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Topic: Atomic Radiation

In the News (Thu 31 Dec 09)

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	CDC Radiation Emergencies \| Glossary of Radiological Terms
		Atomic mass unit (amu): 1 amu is equal to one twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
		Decay, radioactive: disintegration of the nucleus of an unstable atom by the release of radiation.
		When ionizing radiation passes through the tube, a short, intense pulse of current passes from the negative electrode to the positive electrode and is measured or counted.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /radiation/glossary.asp (6816 words)

	Fourth Committee Begins Review of Effects of Atomic Radiation; Kazakhstan Delegate Warns of Negative Impact of Testing, ...
		NEW YORK, 13 October (UN Headquarters) -- The problems triggered by the negative effects of atomic radiation were a matter of life and death, the representative of Kazakhstan told the Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization) this morning, as it began its consideration of the effects of atomic radiation.
		She highlighted the relevance of the tasks of the United Nations Scientific Committee for the study of the effect of atomic radiation in the evaluation of the levels and associated risks of the exposure to natural sources of radiation and noted that some of MERCOSUR’s countries were collaborating directly with that Committee.
		Atomic radiation caused by nuclear facilities could prove disastrous, as was the case with the 1986 Chernobyl accident.
	www.unis.unvienna.org /unis/pressrels/2003/gaspd263.html (1317 words)

	atomic bomb
		The “linear hypothesis” says that the “probability of developing a radiation-induced cancer is proportional to the radiation dose;” the chance that a given cancer death is associated with atomic bomb radiation exposure is linearly associated with concentration (“Cancer”).
		It goes without noting, however, that regardless of the radiation dose, or age of the victim when exposed, through 1978 the overall rate of death among survivors from leukemia was two times as high as it was for those not exposed (Marston 330).
		The absence of detecting a statistically significant effect of radiation on the frequency of genetically based birth defects should not be construed as evidence that mutations were not induced by parental exposure to atomic radiation.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~copeland/atomicbomb.html (3328 words)

	CDC Radiation Emergencies \| Prenatal Radiation Exposure: A Fact Sheet for Physicians
		Because the human embryo or fetus is protected in the uterus, a radiation dose to a fetus tends to be lower than the dose to its mother for most radiation exposure events.
		Atomic bomb survivor data suggest about a 3%–4% reduction of height at age 18 when the dose is greater than 1 Gy (100 rads).
		For studies of the atomic bomb victims, severe mental retardation was related not to IQ, but to clinical observation: "unable to perform simple calculations, to make simple conversation, to care for himself or herself, or if he or she was completely unmanageable or had been institutionalized" (Schull, 1995).
	www.bt.cdc.gov /radiation/prenatalphysician.asp (2466 words)

	Nuclear Radiation-Fallout UnitedStatesAction.com
		The threat of exposure to injurious levels of this initial radiation are confined typically to within a radius of about 1.50 miles from the nuclear detonation of anything less than a 1 MT bomb.
		Beta particle radiation is generally a slight external exposure hazard, although prolonged exposure to large amounts can cause skin burns and it is also a major hazard when interacting with the lens of the eye.
		The response to radiation varies widely amongst people and the longer the time frame over which a specific dose is accumulated the better your body can respond to, and recover from, the radiation damage.
	www.unitedstatesaction.com /nuclear_radiation_and_fallout.htm (2853 words)

	Radiation
		The ionising radiations including X-rays, gamma rays and particle radiation emitted by radioactive substances produce highly reactive ions in the exposed cells that may lead to mutations in the genes by rupturing the DNA strands.
		Solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet B and ultraviolet C, induce permanent mutation in the tumour suppressor gene known as p53 gene that leads to genesis of the skin cancer.
		The exposure to ultraviolet radiation is increasing day-by-day due to expanding ozone hole in the earth’s upper atmosphere.
	www.vediccancer.com /radiation.htm (891 words)

	Atomic Rocket: Radiation
		Calculate the surface area of a sphere centered on the radiation event, with a radius equal to the distance between ground zero and the unfortunate crewperson.
		HVT is the depth required to reduce the radiation by one-half, and 1/e is the depth required to reduce the radiation to approximately 37% (specifically to 1/e where e is approximately 2.718).
		So the theory is you calculate radiation flux from the atomic engine, multiply it by the appropriate attentuation factors of the shadow shield, and see of the resulting dose is within acceptable limts.
	www.projectrho.com /rocket/rocket3ah.html (7397 words)

	Atomic Radiation
		The second source of radiation is atomic radiation.
		When an electron moves from one orbit to a different orbit there is a change in the amount of energy associated with the electron.
		This is the radiation we see with atomic light.
	wind.cc.whecn.edu /~marquard/astronomy/atomic.htm (957 words)

	Hysterical Radiation and Bogus Science
		But by this time, the effects of atomic radiation were very well known; atmospheric nuclear testing had just been suspended, after it was discovered that more than 1,000 atmospheric tests by the USA and the USSR had increased worldwide background radiation levels significantly in only 10 years.
		In fact, atomic radiation is a mixture of radiated particles (such as alpha rays - charged nuclei - and beta rays - electrons) and electromagnetic radiation - gamma rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, microwave radiation and, of course, visible light.
		The duration of radiation emission is precisely the reverse of Hubbard's claim: it is quite safe to visit the site where the first atomic bomb was exploded in 1945, but you would not want to spend any time near a nuclear reactor's unprotected core even in 10,000 years' time.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~dst/Cowen/essays/radiation.html (9606 words)

	McClatchy Washington Bureau \| 08/25/2006 \| Veterans exposed to atomic radiation lose court ruling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Broudy, a resident of California's Orange County, has long been seeking full compensation for the death of her husband, a Marine major who was repeatedly exposed to radiation.
		If the Pentagon is "covering up records of medical tests that describe the amount of radiation to which these veterans were exposed, FOIA (the Freedom of Information Act) provides a potential remedy," Griffith wrote.
		Like the atomic veterans, they couldn't persuade the appellate court to order the release of all relevant documents.
	www.kansascity.com /mld/kansascity/news/nation/15363408.htm (660 words)

	Atomic Shorthand (Representing Atomic Properties) \| Radiation Protection Program \| US EPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As scientists identified the nuclear properties of elements and found different forms of elements, they needed an easy way to write and keep track of the basic nuclear properties.
		The number of neutrons in the nucleus is equal to A - Z. (A, the atomic mass, is sometimes placed on the left above the Z.)
		carbon, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, or an atomic mass of 12.
	www.epa.gov /radiation/understand/atomicshorthand.htm (191 words)

	Committees on Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation, 1954-1964
		The mission of the Committees on The Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (BEAR) was to provide a thorough review of all that was known at the time about the effects of atomic radiation on living organisms.
		These committees were: Pathologic Effects of Atomic Radiation (with various subcommittees); Meteorological Aspects of the Effects of Atomic Radiation; Effects of Atomic Radiation on Agriculture and Food Supplies; Disposal and Dispersal of Radioactive Wastes; and Oceanography and Fisheries.
		The Papers of the Committees on Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation contain correspondence, reports, and meeting minutes, and cover the years 1954-1964 for a span of 6 linear feet.
	www7.national-academies.org /archives/bear.html (493 words)

	A/RES/50/26. Effects of atomic radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Requests the Scientific Committee to continue its work, including its important activities to increase knowledge of the levels, effects and risks of ionizing radiation from all sources; 3.
		Also requests the Scientific Committee to continue at its next session the review of the important problems in the field of radiation and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its fifty-first session; 5.
		Requests the United Nations Environment Programme to continue providing support for the effective conduct of the work of the Scientific Committee and for the dissemination of its findings to the General Assembly, the scientific community and the public; 6.
	hei.unige.ch /humanrts/resolutions/50/26GA1995.html (210 words)

	Ionizing radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gamma quanta do not ionize all along their path like alpha or beta particles (see particle radiation.
		At the end of its path, the neutron is captured by some nucleus in an (n,γ)-reaction that leads to a neutron capture photon.
		The growth of a seedling may be enhanced by radiation, but excessive radiation will hinder growth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ionizing_radiation (4428 words)

	The somatic effects of exposure to atomic radiation: The Japanese experience, 1947-1997 -- Schull 95 (10): 5437 -- ...
		This paper was presented at the symposium "A Song Among the Ruins: 50 Years of the Japanese/Academy Cooperative Studies of Atomic Bomb Survivors," organized by John E. Dowling and Alvin G. Lazen and held at the 134th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences on April 30, 1997.
		exposed prenatally to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
		Schull, W. The Effects of Atomic Radiation: A Half Century of Studies from Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Wiley, New York).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/10/5437 (4743 words)

	General Assembly reports and resolutions relating to UNSCEAR
		Decides to increase the membership of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation to a maximum of twenty, while reaffirming the need for the members of the Committee to be represented by scientists;
		Invites the People's Republic of China to become a member of the Scientific Committee, requesting the Government of that country to designate one scientist, with alternates and consultants as appropriate, to be its representative on the Committee.
		As a result, the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation is composed as follows: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Federal Republic of Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Sudan, Sweden, USSR, United Kingdom and United States.
	www.unscear.org /unscear/es/general_assembly.html (3642 words)

	FOURTH COMMITTEE BEGINS REVIEW OF EFFECTS OF ATOMIC RADIATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The problems triggered by the negative effects of atomic radiation were a matter of life and death, the representative of Kazakhstan told the Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization) this morning, as it began its consideration of the effects of atomic radiation.
		YURIY VITRENKO (Ukraine), welcomed the report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and said his country hoped that a favourable outcome of the budgetary planning process for the biennium 2004-2005 would allow the continuation of the new programme of work of the Scientific Committee.
		Kazakhstan, he noted, had been consistently calling for a steady and phased nuclear disarmament process and universal adherence to international instruments in this area.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2003/gaspd263.doc.htm (617 words)

	Atomic Energy resources in the United Nations system
		Atomic Energy resources in the United Nations system
		The Secretariat of UNSCEAR - The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation is located, also, at Vienna
		The role of the International Atomic Energy Agency
	www.un.org /issues/m-atomic.html (172 words)

	Table of Contents, "KILLING OUR OWN, Chronicling the Disaster of America's Experience with Atomic Radiation, 1945-1982
		Reprinted by permission of the National Association of Atomic Veterans, 1109 Franklin Street, Burlington, Ia. 52601.
		This basic power of the universe cannot be fitted into the outmoded concept of narrow nationalisms.
		For there is no secret and there is no defense, there is no possibility of control except through the aroused understanding and insistence of the peoples of the world.
	www.ratical.org /radiation/KillingOurOwn (661 words)

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