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	Nuclear weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nuclear weapon is a weapon that derives its energy from the nuclear reactions of fission and/or fusion.
		The detonation of a nuclear weapon is accompanied by a blast of neutron radiation.
		Nuclear weapons have been at the heart of many national and international political disputes, and have played a major part in popular culture since their dramatic public debut in the 1940s, and have usually symbolized the ultimate ability of mankind to utilize the strength of nature for destruction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_weapon (2427 words)

	Nuclear weapon
		Weapons which have a fusion stage are also referred to as hydrogen bombs or H-bombs because of their primary fuel, or thermonuclear weapons because fusion reactions require extremely high temperatures for a chain reaction to occur.
		Nuclear weapons are often described as either fission or fusion devices based on the dominant source of the weapon's energy.
		The distinction between these two types of weapon is blurred by the fact that they are combined in nearly all complex modern weapons: a smaller fission bomb is first used to reach the necessary conditions of high temperature and pressure to allow fusion to occur.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/nuclear_weapon (3513 words)

	Atomic Weapons Establishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston (formerly the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston) is situated in the UK, just 7 miles north of Basingstoke and approximately 14 miles south-west of Reading, Berkshire, near a village called Aldermaston, bordering with Tadley.
		Other Atomic Weapons Establishment sites could be found at Burghfield and Cardiff, the former Royal Ordnance Factories, although Cardiff is now closed.
		The main output of this facility is that of plutonium fissile materials for the use in nuclear warheads.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atomic_Weapons_Research_Establishment (439 words)

	Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940 Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Atomic Audit is the first comprehensive effort to tally the total costs of the U.S. nuclear weapons program, from developing and deploying nuclear weapons to managing and ultimately disposing of the wastes created in the process.
		Given the significant sums expended on nuclear weapons and their central role in the cold war, it is striking that so few have expressed interest in either the cumulative or the annual costs.
		Proponents of the belief that nuclear weapons kept the cold war cold frequently ignore or discount the impact of much larger U.S. expenditures on conventional forces (see figure 2) and the fact that these forces, in contrast to nuclear weapons, were used in actual combat (for example, in Korea and Vietnam).
	www.brook.edu /fp/projects/nucwcost/introduction.htm (11221 words)

	Japan's Atomic Bomb Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Throughout the early 1940s, Imperial Japan was deeply involved in the research and development of an atomic weapon.
		An atomic bomb was not recognized as an imminent necessity in the early successful part of the war for Japan.
		Nishina was an internationally renowned physicist who took the lead of the Japanese army air force's atomic research, the NI project, from the beginning of the Second World War.
	www.trossman.blogspot.com (1290 words)

	NSC-68, Beginning Section VIII
		In the event the USSR develops by 1954 the atomic capability which we now anticipate, it is hardly conceivable that, if war comes, the Soviet leaders would refrain from the use of atomic weapons unless they felt fully confident of attaining their objectives by other means.
		For although the United States probably now possesses, principally in atomic weapons, a force adequate to deliver a powerful blow upon the Soviet Union and to open the road to victory in a long war, it is not sufficient by itself to advance the position of the United States in the cold war.
		The first is to eliminate the atomic capabilities of the United States; the second is to prevent the effective mobilization of the superior potential of the free world in human and material resources; and the third is to secure a withdrawal of United States forces from, and commitments to, Europe and Japan.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/nsc-68/nsc68-3.htm (8336 words)

	Nuclear Weapons Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		An isotope of hydrogen used in the fusion reaction of a nuclear weapon.
		A radioactive gas, an isotope of hydrogen, that serves as a booster for the fusion reaction in the secondary component of a nuclear weapon.
		A retired weapon or weapon system is no longer in an active status or deliverable, but may still be a fully functioning nuclear device.
	infomanage.com /nonproliferation/primer/nwg.html (1567 words)

	Atomic Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The energy released by the spark plug ignites the fusion reaction, leading to the main energy release in the weapon.
		In this levitated pit design, the thin outer shell of plutonium is driven inward by the explosive charge at velocities of several kilometers per second.
		Because of size considerations, yields would probably be limited to a kiloton or less and, in such things as artillery shells, the device would be a cylinder rather than a sphere.
	www.geocities.com /ResearchTriangle/Station/7743/atomic/atomic.html (1111 words)

	Doomsday Clock: Current Time \| thebulletin.org
		Meanwhile, the U.S. national weapons laboratories, with the support of some in Congress, are hard at work refining existing warheads and designing entirely new weapons, with a special emphasis on those able to attack and destroy hardened and deeply buried targets.
		Fortunately, of the hundreds of attempted smuggling transactions involving radioactive materials that have been thwarted since 1991, the vast majority involved materials that were not weapons usable or were of insufficient quantity to construct a nuclear weapon.
		The increase in the number of smuggling attempts in recent years serves as a clear warning that surplus nuclear weapons and weapons materials may not be entirely secure.
	www.thebulletin.org /doomsday_clock/current_time.htm (2047 words)

	The Traveler's Guide To Nuclear Weapons
		The unique manufacturing facilities that made these weapons after World War II have continued to operate under a cloak of secrecy until the present day.
		By means of their extensive travels and research into the backgrounds of these facilities, James Maroncelli and Timothy Karpin enable their readers to appreciate those sites where we really waged the Cold War, often located just down the street or across town.
		More than 50 informative text sidebars that explain details of the nuclear weapons complex including industrial processes, such as uranium and lithium enrichment, and the sources of uranium, plutonium, and other materials that went into the Bomb.
	www.atomictraveler.com (330 words)

	Trinity Atomic Web Site
		The Atomic Age dawned at 5:29:45am on July 16, 1945, at Trinity Site in New Mexico, U.S.A. The first atomic explosion came less than 50 years after the discovery of radioactivity in 1896 and brought many threads of physics, technology and politics to a dramatic culmination.
		It can be found at either of these two mirror locations: High Energy Weapons Archive Primary site or the High Energy Weapons Archive mirror at Envirolink.
		Carey and I are actively collaborating to provide the broadest variety of nuclear weapon information, in the most convenient form that we can.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /host/atomic (425 words)

	"Hydrogen Bomb" "Nuclear Armageddon" "Thermonuclear War" "Nuclear and Biological Weapons","Department of ...
		The basic principle of the fusion weapon (also called the thermonuclear or hydrogen bomb) is to produce ignition conditions in a thermonuclear fuel such as deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen with double the weight of normal hydrogen, or lithium deuteride.
		It may also be a missile weapon, operated by muscle power (as with the javelin, sling, and bow and arrow), mechanical power (as with the crossbow and catapult), or chemical power (as with the rocket and missile and such guns as the cannon, rifle, and pistol).
		Weapons may also be classified as conventional, destroying by kinetic energy (as with the bullet) or by chemical energy (as with the bomb and grenade).
	www.jaysnet.com /666nuke.html (16968 words)

	NAAV Atomic Veteran
		The National Association of Atomic Veterans recognizes that civilians as well as military personnel were exposed to harmful nuclear material radiation, and that many of these personnel have since expired as a result of radiation induced illnesses.
		The mission of the National Association of Atomic Veterans is to assist these veterans in obtaining government recognition and Department of Veteran Affairs health care and financial assistance.
		The National Association of Atomic Veterans (NAAV), a non-profit, tax exempt, veterans organization, was founded in August, 1979 by the late Orville E. Kelly, and his wife, Wanda, of Burlington, Iowa.
	www.naav.com (729 words)

	Atomic Weapons Establishment [AWE] - United Kingdom Nuclear Forces
		The Atomic Weapons Establishment began life in the early 1950s at Aldermaston as the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE) under the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
		The AWRE was transfered to the MoD in 1973, and merged with the Directorate of Atomic Weapons Factories (Royal Ordnance Factories, or ROF) at Burghfield and Cardiff to form the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) on 1 September 1987.
		The Atomic Weapons Establishment is implementing a comprehensive safety management system in order to comply with the Nuclear Installations Act.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/uk/awe.htm (541 words)

	Atomic Cannon - Scorched earth artillery combat for Pocket PC and Windows Free Demo
		Atomic Cannon is a fun arcade game that is easy to learn but difficult to master.
		Your arsenal is outfitted with numerous types of weapons including guns, bombs, missiles, rockets, and nukes.
		The music in Atomic Cannon was produced by subatomicglue and is featured on their CD aeonblue.
	www.isotope244.com /atomic_cannon_pocket.html (1146 words)

	U.S. Redesigning Atomic Weapons
		But critics say it could needlessly resuscitate the complex of factories and laboratories that make nuclear weapons and could possibly ignite a new arms race.
		The resulting warheads were lightweight, very powerful and in some cases so small that a dozen could fit atop a slender missile.
		Most other nuclear powers, years behind the atomic curve and often lacking top skills and materials, settled for less.
	www.thepowerhour.com /news/redesigning_weapons.htm (1575 words)

	A White Paper: Pursuing a New Nuclear Weapons Policy for the 21st Century
		Russia has already begun to emphasize the importance of its arsenal of nuclear weapons to compensate for its limited conventional capabilities to deal with hostilities that appear to be increasing along its borders.
		While the sudden appearance of a few tens of nuclear weapons causes only a small stir in a world where several thousands of such weapons already exist, their appearance in a world without nuclear weapons would produce huge effects.
		The most important role for our nuclear weapons is to serve as a “sobering force,” one that can cap the level of destruction of military conflicts and thus force all sides to come to their senses.
	www.sandia.gov /media/whitepaper/2001-04-Robinson.htm (4806 words)

	Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Nuclear Weapons - Links
		Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists - Founded in 1945 to educate the public about the nuclear age.
		Why the atomic bomb wasn't necessary to end the war - Essay by Janet Bloomfield, Chair of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (Britain).
		Nagasaki Nightmare - A collection of drawings by atomic bomb survivors and photographs of the bomb aftermath, to commemorate the 50th anniversary.
	www.dannen.com /moreinfo.html (1121 words)

	ATOMIC BOMB: DECISION (Hiroshima-Nagasaki)
		Bard Memorandum, June 27, 1945 - Undersecretary of the Navy Ralph A. Bard wrote that use of the bomb without warning was contrary to "the position of the United States as a great humanitarian nation," especially since Japan seemed close to surrender.
		Szilard Petition, first version, July 3, 1945 - The first version of Leo Szilard's petition called atomic bombs "a means for the ruthless annihilation of cities." It asked the President "to rule that the United States shall not, in the present phase of the war, resort to the use of atomic bombs."
		Trinity Test, July 16, 1945 - Radiation Monitoring - The test of the atomic bomb in the New Mexico desert on July 16 was a spectacular success.
	www.dannen.com /decision/index.html (946 words)

	Report: Kursk had atomic weapons aboard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		OSLO, Norway (AP) — The Russian nuclear submarine Kursk had atomic weapons on board when it sank last year, experts claimed Wednesday, despite Moscow's insistence it carried only conventional weapons.
		However, a member of the Russian government investigating commission, Grigory Tomchin, said in a television interview that the sub was carrying atomic weapons.
		Tomchin, who is also a Russian lawmaker, said he was tired of all the secrecy about the wreck and encouraged the military to be more open.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2001-04-04-kursk.htm (435 words)

	Editorial Outlook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The race to produce man's first atomic bomb shone no brighter light than that of utter annihilation for innocent thousands on August 6 and 9 in 1945.
		At Dawn in the Atomic Age, for example, was #1 looking forward, or was she looking back, when she crossed the nuclear fusion finish line?
		Circumstantially, however, #1 at the finish line, fearing the loss of her yet-to-be presented crown to up-and-coming contenders for runner-up, may well have been listening acutely to thundering hooves behind her while looking forward in a near dead heat run for shear existence.
	triffophoto3.tripod.com /tpomagazine/id7.html (667 words)

	A-Bomb WWW Museum ~ June,1995
		Little Boy was dropped from the Enola Gay, one of the B-29 bombers that flew over Hiroshima on that day.
		Though the amount of energy generated by the bomb dropped to Nagasaki was significantly larger than that of the Little Boy, the damage given to the city was slighter than that given to Hiroshima due to the geographic structure of the city.
		It is estimated that approximately 70,000 people died by the end of the year because of the bombing.
	www.csi.ad.jp /ABOMB (1111 words)

	nuclear weapon -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		also called atomic weapon, or thermonuclear weapon bomb or other warhead that derives its force from either the fission or the fusion of atomic nuclei and is delivered by an aircraft, missile, Earth satellite, or other strategic delivery system.
		Nuclear weapons are thus far the most devastating weapon of mass destruction.
		Covers the UNSCOM inspections in Iraq, the Russian biological weapons program, the U.S. nuclear weapons policy, China's role in ballistic missile proliferation, the status of uranium in Russia, and implementation of the CTBT and the CWC.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9110178 (680 words)

	atomicarchive.com: Exploring the History, Science, and Consequences of the Atomic Bomb
		July - British 'MAUD' Committee reports that a weapon could be made with 10 kg of U-235; U.S. Academy of Sciences endorses bomb program.
		Beginning with the scientific developments of the pre-war years, the section details the role of United States government in conducting a secret, nationwide enterprise that took science from the laboratory and into combat with an entirely new type of weapon.
		A comprehensive section chronicling the race for the atomic bomb, from the discovery of nuclear fission to the Trinity Test.
	www.atomicarchive.com (390 words)

	The First Atomic Weapons
		Concurrent with the preparations for the Trinity test, preparations were being made for the delivery of operational atomic weapons to Tinian Island in the Pacific for use against Japan at the earliest possible date.
		Two weapon designs were available for use - the gun assembly Little Boy bomb that used uranium highly enriched in U-235, and the implosion assembly Fat Man that used plutonium.
		At the National Atomic Energy Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, representative weapon casings for the Little Boy and Fat Man type weapons are on display.
	nuclearweaponarchive.org /Usa/Med/Lbfm.html (372 words)

	Korea, North
		Negotiations over the country's suspected atomic weapons dragged on, but an agreement was reached in June 1995 that included a provision for providing the North with a South Korean nuclear reactor.
		In late December, North Korea expelled UN weapons inspectors from the country and announced it could no longer agree to the terms of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), officially withdrawing from it in January 2003.
		At a third round of negotiations on North Korea's nuclear weapons program in June 2004, the U.S. offered North Korea the delivery of heavy fuel oil and a “provisional security guarantee” if it agrees to disclose details of its weapons program, allow inspections, and begin to dismantle its nuclear program within three months.
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0107686 (1719 words)

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