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Topic: Attacks on humanitarian workers

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	Knowledge King - Attacks on humanitarian workers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Humanitarian aid workers belonging to UN organisations, PVOss / NGOs or the Red Cross / Red Crescent have traditionally enjoyed both international legal protection, and de facto immunity from attack by belligerent parties.
		However, attacks on humanitarian workers have occasionally occurred, and became more frequent in the 1990s and 2000s.
		This is attributed to a number of factors, including the increasing number of humanitarian workers deployed, the increasingly unstable environments in which they work, and the erosion of the perception of neutrality and independence.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/a/at/attacks_on_humanitarian_workers.html (956 words)

	Attacks on humanitarian workers -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		However, attacks on humanitarian workers have occasionally occurred, and became more frequent in the (The decade from 1990 to 1999) 1990s and (Click link for more info and facts about 2000s) 2000s.
		This is attributed to a number of factors, including the increasing number of humanitarian workers deployed, the increasingly unstable environments in which they work, and the erosion of the perception of (Nonparticipation in a dispute or war) neutrality and independence.
		The legal basis for protection of humanitarian workers in conflicts is contained in the (An agreement concerning the treatment of prisoners of war) Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the related Protocol of 1975.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/A/At/Attacks_on_humanitarian_workers.htm (1827 words)

	Encyclopedia: Attacks on humanitarian workers
		The legal basis for protection of humanitarian workers in conflicts is contained in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the related Protocol of 1975.
		While the Geneva Conventions guarantee protection for humanitarian workers, they do not guarantee access of humanitarian workers to affected areas: governments or occupying forces may, if they wish, ban a relief agency from working in their area.
		Kabul, Afghanistan - April 28, 2004 - Two Afghan aid workers and a soldier were killed in an attack in the Panjwayi district of southern Kandahar city.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Attacks-on-humanitarian-workers (6262 words)

	Civilian casualties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The siege was designed not to kill the civilians but to force the opposing army to surrender due to starvation, disease, etc. The effects of the siege however directly affected the civilian population as much as the military force resulting in civilian casualties.
		During World War II, the US participated in the bombing of Dresden in World War II, the firebombing of Tokyo, and became the only nation in the world to use the atomic bomb against enemy cities when Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan were destroyed near the end of World War II.
		Humanitarian aid workers are given special protections under international humanitarian law, and yet attacks on them still occur.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Civilian_casualties (707 words)

	General Assembly Is Told Negative Consequences of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Catastrophe Still Being Felt, 15 Years ...
		Humanitarian agencies have made persistent efforts to deliver relief assistance in a way to promote self-reliance and contribute to economic recovery, yet needs are now so urgent that any interruption of relief assistance would be catastrophic.
		Humanitarian assistance should not be accompanied by any activity threatening the territorial integrity of the host country and should be carried out at the request of the countries concerned.
		Humanitarian workers and the civilian population bore the brunt of the highly complex environment of today's conflicts.
	www.unis.unvienna.org /unis/pressrels/2001/ga9978.html (9921 words)

	[29 Sep 1998] SC/6580 : RECENT RISE IN ATTACKS ON HUMANITARIAN WORKERS CONDEMNED, DURING SECURITY COUNCIL DEBATE
		Humanitarian organizations, however, have been concerned with the use of the military to support humanitarian activities, as that can compromise humanitarian workers and sometimes leads to increased violence against humanitarian personnel.
		Humanitarian activities were a component of a comprehensive and coordinated approach, and the Council could not avoid its responsibilities in that field.
		Humanitarian emergency situations were the most tragic symptom of the underlying threats to international peace and security, and should be addressed as a matter of priority.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/1998/19980929.sc6580.html (8900 words)

	Attacks on humanitarian workers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Humanitarian aid workers belonging to UN organisations, PVOs / NGOs or the Red Cross / Red Crescent have traditionally enjoyed both international legal protection, and de facto immunity from attack by belligerent parties.
		Médecins Sans Frontières was created in 1971 with the express purpose of ignoring this restriction, by providing assistance to populations affected by the Biafran civil war despite the prohibitions of the government of Nigeria.
		Badghis province, Afghanistan - June 3, 2004 - Five staff working for Médecins Sans Frontières were killed on the road between Khairkhana and Qala-I-Naw, resulting in the complete withdrawal of MSF from Afghanistan.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Attacks_on_humanitarian_workers (1493 words)

	Reuters AlertNet - Aid workers can protect themselves
		Attacks on humanitarian workers in the world’s danger spots represent an alarming trend that is likely to accelerate in the years ahead.
		Humanitarian organisations have no mandate to protect those receiving aid from the consequences of conflict but they can be vigorous advocates for the rights of war victims to safety under the Geneva Conventions and international humanitarian law.
		Humanitarian agencies working in insecure areas must be able to demonstrate that they take security seriously and exercise due diligence in making decisions affecting the safety of their staff.
	www.alertnet.org /thefacts/reliefresources/248004 (1557 words)

	Timeline of events in humanitarian relief and development - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The following is a timeline of key events in the history of humanitarian aid, international relief and development aid.
		1992 Operation Provide Relief, humanitarian relief for Somalia, was led by the United States.
		After looting of the aid, it was reorganized as Operation Restore Hope, an American military operation with the support of the United Nations to deliver humanitarian aid and restore order to Somalia, that eventually lead to the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_events_in_humanitarian_relief_and_development (282 words)

	Security Council Expresses Strong Condemnation of Violence Against Humanitarian Workers, Calls for Action to Ensure ...
		Among other things, those provisions concerned the prevention of attacks against members of United Nations operations, the establishment of such attacks as crimes punishable by law and the prosecution or extradition of offenders, in future, as well as, if necessary, in existing status-of-forces, status-of-missions and host country agreements.
		Humanitarian and United Nations and associated personnel played a vital and indispensable role in easing suffering during times of conflict and hardship.
		Preambular paragraph 4 reaffirmed the obligation of all humanitarian personnel and United Nations and its associated personnel to observe and respect the laws of the country in which they were operating, he said.
	www.unis.unvienna.org /unis/pressrels/2003/sc7856.html (1968 words)

	Ziegler & Handley \| The Future of International Humanitarian Action
		Given the disasters experienced by aid workers in 2003 and the reluctance of major and middle powers to commit the resources necessary for effective humanitarian operations, the future of international humanitarian action appears doubtful.
		Humanitarian agencies face many challenges within this new environment, such as developing a better understanding of the nature of conflict today, reconsidering the value of neutrality, reexamining the goals of humanitarian action, and finding new ways to provide for the security of aid workers.
		On the one hand it can refer to protecting humanitarian agencies and workers from insurgents or terrorists, and on the other hand it can mean protecting civilian populations from the same threats as well as protecting civilians from the effects of disease and natural disasters.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2004_07-09/zieglerhandley_hum/zieglerhandley_hum.html (5286 words)

	Afghanistan: Attacks on Aid Increasing (Human Rights Watch, 18-10-2001)
		The Taliban and other armed elements are carrying out widespread attacks on humanitarian workers in Afghanistan, and stealing their equipment, supplies, and vehicles.
		In addition to these cases, a number of humanitarian relief groups have reported incidents in which vehicles were seized at gunpoint by Taliban forces.
		Humanitarian relief agencies have been hit in air strikes on at least two other occasions, but there is no evidence that the agency facilities were the intended targets.
	www.hrw.org /press/2001/10/aid1018.htm (1010 words)

	Attacks rising Vs. humanitarian workers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The attack on a U.N. office was shocking only in its scope and high-profile locale: It may have been the worst of its kind, but it was far from unique.
		One of the tragedies of the attack is that it may achieve the goals of the attackers: curbing or halting the UN presence in the country.
		Two CARE workers were murdered in southern Sudan in 2000 and another five Red Cross employees were killed in the Congo a year later.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /en/doc/2003-08/20/content_256625.htm (652 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2001: - Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons - Attacks on ...
		In September 2000, UNHCR reported a total of 120 incidents of attacks, harassment, and intimidation of humanitarian workers and refugees since it established a presence in West Timor a year earlier.
		These included the arrest and trial of the perpetrators of the UNHCR murders and other attacks on humanitarian workers; the complete disarming and disbanding of the militias; and the restoration of law, order and security in the camps in West Timor.
		On the one hand, it was clearly unacceptable for humanitarian workers to be the targets of deliberate and vicious attacks.
	www.hrw.org /wr2k1/special/refugees4.html (548 words)

	War: Attacks on humanitarian workers
		Trends in risks faced by humanitarian workers * Wars between states became much less common in the period following the end of the Cold War.
		* Between 1985 and 1998 just under 50% of deaths were in workers from UN programmes.
		Source: Sheik, Gutierrez, et al, British Medical Journal 2000;321:166Ð8 Some recent high profile attacks on humanitarian workers * Republic of Somaliland - November 23, 1997 - UN negotiates with clan elders for release of 5 kidnapped aid workers.
	www.historyfocal.com /War/Attacks_on_humanitarian.shtml (956 words)

	Afghanistan: Escalating Attacks on Aid Workers and Civilians - Security Council - Global Policy Forum
		Factional rivalry in northern Afghanistan is leading to a rise in attacks on humanitarian aid workers and Afghan civilians, Human Rights Watch said in a new briefing paper released today.
		International humanitarian aid workers have been targeted in several of these attacks, and a number of international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are now reevaluating their operations in the north.
		The recent spate of attacks on aid groups includes the gang-rape of an international staff member, the robberies of two NGO offices, and firing on NGO vehicles.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/afghan/2002/0627attacks.htm (577 words)

	(U) The highest number of fatal attacks on humanitarian aid workers worldwide was reported in 2003, corresponding with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The security threat to this profession will remain high; attacks and assaults against civilian aid workers have been on the rise throughout the first two months of 2004, compared with the same time period of 2003.
		Data on reported violent and fatal attacks against humanitarian workers since 1997 indicate the majority of the victims are local staff employed by NGOs.
		Over the past seven years, most humanitarian workers have been killed during ambushes on vehicles and aid convoys, usually in remote and rebel-controlled areas where they are delivering supplies or conducting assessments.
	vranet.com /Govt1027/Docs/HIUWhitePaperFINALmarch112004.htm (994 words)

	[16 Dec 1997] GA/9383 : GENERAL ASSEMBLY STRONGLY CONDEMNS ATTACKS ON HUMANITARIAN WORKERS, URGES HELP OF GOVERNMENTS ...
		The Assembly called on Governments and parties in complex humanitarian emergencies, particularly armed conflicts and post-conflict situations, to cooperate fully with the United Nations and other humanitarian agencies and organisations and to ensure their safe and unhindered access to assist civilians, including refugees and internally displaced persons.
		By a draft resolution on the safety and security of humanitarian personnel (document A/52/L.45/Rev.1), the Assembly would urge all States to ensure that any threat or act of violence committed against humanitarian personnel on their territory is fully investigated, and to take all appropriate measures to ensure that their perpetrators are prosecuted.
		The Assembly would strongly condemn any act or failure to act which obstructs or prevents humanitarian personnel from discharging their humanitarian functions, or which entails their being subjected to threats, the use of force or physical attack frequently resulting in injury or death.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/1997/19971216.GA9383.html (7504 words)

	Scoop: UN Workers Under Attack In Southern Sudan
		The attack occurred as the workers were staying at a temporary compound at the end of their four-day relief mission in Nimnim in southern Sudan's Western Upper Nile region.
		The statement said none of the staff were injured in the attack, which damaged tents and aid stores and forced the humanitarian workers and local residents to temporarily flee the area.
		Bernt Aasen, UN Deputy Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan, said "this direct, deliberate and sustained attack on aid workers is outrageous and intolerable.
	www.scoop.co.nz /mason/stories/WO0403/S00012.htm (751 words)

	CNN.com - U.S. aid workers killed in Yemen - Dec. 30, 2002
		Authorities were questioning a suspected Islamic extremist who allegedly shot dead three U.S. humanitarian workers and wounded a fourth at a missionary hospital early Monday morning in southern Yemen, the U.S. ambassador to Yemen told CNN.
		Shortly after the attacks, the suspect, Abid Abdulrazzaq al-Kamil, 30, told authorities he did it "to get closer to God," but the motive for the shootings remained unclear, said Faris al-Sanabani, a Yemeni journalist.
		The attack was blamed on terrorist group al Qaeda, which was responsible for the September 11, 2001, attacks in New York and Washington.
	www.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/meast/12/30/yemen.doctors/index.html (726 words)

	Amnesty International Canada - Take Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Attacks on humanitarian workers and convoys have disrupted aid to thousands of displaced people.
		Indiscriminate or intentional attacks on civilians and torture (including systematic rape) are war crimes.
		Clear instructions should be issued to all combatants under their control not to kill civilians or use torture and rape or other forms of sexual violence.
	www.amnesty.ca /take_action/actSudan.php (827 words)

	MSF-USA: Special Report: The 10 Most Underreported Humanitarian Crises of 2002
		Attacks on humanitarian workers and health facilities and limited recognition by warring parties of the principle of access for humanitarian organizations to people in need, compounded by a decline in interest from the international donor community and a politicization of aid, have left some of the most vulnerable Somali populations without assistance.
		In October of 2002, for example, gunmen fired on patients and visitors in an MSF health structure in Aden Yabal in the Middle Shabelle region of the country, killing one and wounding three and resulting in the suspension of aid programs.
		Administrative pressure, kidnappings, and violence in the region have continued to hamper the delivery of much-needed humanitarian aid in the region.
	www.doctorswithoutborders.org /publications/reports/2002/top10_2002.html (2263 words)

	Equipo Nizkor - Security Council unanimously approves resolution aimed at protecting U.N. staff and humanitarian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It said deliberate attacks on U.N. and other humanitarian workers in armed conflicts are a war crime - and demands the prosecution of anyone who tries to harm them.
		The United States objected to a statement in the original draft declaring that attacks against humanitarian personnel and peacekeepers are considered a war crime by the International Criminal Court.
		This document has been published on 21oct03 by the Equipo Nizkor and Derechos Human Rights, in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes.
	www.derechos.org /nizkor/iraq/doc/csun3.html (498 words)

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