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	Nagasaki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nagasaki became a free port in 1859 and modernization began in earnest in 1868.
		On 9 August 1945, Nagasaki was the target of the world's second atomic bomb attack at 11:02 a.m., when the north of the city was destroyed and an estimated 39,000 people were killed outright with another 75,000 believed to have died of bomb-related causes in the decades that followed.
		Nagasaki is the title and subject of a 1928 song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Mort Dixon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nagasaki (1365 words)

	Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nagasaki during World War II Urakami Tenshudo (Catholic Church in Nagasaki) destroyed by the atomic bomb, the dome of the church having toppled off.
		Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley.
		In the opinion of the court, the act of dropping an atomic bomb on cities was at the time governed by international law found in the Hague Regulations on Land Warfare of 1907 and the Hague Draft Rules of Air Warfare of 1922–1923.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki (7969 words)

	The Atomic Bombing of Nagasaki, August 9, 1945
		Nagasaki was an industrial center and major port on the western coast of Kyushu.
		Although the destruction at Nagasaki has generally received less worldwide attention than that at Hiroshima, it was extensive nonetheless.
		For those areas of Nagasaki affected by the explosion, the death rate was comparable to that at Hiroshima.
	www.cfo.doe.gov /me70/manhattan/nagasaki.htm (1049 words)

	Nuclear weapon - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		By modern standards, the bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 may perhaps be considered tactical weapons (with yields between 13 and 22 kilotons (54 to 92 TJ)), though they were not used in a tactical manner.
		Gravity bombs are designed to be dropped from planes, which requires that the weapon can withstand vibrations and changes in air temperature and pressure during the course of a flight.
		The next generation of weapons were still so big and heavy that they could only be carried by bombers such as the B-52 Stratofortress and V bombers, but by the mid-1950s smaller weapons had been developed that could be carried and deployed by simple fighter-bombers.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/n/u/c/Nuclear_weapon.html (2637 words)

	Pilot Guides.com: War and Peace: The bombing of Nagasaki
		Nagasaki was the first city in Japan to establish links with the west, as early as the 16th century when Portuguese traders and Christian missionaries were visiting Nagasaki and influencing its culture.
		On 9 August 1945, an American air force bomber unloaded a four and a half ton atomic bomb on Northern Nagasaki, killing a third of the civilian population immediately and another third were injured and later died from painful and crippling diseases caused by radioactive poisoning.
		Nagasaki was not the target of the B-29 carried bomb, the city of Kokura was the main target, but its course was abandoned due to smoke cover and so the fate of Nagasaki was sealed.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/asia/japan/nagasaki.php (478 words)

	THE ATOMIC BOMBING OF NAGASAKI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The city of Nagasaki was the target of the world's second atomic bomb attack at 11:02 a.
		The Nagasaki bomb was larger than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima three days earlier and was a plutonium bomb, whereas the Hiroshima bomb was a uranium bomb.
		Nagasaki was not the intended target of the bomb dropped on 9th August - this was Kokura, near Fukuoka.
	www.nagasaki-gaigo.ac.jp /nagasaki/10.html (257 words)

	NUCLEAR WEAPONS: NAGASAKI
		Nagasaki was 40 percent destroyed, and approximately 40,000 of its citizens were killed immediately plus another 30,000 died within a year from delayed effects.
		The plutonium bomb used at Nagasaki was higher yield that the uranium Hiroshima bomb (22 kilotons of TNT equivalent, vs. 15 kt.
		The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by The Manhattan Engineer District, June 29, 1946.
	www.olive-drab.com /od_nuclear_nagasaki.php (663 words)

	60th Anniversary of Nagasaki bombing
		Nagasaki was bombed three days after Hiroshima at the end of World War II, and it was a Portuguese and Dutch influenced port.
		According to the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, the 20 neighborhoods that lay within one kilometer from the bombing were completely ruined and reduced to ashes.
		People who were alive during the atomic bombings in Nagasaki will never forget all the pain and horror thatthey witnessed, and many suffered physical effects from the radiation forthe rest of their lives.
	home.netcom.com /~rlg3526/2005/protest_050809_1.html (697 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Nagasaki remembers atomic attack
		Nagasaki's citizens still question whether the Americans were justified in targeting their city, an important port and industrial centre, for the second atomic attack.
		Nagasaki's mayor says he believes they were the victims of what in effect was a deadly nuclear test.
		However, correspondents say that Nagasaki's plight has long been overshadowed by that of Hiroshima, where about 140,000 people were killed in the immediate aftermath, and 240,000 are now considered to have died because of the bombing.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/4133572.stm (540 words)

	Government must pay Korean hibakusha
		NAGASAKI (Kyodo) The government was ordered Wednesday to pay a South Korean survivor of the 1945 atomic bombing of Nagasaki a total of 1.03 million yen in health care allowances.
		Presiding Judge Masanori Kawakubo at the Nagasaki District Court said the state is required under the Atomic Bomb Victims Relief Law to compensate the victims of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, adding the fact Lee left the country had no bearing on this responsibility.
		In the latest case, an attorney for Lee said atomic bomb survivors should not be discriminated against on the basis of their race, nationality or place of residence.
	pw1.netcom.com /~guywong/html/hibakusha.htm (478 words)

	Robert Miller, 30,000 Mark Bombing Of Nagasaki Rallies Conclude World Conference Against Atomic And Hydrogen Bombs
		This year, for the first time ever, 10 Korean atomic bomb survivors—known as hibakusha—resident in South Korea were formally invited to attend the ceremonies sponsored by the city government in the Peace Park.
		The Association of Korean Bomb Survivors estimated that 20,000 Koreans were exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bombing and half died as a result.
		On Sept. 5, 1945, the British newspaper Daily Express carried a report about the atomic bomb damage in Hiroshima, informing the world for the first time not only that the city had been destroyed but the horrific fact that survivors of the blast were still dying of the aftereffects.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/27d/052.html (980 words)

	The Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum
		An atomic bomb exploded over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, three days after the explosion of the first atomic bomb over Hiroshima.
		The bomb was assembled at Tinian Island on August 6.
		The Nagasaki atomic bomb was nicknamed "Fatman" because of its shape.
	www1.city.nagasaki.nagasaki.jp /na-bomb/museum/m1-1e.html (218 words)

	Implicating Colonial Memory and the Atomic Bombing: Hayashi Kyōko’s Writing on Shanghai and Nagasaki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The aftermath of the atomic bombing in Nagasaki seen through the narrator’s eyes and her reminiscences of her Shanghai experience are therefore two intertwining narrative lines in the story.
		As the symbol of the official commemoration of the atomic bombings, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, constructed in 1955, originally excluded the four thousand Korean victims in Hiroshima bombing from being officially memorialized and later only allowed the Korean Monument to be raised in the outskirts of the park.
		Born in Nagasaki in 1930, Hayashi (her real name Miyazaki Kyōko) went to Shanghai with her family at the age of one and went back to Nagasaki in March 1945, where she experienced the atomic bombing.
	www.uky.edu /Centers/Asia/SECAAS/Seras/2005/Shan.htm (8134 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		At the center of the maelstrom was the atomic bomb exhibition planned, and later abandoned, by the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. In late 1993, the Nagasaki and Hiroshima atomic bomb museums consented to a request from the Smithsonian Institution for the loan of atomic bomb-related exhibits.
		The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not meant to eradicate the Japanese culture and people from the face of the earth.
		The atomic bombs were dropped after Japan's repeated refusals to sue for peace, Japan's continued atrocities perpetrated against prisoners-of-war and its intent to fight to the death to defend the home islands.
	www.uwosh.edu /home_pages/faculty_staff/earns/intro3.html (2020 words)

	Debating the American Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb
		After the atomic bombing of Nagasaki and the Russian entry into the war on August 9th, the Japanese surrendered on August 10th and the U.S. accepted their surrender on August 15th--the day the Russians were scheduled to enter the war against Japan.
		He concludes that the bomb was dropped in 1945 to "shorten the war, and in that they succeeded." For McGeorge Bundy, as for many Americans since, there is little reason to question why the United States dropped the atomic bomb on Japan.
		We now know that Hiroshima and Nagasaki were two of a small number of Japanese cities sparred from this saturation bombing in order to determine the effects of an atomic bomb on a city.
	www.colorado.edu /AmStudies/lewis/2010/atomic.htm (3091 words)

	Nuclear weapon - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In such a weapon, the X-ray thermal radiation from a nuclear fission explosion is used to heat and compress a capsule of tritium, deuterium, or lithium, in which fusion occurs.
		Small, two-man portable tactical weapons (erroneously referred to as suitcase bombs), such as the Special Atomic Demolition Munition, have been developed, although the difficulty to combine sufficient yield with portability limits their military utility.
		With the invention of reliable rocketry during the 1960s, it became possible for nuclear weapons to be delivered anywhere in the world on a very short notice, and the two Cold War superpowers adopted a strategy of deterrence to maintain a shaky peace.
	www.voyager.in /Nuclear_weapon (2683 words)

	Nagasaki atomic bombing, 1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The bomb was dropped through a gap in the cloud cover over a point somewhat displaced from the city center.
		On the day of the bombing, an estimated 263,000 were in Nagasaki, including 240,000 Japanese residents, 10,000 Korean residents, 2,500 conscripted Korean workers, 9,000 Japanese soldiers, 600 conscripted Chinese workers, and 400 prisoners of war.
		Nagasaki reattained its pre-attack population by 1954 and had a population of 441,000 in 1992.
	pages.prodigy.net /wrjohnston/nuclear/radevents/1945JAP2.html (524 words)

	CTV.ca \| Nagasaki marks anniversary of atomic bombing
		Nagasaki Mayor Iccho Itoh then had some angry words for the leaders of the nuclear powers, and especially the United States.
		I swear in the presence of the souls of the victims of the atomic bombing to continue to tirelessly demand that Nagasaki be the last A-bomb site," said Fumie Sakamoto, who represented survivors at Tuesday's memorial.
		Nagasaki has a long history of trade with the Dutch, and for about 200 years, until Japan opened its doors to the outside world in 1859, it was the only Japanese city open to foreign trade.
	www.ctv.ca /servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1123579144979_5/?hub=World (650 words)

	Index
		Nagasaki at 60: The Bombers and the Bombed
		Nagasaki Mayor Iccho Itoh said at the ceremony, "The United States has 10,000 nuclear weapons, has conducted sub-critical nuclear tests and on top of that is pursuing the development of miniature nuclear weapons.
		Sakue Shimohira, a survivor of the U.S. atomic bombing of Nagasaki
	www.democracynow.org /print.pl?sid=05/08/09/143207 (1775 words)

	Hiroshima and Nagasaki Remembered: Nagasaki Movie
		The bomb fell on the narrow Urakami Valley northwest of downtown Nagasaki.
		Of the 286,000 people living in Nagasaki at the time of the blast, 74,000 people were killed and another 75,000 sustained severe injuries.
		Many of the survivors of the bombings were also left scarred, marked by keloids and invisible damage from exposure to the bomb’s radiation.
	www.hiroshima-remembered.com /movies/nagasaki.html (357 words)

	Nagasaki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Documents on the decision to use the atomic bomb.
		Nagasaki is the second (and, so far, last) site of the use of a nuclear weapon against a live target.
		The original text document "The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by The Manhattan Engineer District, June 29, 1946" describing in great detail the findings of the official group sent by...
	sadakoandthethousandpapercrane.fluecrane.com /nagasaki (663 words)

	Democracy Now! - August 9, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Thousands of Nagasaki residents gathered in Peace Park today to commemorate the anniversary of the second atomic bombing.
		Standing near where the bomb exploded, participants bowed their heads, many clasping their hands in prayer as a bell rang out and an air-raid siren filled the skies.
		Nagasaki Mayor Itcho Ito said: "The citizens of Nagasaki have continuously struggled to realize a 21st century free from nuclear weapons.
	www.pacifica.org /programs/democracy_now/archives/d20010809.html (741 words)

	Nagasaki Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Nagasaki Peace Declaration and Atomic Bomb Museum - Maintained by the Nagasaki Peace Promotion Office of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, for the city of Nagasaki.
		From the website of NBC Nagasaki Broadcasting, which in past years has broadcast the ceremony live on the Internet on August 9 at 10:45 AM Japanese time (evening of August 8, in USA time zones).
		Scientific Data of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Disaster - Physical, medical, and epidemiological information on the atomic bombing from the Scientific Data Center for the Atomic Bomb Disaster, School of Medicine, Nagasaki University.
	www.dannen.com /nagasaki_links.html (240 words)

	Nagasaki Remembers Atomic Bombing - CBS News
		Standing near where the bomb exploded, participants at Nagasaki's Peace Park bowed their heads Thursday, many clasping their hands in prayer as a bell rang out and an air-raid siren filled the skies with its plaintive cry.
		Nagasaki is about 614 miles southwest of Tokyo on the main southern island of Kyushu.
		The Nagasaki and Hiroshima ceremonies are among a series of poignant services held every summer to recall the final days of World War II.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2001/08/09/world/main305657.shtml (685 words)

	The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima, August 6, 1945
		The bomber, piloted by the commander of the 509th Composite Group, Colonel Paul Tibbets, flew at low altitude on automatic pilot before climbing to 31,000 feet as it neared the target area.
		Eventually a Japanese staff officer was dispatched by plane to survey the city from overhead, and while he was still nearly 100 miles away from the city he began to report on a huge cloud of smoke that hung over it.
		American public that the United States had dropped an entirely new type of bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima -- an "atomic bomb." Truman warned that if Japan still refused to surrender unconditionally, as demanded by the Potsdam Declaration of July 26, the United States would attack additional targets with equally devastating results.
	www.cfo.doe.gov /me70/manhattan/hiroshima.htm (1266 words)

	Catholic World News : Japanese Catholics mark Nagasaki bomb anniversary
		Nagasaki, Aug. 09, 2005 (AsiaNews) - Japanese Catholics marked the 60th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9 with a Mass in the city's cathedral, the AsiaNews service reports.
		Three days after the bombing of Hiroshima, on August 9, 1945 at 11.02, there were 30 people present in Urakami cathedral, with two priests hearing confessions.
		The sculpture bears the head of a wooden statue which survived the atomic attack and which still bears the scars of its radiation.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=38913 (279 words)

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