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Topic: Atresia

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	Ear Surgery Information Center-Atresia
		Congenital Atresia, the absence of the external ear canal, is a birth defect which is almost always accompanied by abnormalities of both the middle ear bones in various degrees, as well as the external ear.
		In most cases of atresia (or lack of development of the external ear), there is a bony plate which separates the external ear from the contents of the middle ear where the bones of hearing are present.
		The parents are advised on the potential for reconstruction, based on the degree of development of the child's middle ear, inner ear, and mastoid, as well as the position of the facial nerve and the relative absence of or deformity of the bones of hearing.
	www.earsurgery.org /atresia.html (2088 words)

	Tricuspid Atresia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
		Tricuspid atresia is a type of congenital heart disease in which the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle fails to develop.
		The diagnosis of tricuspid atresia, and the associated specific problems such as a ventricular septal defect or transposition of the great arteries, can be very accurately diagnosed by echocardiography.
		The results of this staged approach to the child with tricuspid atresia are generally good, with an expected survival of all three stages of 75 percent to 95 percent depending on the exact malformations and surgery for any given individual.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/heart-encyclopedia/anomalies/tricuspid.htm (1465 words)

	Biliary Atresia - C.L.A.S.S.
		Although the cause is uncertain, it is known that biliary atresia affects only newborns; it is not hereditary; it is not contagious; and it is not preventable.
		In biliary atresia, the dye is taken up by the liver but cannot flow through the damaged biliary system to the small intestine.
		Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the preferred treatment is to remove the atretic biliary ducts outside the liver and attach the small intestine directly to the liver at the spot where bile is found or expected to drain.
	www.classkids.org /library/biliaryatresia.htm (993 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Choanal atresia
		Choanal atresia is a narrowing or blockage of the nasal airway by membranous or bony tissue.
		The cause of choanal atresia is unknown, but is thought to result from persistence of the membrane between the nasal and oral spaces during fetal development.
		Choanal atresia may be either on one side or on both sides and is often associated (in about 50% of cases) with other congenital abnormalities.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001642.htm (665 words)

	[No title]
		The composition (membranous or bony) and thickness of the atresia is assessed.
		The decision to use a transnasal versus a transpalatal approach rests on the surgeon's assessment of the choanal anatomy.[3] The composition of the atretic plate, the depth and shape of the nasopharynx, and the presence of other anomalies are the most important factors.
		Because the surgeon is "blinded" to the posterior nasopharyngeal wall during transnasal choanal atresia repair, a shallow nasopharynx is a relative contraindication to this approach.
	www.childsdoc.org /fall98/choanal/choanal.asp (1367 words)

	NIH Guide: BILIARY ATRESIA CLINICAL RESEARCH CONSORTIUM
		Biliary atresia is marked by a progressive, inflammatory obliteration of the extrahepatic biliary tree resulting in decreased bile flow and signs and symptoms of biliary obstruction starting soon after birth.
		A longitudinal cohort study of patients with biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis will help accelerate clinical research and progress in understanding the pathogenesis of biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis by more carefully defining its natural history and by providing a mechanism to investigate better means of diagnosis and of treatment.
		The CC should discuss the number of patients with biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis seen and followed at the center in the previous five years that might have been eligible to enroll in the clinical database as well as in specific treatment, investigational or diagnostic protocols.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-DK-02-008.html (7693 words)

	Birth Defects Link (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Atresia and stenosis of urethra and bladder neck: meatal stenosis is a narrowing of the opening of the urethra (the tube through which urine leaves the body).
		Choanal atresia, bilateral: congenital obstruction (membraneous or osseous) of the posterior choana or choanae.
		It offers a scientific article on choanal atresia with information concerning the clinical aspects of the disease including pathophysiology, etiology, frequency, differential diagnosis, diagnostic methods (like rhinogram, CT scan and a diagram illustrating the trans palatal correction of choanal atresia), surgical therapy and procedures, postoperative details and follow-up care.
	www.icbd.org /link.htm (8982 words)

	BA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Biliary Atresia is the congenital absence or closure of the ducts that drain bile from the liver.
		A network of tubular structures and tiny ducts form the biliary system to drain bile from the liver to the small intestine where it aids in the digestive process. Biliary atresia is the closure or disappearance of the biliary system.
		Biliary Atresia is the number one cause in children to need a liver transplant.
	www.txpiranha88.homestead.com /BA.html (710 words)

	Congenital Aural Atresia
		Congenital aural atresia is a term used to refer to a spectrum of ear deformities present at birth that involve some degree of failure of the development of the external auditory canal (EAC).
		Type B atresia is characterized by narrowing of both the cartilaginous and bony EAC along with a small TM and mild deformity of the malleus and incus.
		There are basically two techniques for atresia repair—the transmastoid approach and the anterior approach.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Congenital-Aural-Atresia-2003-01/Congenital-Aural-Atresia-030108.htm (4294 words)

	Duodenal Atresia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Causes, incidence, and risk factors : The cause of duodenal atresia is unknown but it is thought that damage to the duodenum, such as loss of blood supply during gestation causes the duodenum to lose tissue, narrow, and become obstructed.
		Duodenal atresia is present in approximately 1 out of 6,000 newborns.
		Approximately 25% of duodenal atresia is found in infants with Downs.
	www.ibnsinahospitalku.jeeran.com /duo.htm (273 words)

	BILIARY ATRESIA ATRESIE DES VOIES BILAIRES
		Biliary atresia (BA) is characterized by biliary obstruction of unknown origin, occurring in the perinatal period.
		Neonatal hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia associated with cytomegalovirus infection in twins.
		Detection of reovirus RNA in hepatobiliary tissues from patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cysts.
	www.md.ucl.ac.be /pedihepa/BILIARYATRESIA.htm (3786 words)

	Intestinal Atresia
		Intestinal atresia (absence of a normal opening) is the failure of a portion of the intestinal tract to completely form.
		Note that the part of the duodenum before the atresia is dilated and the part of the duodenum after the atresia is narrowed.
		Depending on the type of atresia, the baby may be in the hospital for longer than one to two months.
	www.pedisurg.com /PtEduc/Intestinal_Atresia.htm (366 words)

	► Choanal atresia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Choanal atresia is a congenital narrowing or blockage of the nasal airway by membranous or bony tissue.
		The cause of choanal atresia is unknown, but the condition is the most common nasal abnormality seen in the newborn infant.
		Choanal atresia blocking both sides of the nose causes acute breathing problems with cyanosis and breathing failure.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/001642.htm (241 words)

	What is Esophageal Atresia?
		Interspersed with the text is a dialogue with Mary Clark, a nutritionist who has been studying the history of esophageal atresia, and Greg Burke, the founder of this organization, Much of the background information comes from Dr. Keith Ashcraft and Dr. Nate Myers, both of whom have written the most extensive histories to date.
		The baby died, and autopsy subsequently revealed esophageal atresia with a distal tracheo-esophageal fistula and an imperforate (without an opening) anus with a fistula to the bladder neck.
		Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula are as individual as the child is.
	www.tefvater.org /html/ea.html (4415 words)

	U-M CVC - Tricuspid Atresia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tricuspid atresia occurs when the tricuspid valve fails to develop while the baby is in the womb.
		In babies born with tricuspid atresia, the tricuspid valve is absent (1) and the right ventricle is small (2).
		In some babies with tricuspid atresia there is too much blood flow to the lungs causing congestive heart failure and the associated symptoms of poor feeding, clammy sweating, fast breathing, low energy, and slow growth.
	www.med.umich.edu /cvc/mchc/partri.htm (2504 words)

	What is Biliary Atresia? - Liver Health Information - The American Liver Foundation
		Biliary atresia is a serious disease of the young infant whose cause is unknown.
		Biliary atresia is not known to be a hereditary condition.
		The most successful treatment for biliary atresia to date is a type of surgery that creates drainage of bile from the liver when the ducts have become completely obstructed.
	www.liverfoundation.org /db/articles/1012 (1373 words)

	Biliary atresia - Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago, IL)
		Biliary atresia is a chronic, progressive liver problem that becomes evident shortly after birth.
		Some researchers and physicians believe that babies are born with biliary atresia, implying the problem with the bile ducts occurred during pregnancy while the liver was developing.
		Biliary atresia does not seem to be linked to medications the mother took, illnesses the mother had, or anything else the mother did during her pregnancy.
	www.childrensmemorial.org /depts/gastroenterology/liver/biliary.asp (1417 words)

	TheFetus.net - Larynx, atresia -Adriana Valcamonico, MD, Luis Flavio Goncalves, MD, Philippe Jeanty, MD, PhD
		The diagnosis of laryngeal atresia was made and the parents opted to terminate the pregnancy.
		The three different types of atresia previously described are not absolute, but rather gradations of a continuous spectrum and indicate that the arrest has happened in different stages of embryonic development.
		Polyhydramnios is commonly associated with laryngeal atresia and is attributable to the decreased fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid, from compression of esophagus by the lung and/or compression of the stomach by ascites
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=401 (1751 words)

	Llamapaedia: Problems: Choanal Atresia
		Choanal atresia is a devastating congenital defect which is relatively common in llamas and very uncommon in other animals and people.
		Choanal atresia is the lack of a connection between the nose and the mouth.
		Therefore, choanal atresia is the lack of a normal opening at the choanae.
	www.llamapaedia.com /problems/choanal.html (581 words)

	Esophageal atresia
		Esophageal atresia is a serious birth defect in which the esophagus, the long tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, is segmented and closed off at any point.
		This condition usually occurs with tracheoesophageal fistula, a condition in which the esophagus is improperly attached to the trachea, the nearby tube that connects the nasal area to the lungs.
		Infants with esophageal atresia are unlikely to survive without surgery to reconnect the esophagus.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/esophageal_atresia.jsp (734 words)

	Biliary Atresia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Biliary atresia is a rare disease of the liver and bile ducts that occurs in infants.
		Biliary atresia is diagnosed after the ducts have been checked and when the cholangiogram shows that the bile ducts are not open.
		Long-term survival after the Kasai procedure is affected by the presence of progressive liver disease (cirrhosis) and the development of portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the portal vein that carries blood to the liver).
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /svc/alpha/l/liver/diseases/biliary.htm (1765 words)

	Ear Canal Atresia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Congenital Atresia, the absence of the external ear canal, is a birth defect
		Evaluation of the atresia and the development of the middle ear is usually
		In most cases of atresia (or lack of development of the external ear), there is
	www.texaspedioto.com /ear_canal_atresia.html (1722 words)

	U-M CVC - Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In babies with pulmonary atresia, the pulmonary valve (3) is so small that blood flow leaving the right heart is completely blocked.
		In most babies with pulmonary atresia, the right ventricle and the tricuspid valve (6) are also too small, although the degree that these structures are affected varies.
		Physical findings: Most babies with pulmonary atresia are born at term and are a normal weight and length (since before birth the baby's oxygen comes from the mother).
	www.med.umich.edu /cvc/mchc/paratresia.htm (1117 words)

	AllRefer Health - Duodenal Atresia
		Duodenal atresia is a condition in which the duodenum (the first part of the small bowel) has not developed properly.
		The cause of duodenal atresia is unknown, but it is thought to result from problems during the embryologic stage in which the duodenum normally changes from solid to tube-like (recanalization).
		Duodenal atresia is present in more than 1 in 10,000 live births.
	health.allrefer.com /health/duodenal-atresia-info.html (307 words)

	eMedicine - Duodenal Atresia : Article by Gerald Mandell, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pathophysiology: The etiology of duodenal atresia and stenosis is unknown.
		One half of the neonates with duodenal atresia or stenosis are born prematurely.
		When duodenal atresia is combined with esophageal atresia, no air is observed in the stomach, and because the stomach is obstructed at both ends, the infant presents with a large, opaque upper midabdominal mass.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic223.htm (1871 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Biliary atresia
		Biliary atresia is an obstruction of the bile ducts caused by their failure to develop normally in the fetus.
		Biliary atresia is caused by the abnormal development of the bile ducts inside or outside the liver.
		In babies with biliary atresia, bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder is blocked.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001145.htm (503 words)

	Biliary Atresia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		When a baby has biliary atresia, bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder is blocked.
		If the baby has biliary atresia, the liver will take up the dye but it will not be able to flow through the damaged biliary system into the small intestine.
		The Kasai procedure is not a cure for biliary atresia, but it does allow babies to grow and have fairly good health for several years.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/info/abdomen/diagnose/biliary.htm (1765 words)

	AllRefer Health - Esophageal Atresia (Tracheoesophageal Fistula)
		Esophageal atresia is a disorder of the digestive system in which the esophagus does not develop properly.
		Other types of esophageal atresia involve narrowing of the esophagus and may also be associated with other birth defects.
		This condition is frequently complicated by the infant's breathing saliva and secretions into the lungs, causing pneumonia, choking, and possibly death.
	health.allrefer.com /health/esophageal-atresia-info.html (423 words)

	Left ventricular performance of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum after right heart bypass surgery -- ...
		Left ventricular performance of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum after right heart bypass surgery -- Tanoue et al.
		atresia with intact ventricular septum and 21 patients with
		pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum are inferior
	jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/128/5/710 (414 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair
		This surgery is used to repair two congenital defects of the airway and the digestive tract: tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia.
		In those with esophageal atresia, the esophagus is interrupted and ends in a blind pouch.
		In most cases, the lower portion of the esophagus is abnormally connected to the airway (trachea) by a small channel or tube called a fistula.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002934.htm (648 words)

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