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Topic: Atmospheric tides

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	Tide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tide is the regular rising and falling of the ocean's surface caused by changes in gravitational forces external to the Earth.
		The tides' range is then at its maximum: this is called the "spring tide", or just "springs" and is derived not from the season of spring but rather from the German verb springen, meaning "to leap up".
		Spring tides result in high waters that are higher than average, low waters that are lower than average, slack water time that is shorter than average and stronger tidal currents than average.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tides (2758 words)

	ATMOSPHERIC - Definition
		Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric envelope of the earth.
		{Atmospheric engine}, a steam engine whose piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is condensed within the cylinder.
		{Atmospheric railway}, one in which pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/atmospheric (139 words)

	NCAR names two new senior scientists
		She traces the tides from their beginnings, studying how solar radiation is absorbed by molecules in the atmosphere’s lower layers and creates oscillations that extend into the higher layers, where the wave amplitudes enlarge because of decreasing air density.
		Atmospheric tides are global-scale waves with periods that are harmonics, or multiples, of a 24-hour day.
		The tides are driven in large part by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by stratospheric ozone and of infrared radiation by tropospheric water vapor.
	www.ucar.edu /communications/staffnotes/0308/senior.html (772 words)

	Tides
		This static theory explained the connection with the moon, the semidiurnal tide, and the alternation of spring and neap tides as the superposition of the lunar and solar tides, and gave a reasonable estimate of the tidal range.
		It is interesting to note that the relation of the period of the natural motion and the period of the tidal forces is opposite for tides in the solid earth, so that earth tides are a maximum or minimum when the moon is at the zenith or nadir.
		The tides are not simultaneous, as in the Gulf.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/geol/tides.htm (3156 words)

	Tide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Also there is only a slight tide in the Mediterranean due to the narrow connection with the ocean.
		The moon's gravitational force pulls on the earth creating a high tide on the moon side of the earth, which travels around the earth in one lunar day.
		The amplitude of terrestrial tides is about 1.5 metres at the equator, and they are nearly in phase with the Moon (the tidal lag is about two hours only) - which means that they reinforce the apparent oceanic tides.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/T/Tide.htm (1576 words)

	ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE STUDIES OF MARS
		Vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, the infrared extinction of dust suspended in the atmosphere, atmospheric water vapor, and condensate hazes will be retrieved from infrared measurements having a vertical resolution of 5 km, which is half an atmospheric scale height.
		The key parameters determining the radiative effects of dust suspended in the atmosphere are: first, the spatial distribution of the dust and its variation with time, and second, the optical properties of the dust, including the visible and infrared opacities and the effective single scattering albedo and phase function of the dust particles.
		Vertical profiles of atmospheric properties are constructed from observations in three fields-of-view (FOV) scanned across the limb and onto the planet using a two-axis scan mirror situated in the optical chain ahead of the primary telescope.
	www.exploringmars.com /missions/mco/pmirr/pmirr_paper.html (16045 words)

	a12a in wp04
		Tides also have an influence on the global variation of composition and airglow that are not well modeled.
		AB: Tidal motions in Earth's atmosphere are driven by the absorption of solar radiation in the troposphere and stratosphere.
		There is a strong indication for the presence of non-migrating tides and longitudinal asymmetries in the temporal behaviour of tidal forcing.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=wp04&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/wp04/wp04&maxhits=200&="A12A" (922 words)

	Moon and Weather (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Vince Calder ==================================================== Donald, The atmosphere, being a fluid, is affected by the moon, resulting in an Atmospheric Tide, a wave that propagates through the atmosphere.
		However, the increase in atmospheric pressure that occurs at the front edge of the wave is so slight that it is hard to detect from the myriad of other waves that are always present in the atmosphere.
		This effect is directly proportional to the mass of the body causing the tide but inversely proportional to the cube of the distance between the bodies.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/wea00/wea00209.htm (462 words)

	Bernhard Haurwitz, August 14, 1905—February 22, 1986 \| By Julius London \| Biographical Memoirs
		In addition to his many basic contributions to the study of short-period atmospheric wave motions, planetary waves, including atmospheric tides, and vortex motions in tropical cyclones, he wrote important papers on such subjects as atmospheric radiation, wave structure of noctilucent clouds, and attempts to document internal tides in the oceans.
		Haurwitz assumed that atmospheric columns near the center and the outer part of the storm are each in approximate hydrostatic equilibrium and that the vertically averaged mean temperature near the center of the storm is warmer than that at the outer part.
		However, the observed amplitude of the diurnal tide is smaller than that of the semidiurnal tide, which is apparently inconsistent with the relative amplitudes of the diurnal and semidiurnal temperature oscillations.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/books/biomems/bhaurwitz.html (6552 words)

	AMS Glossary
		—(Also called atmospheric oscillation.) Defined in analogy to the oceanic tide as an atmospheric motion of the scale of the earth, in which vertical accelerations are neglected (but compressibility is taken into account).
		Both the sun and moon produce atmospheric tides, and there exist both gravitational tides and thermal tides.
		The harmonic component of greatest amplitude, the 12-hour or semidiurnal solar atmospheric tide, is both gravitational and thermal in origin, the fact that it is greater than the corresponding lunar atmospheric tide being ascribed usually to a resonance in the atmosphere with a free period very close to the tidal period.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/search?id=atmospheric-tide1 (139 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Satellite Gravity and the Geosphere: Contributions to the Study of the Solid Earth and Its Fluid ...
		Cyclones and atmospheric tides cause the mass of the atmospheric column to vary by 1 to 10%.
		Indeed, the atmosphere contributes a significant fraction of the Earth's total time-dependent gravity field and is one of the largest sources of time-dependent signal at periods of about 1 year and less.
		In summary, uncertainties in atmospheric pressure data used to remove the atmospheric signal from the gravity estimates are large enough that they could sometimes be the dominant error source for hydrological or glaciological estimates.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309057922/html/79.html (2422 words)

	Lesson 30 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Earthtides result from the same tidal forces as ocean tides but the result (maximum tidal distortion is about 230 millimeters or 9 inches) is not as great.
		A much greater deforming force is the rotation of the Earth which causes our planet to flatten at the poles (the distance between the poles is about 27 miles shorter than Earth's width at the equator) into the shape of an oblate spheroid.
		Atmospheric tides, however, probably form from daily heating and cooling of the Earth.
	www.summitschool.com /escience/l30.html (219 words)

	W. Kokott: Atmospheric tides and other relationships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Atmospheric tides and other relationships: »Interpreting the Phenomena« at the time of the Seeberg conference
		Moreover, the Earth's atmosphere was an object of fundamental interest to astronomers not only because of its influence on observational results, but also because it was the only accessible planetary atmosphere.
		As early as 1780, J. Bode tried (following Euler) to explain the blue colour of the sky by means of blue (scattering?) particles in the upper atmosphere; consequently, he raised the question of whether the red colour of Mars was due to this planet's surface materials or rather to a different atmospheric composition.
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~pbrosche/aa/acta/vol03/acta03_087.html (523 words)

	[No title]
		(1966) On the theory of the diurnal tide.
		Effects of mean winds and horizonal temperature gradients on solar and lunar semidiurnal tides in the atmosphere.
		(1976) A modal decomposition of the semidiurnal tide in the lower atmosphere.
	www-eaps.mit.edu /faculty/lindzen/PublicationsRSL.html (2614 words)

	Auckland Astronomical Society
		The theory claims that these tides are as predictable as the ocean tides by reference to the position of the Moon in its orbit, and that this constitutes an accurate weather forecasting tool ignored by orthodox weather forecasters.
		A comparable variation in atmospheric tide would not be detectable and could not possibly contribute to the weather because it would be overwhelmed by the much more energetic thermodynamic processes.
		The orbital period tides, such as the lunar syzygy-quadrature spring-neap tides and perigee-apogee tides, are only a small component of the daily tides and their maxima are located at different latitudes on Earth.
	www.astronomy.org.nz /aas/Journal/Oct2004/PseudoWeather.asp (4282 words)

	atmos tides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Both the sun and the moon exert a gravitational pull on the atmosphere.
		The solar "tide" is really a combination of a small gravitational effect and a much larger heating effect.
		The effects of the solar tide upon winds and weather systems are very small amounting to small fractions of a knot in wind speed.
	www.franksingleton.clara.net /atmospheric_tides.html (225 words)

	Steve Woolnough's Home Page : Paper Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The diurnal cycle of tropical convection and its relationship to the atmospheric tides is investigated using an aquaplanet GCM.
		The semi-diurnal tide is found to be the dominant forcing for the semi-diurnal harmonic of precipitation.
		While the simulated atmospheric tides in the model agree well with both theory and observations in their magnitude and phase, sensitivity experiments suggest that the role of the stratospheric ozone in forcing the semi-diurnal tide is much reduced compared to theoretical predictions.
	www.met.rdg.ac.uk /~swrwoono/PUBLICATIONS/jas2004_abstract.html (295 words)

	Atmospheric Sciences Research Highlight #15 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		These tides are produced by absorption of the solar beam by ozone in the earth's stratosphere, and this mechanism for their fomation produces a wind system that should be present over the entire globe.
		Such tides have been previously observed in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere and thermosphere) by geophysicists, but they have been poorly documented in the earth's lower atmosphere (troposphere) where they are much weaker, and where observational tools (e.g., twice-daily rawinsondes) are inadequate to properly resolve them in time and space.
		The tides are strong enough to affect some important aspects of the earthþs climate, and may well have an effect on the timing and location of cloudiness and precipitation events.
	www.pnl.gov /atmos_sciences/res_hi15.html (499 words)

	Atmospheric Tides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		I assume that the moon also creates an atmospheric tide.
		------------------------------------------------ Leigh, The atmosphere is affected to a very slight degree by the Moon.
		Ground water does not form one elastic liquid medium, being part of the soil, so I suspect that it does not rise and fall in a well in response to the movements of the Moon, but I will defer to a hydrologist for a definitive answer.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/wea00/wea00104.htm (191 words)

	Water Level and Tidal Current Predictions
		Tidal predictions for the subordinate stations can be obtained by applying specific differences to the times and heights of tides at the specified reference stations.
		Tidal current predictions for subordinate stations can be obtained by applying specific time and speed differences to the times and speeds of tidal currents at the specified reference station.
		Tide stations are normally located along the shoreline; at a pier, jetty, breakwater or other physical structure.
	co-ops.nos.noaa.gov /tp4days.html (321 words)

	A Mystery and Amateur Science Project
		There is a semi-diurnal tide (twice per day) which results from a combination of lunar and solar gravity, and the curved path in space the Earth follows as a result.
		These tides amount to only 1mb (1 millibar) of pressure variation in the tropics, where they are largest, and only a hundredth of that or so in mid latitudes.
		These people are not describing a tide in the atmosphere, which is what I am interested in here, but rather one in the ocean.
	www.kilty.com /pressure.htm (4797 words)

	NOAA, Our Restless Tides, Explanation of Astronomical Factors, Tides and Tidal Currents
		The word "tides" is a generic term used to define the alternating rise and fall in sea level with respect to the land, produced by the gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun.
		To a much smaller extent, tides also occur in large lakes, the atmosphere, and within the solid crust of the earth, acted upon by these same gravitational forces of the moon and sun.
		The most familiar evidence of the tides along our seashores is the observed recurrence of high and low water - usually, but not always, twice daily.
	co-ops.nos.noaa.gov /restles1.html (190 words)

	Ray & Ponte (2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		At some quiet weather stations in the tropics, the atmospheric tide is sometimes the dominant signal in the barometric records.
		Ray and Ponte studied in particular the S2 tide as it appears in the meteorological analyses of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF).
		One reason the Space Geodesy Laboratory is interested in air tides owes to their effects on gravity.
	bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov /926/highlight/s2airtide.html (173 words)

	GGFC Special Bureau for Tides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The IERS Special Bureau for Tides is located in the Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
		The special bureau devotes primary emphasis to the effects of oceanic tides, with additional information as necessary to the effects of Earth tides and atmospheric tides.
		For an introductory discussion of the effect of ocean tides on the Earth's rotation, see this brief synopsis.
	bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov /ggfc/tides (381 words)

	forbes vitae
		Forbes, J.M. and M.E. Hagan, Tides in the Joint Presence of Friction and Rotation: An f-plane Approximation, J. Geophys.
		Fraser, G.J., Portnyagin, Yu.I., Forbes, J.M., Vincent, R.A., Lysenko, I.A., and N.A. Makarov, Diurnal tide in the Antarctic and Arctic mesosphere/lower thermosphere regions, J. Atmos.
		Hagan, M.E., and J.M. Forbes, Migrating and nonmigrating diurnal tides in the middle and upper atmosphereexcited by tropospheric latent heat releas, J. Geophys.
	spot.colorado.edu /~forbes/vitae.html (7443 words)

	GFDL Bibliography
		Hamilton, K., 1981: Effects of atmospheric tides on the general circulation of the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
		Holopainen, E. O., and A. Oort, 1981: Mean surface stress curl over the oceans as determined from the vorticity budget of the atmosphere.
		Holopainen, E. O., and A. Oort, 1981: On the role of large-scale transient eddies in the maintenance of the vorticity and enstrophy of the time-mean atmospheric flow.
	www.gfdl.noaa.gov /~gth/netscape/1981/1981.html (736 words)

	Atmospheric Tides
		Khattatov, D. Ortland, C. McLandress, and G. Sheperd, TMTM simulations of tides: Comparisons with the UARS observations of wind, temperature and airglow, Geophys.
		Yudin, V. Khattatov, M. Geller, D. Ortland, C. McLandress, and G. Sheperd, Thermal tides and studies to tune the mechanistic tidal model using UARS observations, Ann.
		Khattatov, and M. Hagan, SMLTM simulations of the diurnal tide: Modeling the diurnal tide with dissipation derived from UARS/HRDI measurements, Ann.
	acd.ucar.edu /~boris/Content/tides.htm (274 words)

	References
		Fomichev, V.I. and G.M. Shved (1994) On the closeness of the middle atmosphere to the state of radiative equilibrium: an estimation of the net dynamical heating rate, J.
		Gavrilov, N.M. (1994) The effect of gravity waves on the global mean temperature and composition structure of the upper atmosphere, J.
		Zhou, Q.H., M.P. Sulzer and C.A. Tepley (1997) An analysis of tidal and planetary waves in the neutral winds and temperature observed at the E-region, J.
	www.colorado-research.com /~meyer/THESIS/Bibliography.html (2573 words)

	Australian Weather Mailing List Archives: 30th October 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		I don't know if there is any way that the tides can directly effect the weather, however there is a similar tidal phenomena in the atmosphere itself.
		The Atmospheric tides are synchonised with the sun, rather than the moon as the atmospheric tides are caused by solar heating of the atmospheric column rather than differential gravitational attraction as in the traditional tides.
		If the tide is rising the southeasterly (on the average) tends to be stronger than if the tide is falling.
	www.australiasevereweather.com /storm_news/aussiewx/1998/981030.htm (2003 words)

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