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	php-deluxe.net - description ACID
		*Atomicity refers to the ability of the DBMS to guarantee that either all of the tasks of a transaction are performed or none of them are.
		In both cases, Lock (computer science)s must be acquired on all information that is read and updated.
		In write ahead logging, atomicity is guaranteed by ensuring that all REDO and UNDO information is written to a log before it is written to the database.
	www.php-deluxe.net /encyclopedia,index.page,ACID.htm (716 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Atomicity
		In computer science, atomicity implies indivisibility and irreducibility, so an atomic operation must appear to be performed entirely or not at all.
		In the context of component-based paradigms, "atomicity" is an element of orthogonality.
		Programming constructs In computer science, the compare-and-swap CPU instruction is a special instruction that atomically compares the contents of a memory location to a given value and, if they are the same, modifies the contents of that memory location to a given new value.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Atomicity (1341 words)

	Atomicity - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Atomicity is relied on to preserve the invariants in a system even if a group of operations fails mid-way.
		Atomicity allows a transaction that successfully increases the fixed assets but fails before reducing the amount of cash to be rolled back, restoring the number of fixed assets.
		For example, isolation relies on atomicity to roll back changes in the event of isolation failures such as deadlock; consistency also relies on rollback in the event of a consistency violation by an illegal transaction.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Atomicity (617 words)

	Computer science - Information from Reference.com
		Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
		Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1960s, with the creation of the first computer science departments and degree programs.
		Early computer science was strongly influenced by the work of mathematicians such as Kurt Gödel and Alan Turing, and there continues to be a useful interchange of ideas between the two fields in areas such as mathematical logic, category theory, domain theory, and algebra.
	www.reference.com /search?q=Computer+science (1827 words)

	atomicity - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "atomicity" is defined.
		atomicity : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		) Degree of atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the number of atoms in an elementary molecule.
	www.onelook.com /?w=atomicity (172 words)

	Bambooweb: ACID
		Atomicity refers to the ability of the DBMS to guarantee that either all of the tasks of a transaction are performed or none of them are.
		The transfer of funds can be completed or it can fail for a multitude of reasons, but atomicity guarantees that one account won't be debited if the other is not credited as well.
		In write ahead logging, atomicity is guaranteed by ensuring that all REDO and UNDO information is written to a log before it is written to the database.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/a/c/Acid.html (589 words)

	Graduate Courses in Computer Science
		Computer Science I. An introduction to a high level programming language and basic data structures with a structured approach to problem solving, algorithmic analysis, and program development.
		Introduction of computational biology and microarray informatics, gene expression analysis using microarray for transcriptional profiling, use of multivariate statistics and computer algorithms for different clustering techniques, important role of statistical packages, algorithms for calculating statistical quantities and statistical research in this area.
		Topics will include the structure, mechanism, and detection of computer viruses and worms; the use of firewalls and packet filters; common security lapses in operating systems and their prevention; checksums and basic cryptography; and related ideas such as buffer overflow attacks and indirect assembly programming.
	www.cs.gsu.edu /courses/glistings.html (1731 words)

	Re: [wsbpel] Issue - 166 - Let's try it again
		The term atomic simply means that changes to the shared variables are made at once, indivisibly, or not at all.
		Cheers, -Ron andrew.francis@mail.mcgill.ca wrote: Hello Ron: Agreed, the meaning of the phrase "atomic assignment" is unclear in the context of the assign activity.
		The assign activity is atomic; that is, the assign activity MUST be executed as if, for the duration of its execution, it was the only activity in the process allowed the following: None of what you said guarantees atomicity.
	www.oasis-open.org /archives/wsbpel/200410/msg00042.html (496 words)

	Paper: A 3-level Atomicity Model for Decentralized Process-centered :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Atomicity is a standard correctness model for guaranteeing that a set of activities occurs as an atomic unit, or none of them occur at all.
		This paper describes a exible atomicity model that enables process administrators to reconcile the con ict between local autonomy and global atomicity and cooperatively specify the scope of multi-site atomicity based upon the desired semantics of multi-site tasks in the decentralized PSEE.
		Atomicity is a grouping of activities such that the outcome of their execution has all-or-nothing semantics; a failure in any of these activities (e.g., system- or user-abort) requires to rollback any of the eects or invoke compensating actions for unrollable eects.
	computing.breinestorm.net /atomicity+psees+engineering+environments+decentralized (626 words)

	Papers - 2nd USENIX Windows NT Symposium
		Often this atomicity guarantee is not sufficient for a system, as it does not only need be assured that all nodes will receive the update, but that all nodes will see the updates in the same order.
		Atomicity (if one surviving node applies the update, all other surviving nodes will) is achieved through the implementation of a number of fault-handling scenarios.
		The reliable cluster computing research of the Reliable Distributed Computing Group at the department of Computer Science at Cornell University is supported by DARPA/ONR under contract N0014-96-1-10014 and by Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation.
	www.usenix.org /publications/library/proceedings/usenix-nt98/full_papers/vogels/vogels_html/vogels.html (5903 words)

	PLDI 2005 Tutorial: Atomicity
		In particular, atomic methods can be understood according to their sequential semantics, which significantly simplifies formal and informal correctness arguments and subsequent validation activities such as code inspection and testing.
		Atomicity violations often indicate subtle defects in a program's synchronization structure, including some defects that would be missed by traditional approaches focused on race detection.
		Cormac Flanagan is a faculty member in the Computer Science Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and previously was a research scientist for Digital, Compaq, and HP.
	www.cs.purdue.edu /homes/jv/plditut/atom (354 words)

	Atomicity (computer science) - CompWisdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Atomicity is a ubiquitous concept in computer science and has been studied from many different angles.
		If science is the search for the fundamental principles that govern the world around us and explain the phenomena we see, then a case can be made that Theoretical Computer Science (TCS) is the ``science'' underlying the field of computing.
		However, even as computer memories become cheaper and multiprocessor machines become larger and faster, our desire for larger and more sophisticated astronomical simulations outstrips them and new algorithms and data structures appear to be required, ones that can be tuned to exploit the computer architecture that is to be used for the simulation.
	www.compwisdom.com /topics/Atomic-(computer-science) (2198 words)

	UCSD Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Abstract - Lynch
		To ensure atomicity, reads and writes are performed using "quorum configurations", each of which consists of a set of members plus sets of read-quorums and write-quorums.
		The algorithm is reconfigurable: the configuration is allowed to change during computation, and such changes do not cause violations of atomicity.
		Nancy Lynch is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer science at MIT and heads the Theory of Distributed Systems research group in the MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science.
	www-cse.ucsd.edu /home/csecal/abstracts/Lynch-200301.html (324 words)

	Atomic operation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An atomic operation in computer science refers to a set of operations that can be combined so that they appear to the rest of the system to be a single operation.
		As long as there is the possibility of a change in the flow of control, without atomicity there is the possibility that the system can enter an invalid state (invalid as defined by the program, a so-called invariant).
		Most modern processors have some facility which can be used to implement locking, such as an atomic test-and-set or compare-and-swap operation, or the ability to temporarily turn off interrupts ensuring that the currently running process cannot be suspended.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atomic_(computer_science) (568 words)

	rentzsch.com: Atomicity: Concurrent Data Access Without Blowing Up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The idea is to populate an atomic stack, atomically steal it and non-atomically reverse it into a queue.
		Atomic locks are very useful for synchronization, and are found on most operating systems.
		Atomicity is important for maintaining correctness in the face of concurrency.
	www.rentzsch.com /papers/atomicity (4817 words)

	:: Computer Science and Engineering :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Since it is difficult to enforce traditional ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) properties for the execution of such processes, ensuring the semantic correctness of concurrent process execution and recovery techniques is a challenge for service-oriented computing.
		Computer games have grown considerably in scale and complexity since their humble beginnings in the 1960s.
		A computing model like this should not only be fault-tolerant in the present of failure events, but also evolve itself to the changing environment at runtime in real-time to survive.
	www.eas.asu.edu /~csedept/news/defenses/2004.php (6224 words)

	COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
		The course investigates ideas common to computer science and biology and, while it encompasses many features of the current revolution in biotechnology, it also reconsiders many early papers in computer science and biology that have had an impact on the development of both fields.
		He was invited to address the graders of the Advanced Placement Computer Science exam on issues in teaching Java in introductory computer science courses, but was unable to accept because the timing conflicted with the ECOOP 2004 meeting.
		Much like flight simulations, computational surgical simulations will eventually be used to train medical students and practitioners, allowing the trainee to touch, feel, and manipulate virtual tissues and organs through the same surgical instrument handles used in actual surgery, while seeing high-quality images of their deformations as in a real surgery.
	www.williams.edu /resources/sciencecenter/center/RS04html/RepSci2004-COMPUTER.html (4175 words)

	Challengelist
		Biomolecular computing is a field that seeks to harness and expand the powerful toolbox of chemical and enzymatic processes for manipulating biomolecules, with the goal of exploiting these processes as a means performing computational tasks.
		It is fair to say, however, that the recent results from theoretical computer science that attempt to exploit quantum mechanical principles for both computation and cryptography have been a great stimulus to our understanding the implications and meaning of several fundamental quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition of states, decoherence, and EPR pairs.
		However, even as computer memories become cheaper and multiprocessor machines become larger and faster, our desire for larger and more sophisticated astronomical simulations outstrips them and new algorithms and data structures appear to be required, ones that can be tuned to exploit the computer architecture that is to be used for the simulation.
	www.research.att.com /~dsj/nsflist.html (19014 words)

	CIS: Activities: Colloquium Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A crucial concept for controlling this interference is the notion of atomicity: a function is considered atomic if its behavior is not influenced by the actions of concurrent threads.
		Atomicity is often achieved using mutual-exclusion locks, and atomic functions are much easier to reason about, since the effect of nondeterministically interleaved actions of other threads can be safely ignored.
		In practice, many functions in multithreaded programs are designed to be atomic and their documentation claims that they are atomic.
	www.cs.uoregon.edu /activities/talks/20030213-Flanagan.php (253 words)

	Nitric acid . Hydrogen . Oxygen
		The symbol P is already in use for phosphorus and is not available for protium.
		;1H The most common isotope of hydrogen, this stable isotope has a atomic nucleus nucleus consisting of a single proton; hence the descriptive, although rarely used, name protium.
		Atomicity computer science atomicity Database consistency consistency Isolation computer science isolation relational database management system...
	www.uk.knowledge-info.org /Nitric_acid-UK-0848008-yg (312 words)

	Definition of Atomicity
		Thus in database systems, Atomicity is one of the ACID properties.
		In other areas of computer science such as operating systems, "atomic" also refers to the property that the changes made by an operation are only visible after it completes.
		In database concurrency control, atomicity implies that either all or no operations are completed.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Atomicity (383 words)

	SQLite
		SQL-92 standard, including database transaction transactions that are atomicity computer science atomic, database consistency consistent, isolation computer science isolated, and durability computer science durable ACID, database trigger triggers and most of complex queries.
		However, no type-checking is done you can insert a string computer science string into an integer column, for example, which some people see as a major drawback.
		Several computer process processes or thread computer science threads may access the same database without problems.
	www.uk.kunsimuna.net /SQLite_UK_195911_lt (588 words)

	Past Masters' Theses - MS Computer Science - Program and Course Information - Computer Science Department - Cal Poly
		Memory management (Computer science) Ogilvie, Peter D. Simulation analysis for the AIX subnet / by Peter Niemann.
		Computer science operating systems laboratory / by Charlotte Operating systems (Computers) -- Study and teaching (Higher) -- Davis, Charlotte Elizabeth.
		Computer and statistical analysis of landslide impact on granitic Landslides -- Data processing.
	www.csc.calpoly.edu /programs/ms_csc/theses.html (3382 words)

	[Abstract] Execution Atomicity for Non-blocking Transactional Mobile Agents
		In the context of e-commerce, execution atomicity is an important property for mobile agents.
		However, it is important that failures (e.g., of machines or agents) do not lead to blocking of transactional mobile agents, i.e., agents that execute as a transaction.
		In this paper, we give a novel specification of non-blocking atomic commitment in the context of mobile agent execution.
	www.actapress.com /Abstract.aspx?paperId=13853 (160 words)

	ACM Queue - Unlocking Concurrency: Multicore programming with transactional memory
		To prevent other code from observing the uncommitted new versions (loss of atomicity), eager versioning requires the use of locks or an equivalent hardware mechanism throughout the transaction duration.
		In contrast to eager versioning, the lazy approach is subject to loss of atomicity only during the commit process.
		The alternative is to support partial rollback to the beginning of the nested transaction when a conflict or an abort occurs during its execution.
	www.acmqueue.org /modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=444&page=3 (1195 words)

	MySQL AB :: MySQL Tutorial: Chapter 10, Using Transactions with InnoDB Tables
		Laura Thomson is a lecturer in the School of Computer Science and Information Technology at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia.
		She holds a first-class honors degree in Computer Systems Engineering and a degree (with distinction) in Computer Science.
		They should be treated as an atomic unit and either all succeed or all have no effect.
	dev.mysql.com /books/mysqlpress/mysql-tutorial/ch10.html (3796 words)

	Computer Science Colloquium - November 4
		This talk describes some of our recent work on distributed algorithms for emulating atomic read/write memory in dynamic network settings, for example, in mobile ad hoc networks or peer-to-peer networks.
		Reconfiguration is performed using a combination of a consensus protocol and a background ``garbage-collection'' protocol.
		Then atomic memory is implemented over the network abstraction layer using a simple static replication strategy.
	web.gc.cuny.edu /Computerscience/cs_cllqm/talks/2004_11_04.html (288 words)

	Citations: Abstractions for constructing dependable distributed systems - Mishra, Schlichting (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Technical Report 92-19, Department of Computer Science, The University of Arizona, August 1992.
		92-19, Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 1992.
		92-19, Dept of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 1992.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/327023/97395 (1770 words)

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