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	Atropatene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Atropatene was an ancient region in NW Iran, formerly a part of Media.
		Atropatene was the name of Iranian Azerbaijan from the time of Alexander the Great until the Arab conquest of Iran, after which Arabs modified the name into Azerbaijan.
		It was called Atropatene or Media Atropatene after Atropates who made it independent soon after the death of Alexander the Great.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Atropatene (152 words)

	Ecbatana
		The Greeks supposed it to be the capital of Media, confusing the Manda, of whom Astyages was king, with the Mada or Medes of Media Atropatene, and ascribed its foundation to Deioces[?] (the Daiukku of the cuneiform inscriptions), who is said to have surrounded his palace in it with seven concentric walls of different colours.
		Under the Persian kings, Ecbatana, situated at the foot of Mount Elvend, became a summer residence; and was afterwards the capital of the Parthian kings.
		Sir H Rawlinson attempted to prove that there was a second and older Ecbatana in Media Atropatene, on the site of the modern Takht-i-Suleiman[?], but the cuneiform texts imply that there was only one city of the name, and Takht-i-Suleiman is the Gazaca[?] of classical geography.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ec/Ecbatana.html (220 words)

	Phraates - LoveToKnow 1911
		He was attacked in 36 by Antonius (Mark Antony), who marched through Armenia into Media Atropatene, and was defeated and lost the greater part of his army.
		Believing himself betrayed by Artavasdes, king of Armenia, he invaded his kingdom in 34, took him prisoner, and concluded a treaty with another Artavasdes, king of Atropatene.
		But when the war with Octavianus Augustus broke out, he could not maintain his conquests; Phraates recovered Atropatene and drove Artaxes, the son of Artavasdes, back into Armenia (Dio.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Phraates (636 words)

	Azerbaijan
		The capital of Atropatene was the town of Gazaka.
		During Atropatene's golden age one of the oldest states of Transcaucasia, Caucasian Albania, arose in the area of Azerbaijan north of the Araks river.
		During the 7th century AD the territory of Azerbaijan, where the weakened areas of Atropatene (in the south) and of Caucasian Albania (in the north) still remained, was conquered by the Arabs, and became part of the Arabian caliphate.
	www.ulfsbo.nu /ussr/azerbaijan1.html (4447 words)

	Atropatene.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Atropates established an independent country Atropatene with its capital at Gazaca after Alexander's death in the northern Media.
		Media was conqurred by the Parthian king Mithradates I in 152 BCE and it remained under the Arsacid rule until 226 CE.
		Media together with Atropatene came under the Sasanian rule in 226 CE.
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C2/Greece/AG/HK/Atropatene/Atropatene.htm (157 words)

	Peithon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Actually, the satrapy was too large for one man: Peithon would be a very powerful man, and could destabilize the entire empire.
		Therefore, he had to give up the northern part, which was given to Atropates, from then known as Media Atropatene.
		The soldiers who remained in the eastern part of Alexander's realm after his death, grew agitated by their lengthy stay abroad, and began spontaneous revolts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peithon (399 words)

	Parthian Castle discovered in Atropatene region
		Phraaspa, an ancient castle of the Parthian province of Atropatene, was discovered during the archaeological studies near Zahhak Castle in Hashtrud, in Iran’s northwestern province of East Azarbaijan.
		Thus the partition of the country, which the Persians had introduced, became lasting; the north was named Atropatene, after its governor, a name which is preserved in modern Azarbaijan.
		The provincial capital was Gazaca in the central plain, and the strong castle of the city was Phraaspa, which was believed to be identical with the great ruin Takht-e Suleiman, with remains of Sasanid fire temples and of a later palace.
	www.cais-soas.com /News/2005/april2005/21-04.htm (372 words)

	The Achaemenid Empire
		The story of Zarathushtra’s birth in Media Atropatene is basically a late Sasanian misunderstanding of history.
		The conclusion drawn by the Sasanian Magi was that Zarathushtra must have belonged to the Magi tribe, thus originating from Atropatene.
		However, everything in the Gathas points us to conclude that Zarathushtra was born in a pastoral society of the Bronze Age and lived somewhere in the steppes of eastern Caspian or Transoxiana in the court of a major chief called Kāvi Wishtaspa.
	www.iranologie.com /history/zarathushtra.html (2380 words)

	Azerbaijan - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		There are several hypotheses regarding the origins of the name "Azerbaijan." The most common theory is that it is derived from "Atropatan." Atropat was the satrap at the time of the Persian Achaemenid dynasty, and gained independence after Alexander the Great destroyed the Achaemenids.
		The region was known as Media Atropatia or Atropatene at the time.
		The satrapies of Atropatene and Caucasian Albania were established in the 4th century BC and included the approximate territories of present-day Azerbaijan and southern parts of Dagestan.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/z/e/Azerbaijan.html (1652 words)

	Smith's Bible Dictionary on StudyLight.org
		The division of Media commonly recognized by the Greeks and Romans was that into Media Magna and Media Atropatene.
		Media Atropatene corresponded nearly to the modern Azerbijan, being the tract situated between the Caspian and the mountains which run north from Zagros.
		Media Magna lay south and east of Atropatene.
	www.studylight.org /dic/sbd/print.cgi?number=T2894 (520 words)

	[No title]
		Back to article: AZERBAIJAN (also spelt ADERBIJAN; the Azerbadegan of medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients)
		AZERBAIJAN (also spelt ADERBIJAN; the Azerbadegan of medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients), the north-western and.
		It is separated from Russian territory on the N. by the river Aras (Araxes), while it has the Caspian Sea, Gilan and Khamseh (Zenjan) on the E., Kurdistan on the S., and Asiatic Turkey on the W. Its area is estimated at 32,000 sq.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=6062 (542 words)

	Archaeologists restoring ruins near Zahak Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		While southern Media with Ecbatana passed to the rule of Antigonus, and afterwards to Seleucus I, Atropates maintained himself in his satrapy and succeeded in founding an independent kingdom.
		Thus the partition of the country, which the Persians had introduced, became lasting; the north was named Atropatene, after the founder of the dynasty, a name which is preserved in modern Azarbaijan.
		The capital was Gazaca in the central plain, and the strong castle of the city was Phraaspa, which was believed to be identical with the great ruin Takht-e Suleiman, with remains of Sassanid fire temples and of a later palace.
	www.mehrnews.ir /en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=215034 (374 words)

	Media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the new Achaemenian Empire they retained a prominent position; in honour and war they stood next to the Persians, and their court ceremonial was adopted by the new sovereigns, who in the summer months resided in Ecbatana.
		About 152 BC, however, Media was taken by the Parthian king Mithradates I, and it remained subject to the Arsacids until about AD 226, when it passed, together with Atropatene, to the Sasanians.
		By that time the Medes had lost their distinctive character and had been amalgamated into the one nation of the Iranians.
	www.knn.u-net.com /media.htm (370 words)

	The Action Plan for Australian Butterflies - Mimene atropatene
		Taxonomy: Mimene atropatene is one of a large genus of about 20 species occurring mainly in New Guinea and West Papua.
		atropatene have been described but, as noted by Braby (2000), Australian specimens differ significantly from Papua New Guinea specimens in several characteristics.
		atropatene occurs in, or at the edge of tropical rainforest, where most specimens have been taken visiting flowers (Miller 1975).
	www.deh.gov.au /biodiversity/threatened/action/butterfly/species/042.html (215 words)

	Azerbaijan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The country is formally an emerging democracy, however with strong authoritarian rule.
		The first kingdom to emerge in the territory of present-day Republic of Azerbaijan was Mannae in the 9th century BC, lasting until 616 BC when it became part of the Median Empire, which later became part of the Persian Empire in 549 BC.
		The satrapies of Atropatene and Caucasian Albania were established in the 4th century BC and included the approximate territories of the present-day Azerbaijan nation-state and southern parts of Dagestan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Azerbaijan (2598 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 95
		Princess of Commagene Ervanduni married King of Media Atropatene Artavasdes I Arakuni, son of King of Media Atropatene Ariobarzanes I Arakuni and Princess of Commagene N.
		He was the son of King of Parthia and Media Atropatene Mithradates III Arakuni and Princess of the Artashesian.
		Princess of the Artashesian married King of Parthia and Media Atropatene Mithradates III Arakuni, son of King of Parthia Phraates III Arakuni and Piritana Arakuni, 0086 B.C; His 2nd.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p95.htm (8057 words)

	Arislan Senki Review Pages
		The Lusitanian's are determined to spread the word of their one true god Yaldabord to the rest of the Pagan world.
		Their latest conquest is the Kingdom of Palse, ruled by Andragoras III, his armies were defeated on the plains of Atropatene thanks to sorcery and superior military planning.
		The kingdom of Palse is in disarray after its ruler disappeared at the battle of Atropatene.
	www.abcb.com /arislan/ars_o001.htm (602 words)

	Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A Scythian group in the northeast (Parthia) 247, Khurasan 185, Media, Fars, Atropatene, Babylon, and Elymais 141-138.
		Having been the northern end of the old Median realm for many centuries, this region now became separate and distinct as the post-Alexandrian Kingom of Atropatene, or Media Atropatene.
		Atropates founded a quasi-Hellenistic successor state in the north of Media, called Atropatene.
	www.hostkingdom.net /iran.html (2841 words)

	brief history of Parthia - world history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		By the early 2nd century, the Parthians had extended their rule to northwestern Iran.
		Parthia and Armenia (the latter had separated from the Seleucid Empire ca190) both claimed the territory of Azerbaijan, called Atropatene, which became a semi-autonomous dependency of Parthia.
		In the mid-2nd century, under Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the Seleucids of Syria tried to conquer Parthia but were defeated by Mithradates I (ca171-138), who annexed the former territory of Media east of Mesopotamia, where, in the area around modern Hamadan, the Parthian ruler founded Ecbatana.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /p/parthia.html (748 words)

	Parthian era Phraaspa Castle discovered in Atropatene region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Parthian era Phraaspa Castle discovered in Atropatene region
		TEHRAN, April 20 (MNA) -- Phraaspa, an ancient castle of the Parthian province of Atropatene, was discovered during the archaeological studies near Zahak Castle in Hashtrud, in Iran’s northwestern province of East Azarbaijan.
		In addition, archaeologists have previously discovered many religious monuments and artifacts dating back to the Parthian era near Zahak Castle,” he said in conclusion.
	www.mehrnews.ir /en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=174316 (357 words)

	Media
		To restore order, he also had to charge the two officers, who were indeed convicted by Alexander and eventually executed.
		After the death of Alexander in 323, Atropates was removed from office and replaced by a man named Peithon, but he was able to keep the northern part of Media, which was called Atropatene.
		After the wars of the Diadochi, Media became part of the empire of Seleucus I Nicator, which included parts of Anatolia and Syria, all of Mesopotamia, and the Iranian platform.
	www.livius.org /mea-mem/media/media2.html (1160 words)

	The Kingdom of Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Tigranes was then invited by the Syrians to take the Seleucid throne (83 BC).
		Upon the death of Mithradates II, Tigranes turned on the Gotarzes I and reclaimed the land he lost plus additional lands including Atropatene and Gorduene.
		This resurgence of Armenian independence was short lived however, as Tigranes angered both the Romans and the Parthians.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/armenia.htm (232 words)

	Main page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ancient Media consisted of Azarbaijan (Atropatene), Kordestan, the region around Hamedan, the areas of lake Hoz-e Soltan and the Salt Lake (Daryacha - ye Namak), the regions of the Qara - su and Qomrud Rivers, the northern part of the Kavir Plain, Isfahan (Paraitekene), Kermanshah and Lorestan.
		Atropatene (Azarbaijan) was independent, and Chandragopta, the King of India, had founded a kingdom to the east of the Indus River, the capital of which was Pataliputra (Patna).
		The different nationalities possessing a variety of cultures and traditions within this extensive Seleucid Empire made the continuation of its existence more difficult.
	www.navb.net /travel/History/index2.html (858 words)

	The Shahr (province) of Armin
		Armenia and the kingdoms of the Caucasus had acquired an Iranian element in their populations from the early Scythian invasion (Herodotus 4.1ff), and Alan incursions into Armenia and Atropatene must have added to this minority.
		Thus the southeast district of Armenia could be named Sacasene; farther north, Ptolemy's Syracene indicates an influx of the nomadic Siraci, who were adjacent to the Alans (Strabo 11.2.1).
		An eastern road descended the Araxes from it to Julfa (Sanora in Tabula Peutingeriana), where the road from Atropatene connected.
	www.ancientworlds.net /154077 (512 words)

	History of Azerbaijan - Azerb.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The king of minor Media, Atropat, seized this moment to proclaim his country's independence.
		The lands north of the Araz river were called Atropatene, after him.
		After Alexander's death his empire fragmented and Azerbaijan was integrated in the area controlled by one of his generals: Seleucus.
	geo.ya.com /travelimages/az-hist.html (4657 words)

	Media (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		It included Atropatene, (Armenian Atrpatakan, the name, "Fire-guarding," showing devotion to the worship of Fire) to the North, and Media Magna to the South, the former being the present A'zarbaijan.
		Near the Caspian the country is low, damp and unhealthy, but inland most of it is high and mountainous, Mt. Demavand in the Alburz range reaching 18,600 ft. Atropatene was famed for the fertility of its valleys and table-lands, except toward the North.
		Media Magna is high; it has fruitful tracts along the course of the streams, but suffers much from want of water, though this was doubtless more abundant in antiquity.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/5896 (430 words)

	AZERBAIJAN (also spelt... - Online Information article about AZERBAIJAN (also spelt...
		AZERBAIJAN (also spelt ADERBIJAN; the Azerbadegan of medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients)
		medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients), the See also:
		End of Article: AZERBAIJAN (also spelt ADERBIJAN; the Azerbadegan of medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients)
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /AUD_BAI/AZERBAIJAN_also_spelt_ADERBIJAN.html (861 words)

	Zeno - Oriental Coins Database - Kings of Media-Antropatene. Artavasdes. AE, Circa 30 BC - Powered by PhotoPost
		From what i know Media Atropatene was a sub kingdom within the Artaxiad reign (in northern part of present day Iran).
		Must be keep in mind, that on this coin we see only Armenian tiara and name Artavazdes, and we can't talk about issuer - maybe it's coinage of some suzerain or vassal of Armenian king.
		If the legend wasnt legible then the possibilities would have been either Kings Ariobarzanes I, or Artavasdes I, or small possibility of Prince Darios of Media Atropatene.
	www.zeno.ru /showphoto.php?photo=19431 (363 words)

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