /schnelle.htm   (632 words)

Results for D3 (3 km) For general information on the activities of the Atmospheric and Dispersion Modeling Program of the Desert Research Institute see www.adim.dri.edu Real-time mesoscale model 5 (MM5) 26-hour weather forecast for the Western US with an emphasis on California Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) Real Time Forecasting Results for California www.adim.dri.edu /Projects/CalBoat/jsp/index.html   (206 words)

MSc Meteorology: Air Quality Models for calculation of dispersion, chemical conversion and deposition are widely used for environmental policy, inventory of air quality, scenario analysis and for obtaining better insight in processes like deposition, aerosol and ozone formation etc. taking place in the atmosphere. Validation of models is important in assessing accuracy of model prediction or stimulation of knowledge on atmospheric processes. Mobile profile measurements for deposition studies and testing of dispersion models. www.wau.nl /mma/layout/prof_aq.html   (372 words)

Physical Processes Affecting Natural Depletion of Volatile Chemicals in Soil and Groundwater -- Parker 2 (2): 222 -- Vadose Zone Journal Dispersion of contaminant during oscillatory gas-motion driven by atmospheric presure variations. Effects of atmospheric pressures on gas transport in the vadose zone. Neeper, D.A. A model of oscillatory transport in granular soils, with application to barometric pumping and earth tides. vzj.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/2/222   (372 words)

The impact of ENSO on atmospheric intraseasonal variability as inferred from observations and GCM simulations.  Part II: Influences on the extratropical circulation Both the GCM and reanalysis data indicate that the amplitude of intraseasonal variability near the key region, as well as incoming wave activity in the westen Pacific and dispersion to the western U.S., are enhanced in cold ENSO events as compared to warm events. Similar modulations of the MJO-related circulation patterns in the extratropics by ENSO forcing are discernible in the model simulation. Southeastward dispersion from the North Pacific to North America can be found in later phases of the lifecycle of the anomaly. www.gfdl.noaa.gov /reference/bibliography/forthcoming/cyt0402_man.html   (490 words)

Comprehensive Atmospheric Modeling Program @ George Mason University tion Sciences (ESGS) Program, focusing on research areas of mesoscale meteorological modeling, high fidelity severe weather prediction and atmospheric transport and dispersion model development and evaluation/validation. CAMP is an atmospheric modeling group offering a competitive research environment and advanced degrees in the area of atmospheric modeling from local scale (urban) to regional (mesoscale) scales and estimation of transport and dispersion from a wide variety of source scenarios. Comprehensive Atmospheric Modeling Program (CAMP) is one of several research programs within the camp.gmu.edu   (490 words)

EPA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards - FERA - Human Exposure Modeling - Human Exposure Model (HEM) The HEM contains (1) an atmospheric dispersion model, the Industrial Source Complex Model, with included meteorological data: and (2) U.S. Bureau of Census population data at the Census block level. Data requirements are somewhat higher for HEM-3 compared to HEM-Screen; however, the results are typically more refined because ISCST3 provides several additional dispersion modeling options. The HEM provides ambient air concentrations, as surrogates for lifetime exposure, for use with unit risk estimates and inhalation reference concentrations to produce estimates of cancer risk and noncancer hazard, respectively, for the air toxics modeled. www.epa.gov /ttn/fera/human_hem.html   (513 words)

Ecological Modelling. J.M. Abril, M.M. Abdel-Aal, A modelling study on hydrodynamics and pollutant dispersion in the Suez Canal, Ecological Modelling 128 (1) (2000) pp. Jonathan D. Haskett, Yakov A. Pachepsky, Basil Acock, Effect of climate and atmospheric change on soybean water stress: a study of Iowa, Ecological Modelling 135 (2-3) (2000) pp. Ottosson, O. Abrahamsson, Presentation and analysis of a model simulating epilimnetic and hypolimnetic temperatures in lakes, Ecological Modelling 110 (3) (1998) pp. elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/03043800/viewer.htt?viewtype=authors&...   (772 words)

refs.doc A., 201, 159-174 Teterev, A. V., and I. Nemtchinov, 1993, The Sand Bag Model of the Dispersion of the Cosmic Body in the Atmosphere, LPSC XXIV, 1415-1416 (abstract) Tsvetkov, V. Sisov, and N. Syrnikov, 1977, On Fracture Mechanisms of Rock by Explosions in Impact and Explosion Cratering: Planetary and Terrestrial Implications Eds. Inter., 11, 1-35 Brackett, Robert A. and William B. McKinnon, 1992, Cratering Mechanics on Venus: Pressure Enhancement by the Atmospheric “Ocean”, Geophys. Roddy, R. Pepin, R. Merrill, Pergamon Press, New York Schultz, Peter H., 1992, Atmospheric Effects on Ejecta Emplacement and Crater Formation on Venus from Magellan, JGR 97, E10, 16183-16248 Sedov, L. I., Similarity and Dimensional Methods in Mechanics, Academic Press, New York, 1959 Sekanina, Zdenek, 1998, Evidence for Asteroidal Origin of the Tunguska Object, Planet. www.accd.edu /sac/astronom/astr1370/Wood/dissertation/refs.doc   (772 words)

LA HAGUE RADIOACTIVE AIR 90,000 TIMES HIGHER THAN BACKGROUND - GREENPEACE RELEASES FIRST SAMPLE RESULTS A dispersion model released by Greenpeace reveals how the discharged radioactivity spreads over large parts of Europe, covering France, UK, Belgium, Netherlands and Germany with radioactivity levels sometimes up to 100 times or more above background. "Those countries that dumped their waste on France are now receiving some of it back through atmospheric pollution. La Hague, France -- Greenpeace today announced that it had discovered high levels of aerial contamination in the surroundings of Cogema's plutonium reprocessing facility. www.greenpeace.org /pressreleases/nucreprocess/1998nov9.html   (772 words)

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