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	Attachment theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attachment theory is a theory (or group of theories) about the psychological tendency to seek closeness to another person, to feel secure when that person is present, and to feel anxious when that person is absent.
		Attachment theory has become the dominant theory used today in the study of infant and toddler behavior and in the fields of infant mental health, treatment of children, and related fields.
		Attachment in adults is commonly measured using the Adult Attachment Interview and self-report questionnaires.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Attachment_styles (1030 words)

	Lit. Review
		Attachment theory assumes that the expectations, beliefs, and feelings that an individual develops because of the responsiveness of the caregiver are later transferred to and displayed in other close relationships (Hazan and Shaver, 1994).
		Although longitudinal studies on the development of attachment styles have been mostly limited to middle and later childhood, recent research on adult attachment styles has shown that the attachment patterns that are formed in infancy and childhood seem to have equivalent counterparts in adulthood.
		The dismissing attachment style is characterized by a sense of worthiness.
	web.uccs.edu /ahanisch/newpage6.htm (4892 words)

	How to assess adult attachment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The methodological challenge to determining the adult attachment styles from self-reported data was approached by using Likert-type scale in assessing the attachment styles and applying a person-oriented approach in forming the adult attachment style groups by using clustering analysis.
		The attachment styles of 137 women and 146 men, aged 36 years old, were assessed in relation to same and opposite sex, using Bartholomew and Horowitz's (1991) Relationship Questionnaire, and examined in the light of Bartholomew's (1990) 4-category model of adult attachment.
		Attachment styles in relation to same and opposite sex were associated, but gender differences were found in the typicality of the attachment styles.
	www.psykologienkustannus.fi /sps/abstraktit/abstract_399199_209.htm (218 words)

	Great Ideas in Personality--Attachment Theory
		Attachment theory is meant to describe and explain people's enduring patterns of relationships from birth to death.
		Attachment was first studied in non-human animals, then in human infants, and later in human adults.
		Attachment styles in adults are thought to stem directly from the working models (or mental models) of oneself and others that were developed during infancy and childhood.
	www.personalityresearch.org /attachment.html (1082 words)

	Relating Attachment Style and Behavior in Relationships
		Subjects with a secure attachment style reported that they experienced love as trusting, happy, and friendly, and the duration of their relationships was twice as long as those of the insecure attachment style subjects.
		It can be concluded from these results that adults with secure attachment styles have positive views of themselves and relationships, that avoidant adults fear intimacy and have negative views of themselves, and that anxious/ambivalent adults may be obsessive about their relationships and fall in and out of love easily, implying a negative view of relationships.
		He explored attachment style in friendships as well as romantic relationships, used an investigatory interview to determine the subject's history of relationships over the previous five years to rectify self-report problems in other studies, and examined the relationship between attachment style and psychosocial functioning in groups other than the typical sample of college students.
	www.jteers.net /jess/academia/attachment.html (1399 words)

	Attachment Across Cultures - Research Report
		Attachment behaviors is the term used to refer to the actions or signals of infants, such as crying, smiling and vocalizing, which help to bring their caregiver into close proximity.
		The attachment classification found for the Gueissi dyads [2] was similar to the findings in Western studies, with 61% demonstrating secure attachment to their mothers and 54% to other non-maternal caregivers.
		Literature on the study of attachment in the Japanese culture is complicated by the concept of amae (a relationship with emotional dependence on the caregiver akin to an attachment relationship) which is considered similar to the concept of attachment (Doi, 1989; 1992).
	www.attachmentacrosscultures.org /research (9197 words)

	[No title]
		If attachment "styles" represent a chronic tendency to view one's relational world in a particular way, participants should not have difficulty generating exemplars of the attachment pattern that corresponds to their view.
		The study highlights the importance of recognizing that people may possess multiple working models of attachment, and rather than responding to new relationship opportunities in predictable ways according to a chronic style of attachment, they may be influenced by the relational knowledge that is accessible at the time.
		It would be difficult to reconcile these findings with the implicit view in the adult attachment literature that attachment styles are essentially stable personality dispositions that presumably define the person's orientation in all their relationships, or at least in their most significant close relationships.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~baldwin/avacc.html (12762 words)

	Science News Online - This Week - News Feature - 11/15/97
		Secure attachment fosters lasting relationships marked by trust and compromise; avoidant attachment results in dread of or disdain for emotional intimacy in relationships; and anxious (or ambivalent) attachment leads to insecurity about close relationships and manipulative attempts to control romantic partners.
		Mickelson and her coworkers assessed these interpersonal styles in 8,080 adults age 15 to 54 who participated in a national survey that was designed primarily to examine rates of mental disorders and characteristics of people with various psychiatric diagnoses.
		The national distributions of secure attachment style, 59 percent, and of avoidant style, 25 percent, correspond roughly to earlier estimates from studies of college students, the investigators report in the November Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
	www.sciencenews.org /sn_arc97/11_15_97/fob1.htm (567 words)

	Styles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attachment can be described as a special form of emotional relationship involving mutuality, comfort, safety and pleasure for both caregiver and child in a relationship.
		Further research into attachment styles is necessary if we are to fully understand the attachment process and the factors that support or hinder a healthy attachment.
		Research is limited on attachment styles over time, the effects of secondary attachments to the original attachment, and many other aspects of the attachment period.
	www.earlychildhoodbehavioralhealth.com /RADCenter/styles.htm (524 words)

	Attachment Between Infant and Caregiver - Definition, Description, Common problems, Parental concerns
		Infant attachment is the deep emotional connection that an infant forms with his or her primary caregiver, often the mother.
		Attachment theory is based on the idea that the bond between an infant and his or her primary caregiver is the crucial and primary influence in infant development and as such forms the basis of coping, the development of relationships, and the formation of personality.
		From a behavioral perspective, attachment is represented by a group of instinctive infant behaviors that serve to form the attachment bond, protect the child from fear and harm, and aid in the infant's protected exploration of the world.
	www.healthofchildren.com /A/Attachment-Between-Infant-and-Caregiver.html (1792 words)

	Crisp Volume 7 No 11
		The relative importance of these two theoretical frameworks for conceptualizing romantic/love relationships was assessed through charting the relationships of the three attachment styles and the six lovestyles with overall relationship satisfaction and, through statistical regression, estimating percent of the variance accounted for by the variables comprising the two models.
		When attachment style was assessed through the participants nominating the love style which best described them, 70% nominated the secure style, and 10% each the anxious and avoidant styles.
		Alternatively, as secure attachment is characterized by an ability and desire to commit to an intimate relationship, it may be that secure types, having made a commitment to a partner remain in the relationship despite dissatisfaction.
	www.uiowa.edu /~grpproc/crisp/crisp.7.11.htm (6296 words)

	Adults
		We all have perceptions and behaviors across the continuum of attachment styles; however, we tend to adopt one primary style based on early attachment relationships.
		Starting during his first months in his relation to both parents, he builds up working models of how attachment figures are likely to behave towards him in any of a variety of situations, and on all those models are based all his expectations, and therefore all his plans, for the rest of his life.
		Simpson, J.A. and Rholes, W.S. Attachment in adulthood.
	www.center4familydevelop.com /adults.htm (2754 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Joo, Eunjee
		The primary purpose of this study was to explore the parent, peer, and romantic attachment styles of both parenting and nonparenting adolescents.
		The secondary purpose of the study was to examine whether selected demographic variables, parent, and peer attachment predict the romantic attachment styles of adolescents.
		The short form of The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) developed by Armsden and Greenberg (1987) was used to measure attachment to parents and peers and three approaches were used to measure adolescent romantic attachment: a categorical, a multi-item measure based on Bartholomew and Horowitz’s (1991), and a continuous scale.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=osu1118074434 (342 words)

	UC DAVIS Adult Attachment Lab
		Styles A and B correspond to the secure and fearful-avoidant attachment patterns, respectively.
		Styles C and D correspond to the preoccupied and dismissing-avoidant attachment patterns respectively.
		After reporting extensive taxometric analyses on a large body of attachment data, the authors conclude that adult attachment is best measured and conceptualized in terms of dimensions, not as a categorical variable.
	psychology.ucdavis.edu /labs/Shaver/measures.htm (2198 words)

	Attachment Styles, Psychological Size
		A relationship between attachment styles and and psychological size and distance should be present in interpersonal relationships.
		Current models of attachment styles invoke the interplay of anxiety and avoidance in the development and expression of such styles (Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991).
		The one exception was a moderate correlation between anxiety and diversity for the Preoccupied style, and avoidance and frequency for the Dismissing attachment style.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~jons/APA2000.html (2018 words)

	Dissociative experiences and anger proneness in late adolescent females with different attachment styles Adolescence - ...
		Bowlby's attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969, 1973, 1980) pointed out the evolutionary function of the mother-child relationship, which inspired Ainsworth's research on the "Strange Situation" (Ainsworth et al., 1978)--a structured observational procedure designed to investigate attachment behavior in the child.
		The fourth attachment style, insecure-disorganized-disoriented, is a residual category of "unclassifiable" reactions, and includes children who show stereotypic movements or immobilized behavior with a dazed expression or a contradictory approach to the caregiver, keeping the face averted.
		Attachment theory has inspired research on attachment styles in close relationships over the life-span.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2248/is_150_38/ai_109027881 (374 words)

	Attachment styles in mother-daughter relationship; A transgenerational perspective
		One questionnaire will be looking at different attachment styles and is for the daughters to fill out.
		My piece of research is looking at different attachment styles in mother-daughter relationship and in particular it will be looking at transgenerational transmission of attachment styles.
		Much research have been done into attachment styles and eating disorders, but so far there is only partial knowledge of how different attachment representations actually are transmitted wihin a mother-daughter relationship.
	www.swedauk.org /Research/attachments.html (235 words)

	Adult Attachment Style
		Despite the documented association between insecure attachment style and depressive symptomatology, the work of Johnson and Greenberg (1995) suggests that a relationship characterized by high levels of dyadic adjustment might mitigate the relationship between insecure attachment style and depressive symptoms.
		Husbands with insecure attachment styles who reported relationships characterized by high levels of adjustment and trust also reported fewer depressive symptoms than did insecure husbands in relationships with lower levels of adjustment and trust.
		Therefore, for men with insecure attachment styles, it appears that the quality of the marital relationship might be a protective force against depressive symptoms.
	web.utk.edu /~kgordon1/poster.html (1433 words)

	AN INVESTIGATION OF SOCIAL SKILLS AND LONELINESS LEVELS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR ATTACHMENT STYLES ...
		Attachment is behavior evoked by closeness to or alienation from a selected and/or distinguished individual.
		The preoccupied attachment style identified by Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991) is equivalent to the anxiety/ambivalence attachment style identified by Hazan and Shaver (1987).
		The avoidant attachment style of Kazan and Shaver was classified as fearful and dismissing attachment styles in the model of Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3852/is_200501/ai_n9520806/pg_2 (478 words)

	Faith Maturity
		Basically attachment is "an enduring emotional bond that promotes active exploration and mastery of the environment, thereby supporting the development of autonomy," (TenElshof and Furrow 2000).
		Specifically, they hypothesized that childhood attachments styles would be correlated with adult attachment styles, that secure attachment styles would be positively correlated with faith maturity, and that secure adult attachment styles would be more predictive of faith maturity than secure childhood attachment styles.
		First, the authors found little correlation between childhood attachment styles and adult attachment styles, which is an odd finding in context to the previous research literature.
	www.hope.edu /academic/psychology/335/webrep/faithmaturity.htm (837 words)

	DRT Research
		Preliminary studies from our lab suggest that attachment style is associated with degree of risky behavior and that stress and depression work together in contributing to poor treatment adherence.
		Attachment style and stress perception: Sensitivity to sociotropy- and autonomy-related events among depressed individuals.
		Attachment representations of self and others as mediators between parenting experiences in childhood and depression in adulthood.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~robertsj/research.html (3748 words)

	SPR2000 Program - Influence of Adult Attachment Styles and Personality Disorders on Treatment Response (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attachment styles, DSM-III-R PDs, and symptoms were assessed via validated interviews by a team of experienced raters.
		Whereas attachment styles and PD clusters remained relatively stable over time, symptoms of anxiety and depression tended to improve.
		Several attachment prototypes predicted greater rate of symptomatic improvement, as measured by the Hamilton scales for depression and anxiety and the Global Assessment Scale (GAS), even after accounting for the influence of PD cluster scales.
	www.iep.uminho.pt /SPR/chicago/program/abs33.html (212 words)

	Demetrius at The Australian National University: Item 1885/43229 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attachment style was assessed in relation to self-esteem and quality of parental and peer relationships in a sample (N = 495) of high school students.
		It was predicted that there would be a high degree of relationship between secure attachment, quality of relationships, and self-esteem, and that there would be differential relationships between the various attachment styles and components of self-esteem.
		Results indicated that both Secure and Dismissive attachment styles were associated with high quality of attachment to mother and father but only Secure attachment was associated with high quality of attachment to peers.
	hdl.handle.net /1885/43229 (197 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-0227106-154946 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The purpose of this study was to examine reasons for living in people with secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent romantic attachment styles.
		Romantic attachment style was assessed by use of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ).
		A 3 (attachment style) X 2 (gender) Analysis of Variance with unequal cell sizes was used to test for main and interaction effects.
	etd-submit.etsu.edu /etd/theses/available/etd-0227106-154946 (130 words)

	Truth About Deception - Attachment Styles
		Briefly, the way we form an attachment to our romantic partners is based upon the kind of care we received as an infant.
		Finally, people who had a dismissing style of attachment as an infant are likely to form a dismissing attachment to their romantic partners.
		Again, one's attachment style influences our experience of jealousy, self-disclosure, conflict resolution, love, commitment, deception, infidelity, sexual behavior, just to name a few.
	truthaboutdeception.com /.../public/attachment_styles.html (1267 words)

	Attachment Theory and Psychotherapy Research -- Eells 10 (2): 132 -- Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research
		attachment issues were identified in the content analyses.
		attachment style may be the first reported in the psychotherapy
		Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM: Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model.
	jppr.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/10/2/132 (1765 words)

	Relationship Attachment Styles - Mental Health Disorders on MedicineNet.com
		Women whose questionnaire responses indicated that their attachment style was avoidant were more likely than secure women to pull away from their partners without actions like prolonged cuddling to maintain proximity.
		With lovers as with parents, people's attachment styles seem to stem from how they are treated by their partners--the less a loved one encourages affection, the more avoidant a person will likely be.
		But whether the style comes from handling by one's current seatmate or baggage from past relationships is still up in the air.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=35945 (511 words)

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