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	Attalid dynasty
		The Attalid dynasty was a Greek dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.
		The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC.
		Esther V. Hansen, The Attalids of Pergamon, (1971), pp.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/History/AttalidDynasty.html (161 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		Due to a childhood injury, having have lost his manly powers, Philetaerus never got married and had no son, so decided to adopt his nephew Eumenes as his heir to the throne of his small kingdom that he was just building.
		Although Eumenes I (263-241 BCE), has never used the title of King, he is regarded as the first king in the line of Attalid dynasty who ruled the Pergamum Kingdom for five generations.
		Bithynia under Prusia dynasty, the neighboring state of Pergamum has ever been a bad neighbor and Attalus's predecessors had to deal with that problem most of the time.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1605 words)

	Diadochi - LoveToKnow 1911
		The kingdoms into which the Macedonian empire was divided under these rulers are known as Hellenistic.
		The chief were Asia Minor and Syria under the Seleucid Dynasty, Egypt under the Ptolemies, Macedonia under the successors of Antigonus Gonatas, Pergamum under the Attalid dynasty.
		Gradually these kingdoms were merged in the Roman empire.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Diadochi (0 words)

	Pergamum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The original Attalid territory around Pergamum (Mysia) was greatly expanded by 188 BC with the addition of Lydia (excluding most Greek coastal cities), part of Phrygia, Lycaonia, and Pisidia (from 183 BC), all former Seleucid territories.
		The Attalids made the city of Pergamum one of the most important and beautiful of all Greek cities in the Hellenistic Age; it is one of the most outstanding examples of city planning in that period.
		The early Attalids erected the first structures of the upper (royal) city, but the later kings Eumenes II and Attalus III, by their extensive building and rebuilding, were chiefly responsible for the city's great architectural and artistic reputation.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/pergamum.html (561 words)

	Lydia Information - Online Prescription Medication Directory
		Croesus was beaten by Cyrus in 546 BC, and the kingdom became a satrapy of the Persian Empire.
		When Alexander's empire fell apart after his death, Lydia went to the major Asian diadoch dynasty, the Seleucids, and when it was unable to maintain its territory in Asia Minor, Lydia fell to the Attalid dynasty of Pergamum.
		When the Romans entered its capital Sardis in 133 BC, Lydia, as the other western parts of the Attalid legacy, became part of the province of Asia, a very rich Roman province, worthy of a governor of the high rank of proconsul.
	www.prescriptiondrug-info.com /drug_information_online.asp?title=Lydia (1661 words)

	Attalid dynasty at AllExperts
		The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.
		The later Attalids were descended from his father, and they expanded the city into a kingdom.
		The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC.
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/at/attalid_dynasty.htm (189 words)

	Pergamum - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It developed into a major power during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC under the Attalid dynasty.
		It became a province of Asia, and was soon eclipsed by Ephesus as the chief city of the region.
		Attalid Pergamum was a brilliant centre of Hellenistic civilization: its chief glories were its sculpture and its library, where parchment was developed in the 2nd century BC as a more durable material than papyrus for books.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O48-Pergamum.html (524 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		The Persian Achaemenid conquest: in 612 BC, the Medes, allied to Babylon, caused the fall of Niniveh which led to the end of the Assyrian hegemony.
		In the summer of 330, Alexander chased Darius III as far as Skirmish at the Caspian Gates, where he found him dead, assassinated by the usurper satrap Bessus whom he captured and executed later in 328.
		He is considered to be the first king of Pergamon and the founder of the Attalid dynasty (named after his grandfather Attalos of Tios).
	www.guide-martine.com /history4.asp (2283 words)

	ATTALID DYNASTY Articles The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenist
		The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis.
		On the interior of the Pergamon Altar is a separate frieze depicting the life of Telephos, son of Herakles, whom the ruling Attalid dynasty associated with their city and utilized to claim descendance from the Olympians.
		Pergamon, having entered the Greek world much later than their counterparts to the west, could not boast the same divine heritage as older city-states, and had to retroactively cultivate their place in Greek mythos.
	www.amazines.com /Attalid_dynasty_related.html (0 words)

	The Greeks - The Three Empires
		Greece and Macedonia fell to Antigonus, who founded the Antigonid dynasty of Greek kings; this dynasty would eventually control Asia Minor.
		Asia Minor original came under the control of Attalid dynasty, but was eventually subsumed under the Antigonids.
		Mesopotamia and the Middle East came under the control of Seleucus, who crowned himself Seleucus I and began the Seleucus dynasty (every king in this dynasty would be named Seleucus).
	www.ancient-empires.net /threempires.html (822 words)

	Civilization I: Lecture / Essay 12 (HIS 1113 Department of History & Political Science--SBU) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the Macedonian case a royal dynasty evidently took the lead in establishing a state under its domination.
		As a fifteen-year old relative of the ruling king of Macedonia, young Phillip was held as hostage by the Theban government to guarantee the Macedonians would keep their promises relative to Thessaly.
		For most of the rest of the third century neither the Ptolemies nor the Seleucids dared to arm the native populations of their kingdoms; hence they recruited all their troops from the Aegean states and from colonies of Aegean veterans living within their respective kingdoms.
	falcon.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/hi13le12.html (4562 words)

	Pergamon
		The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire.
		The Attalids, the descendants of Attalus, the father of Philetaerus who came to power in 282 BC, were among the most loyal supporters of Rome among the Hellenistic successor states.
		For support against the Seleucids, the Attalids were rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor.
	www.pastywhitegirl.com /search/Pergamon (565 words)

	Fondazione Memmo
		The territory surrounding the city was granted to the Greek settlers by the Persian emperors Darius I and his son Xerxes I. In the turbulent era following the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC), Pergamum became the capital of a flourishing Hellenistic kingdom and one of the principal centers of Hellenistic civilization.
		The original Attalid territory around Pergamum (Mysia) was greatly expanded by 188 BC with the addition of Lydia, part of Phrygia, Lycaonia, and Pisidia (from 183 BC), all former Seleucid territories.
		The early Attalids erected the first structures of the upper (royal) city, but the later kings Eumenes II and Attalus III, by their extensive building and rebuilding, were mainly responsible for the Pergamon's great architectural and artistic reputation.
	1stmuse.com /memmo/Pergamon.html (656 words)

	Seleucid Empire - Article about Seleucid Empire
		The peace was complemented by a "marriage alliance" (Epigamia in ancient sources), implying either a dynastic alliance (in which a Seleucid princess may have been bethrothed to the Maurya dynasty) or the recognition of marriage between Greeks and Indians.
		Aside from the secessions of Parthia and Bactria, Seleucus II was soon dramatically defeated in the Third Syrian War against Ptolemy III of Egypt, then had to fight a civil war against his own brother Antiochus Hierax.
		In Asia Minor too, the Seleucid dynasty seemed to be losing control -- Gauls had fully established themselves in Galatia, semi-independent semi-Hellenized kingdoms had sprung up in Bithynia, Pontus, and Cappadocia, and the city of Pergamum in the west was asserting its independence under the Attalid Dynasty.
	yawiki.org /proc/Seleucid_Empire (2146 words)

	Pergamum
		Pergamum was an ancient Greek city in Mysia located 27 km from the Aegean Sea on a lofty isolated hill on the northern side of the broad valley of the Caicus River.
		Pegamum existed at least from the 5th century BC, but it became important only in the Hellenistic Age (323-330 BC), when it served as the residence of the Attalid dynasty.
		Their fortress and palace stood on the peak of the hill, while the city itself occupied the lower slopes.
	www.ptr.co.nz /turkey/pergamum.htm (166 words)

	From Epiphanes to Epimanes by Tim Case
		The Attalid dynasty originally took Asia Minor but later was incorporated into the Antigonid Empire of Greece and Macedonia.
		The Seleucid dynasty was started by Seleucus I and comprised the area of Mesopotamia along with the Middle East.
		The reason for this continuing war was that none of these dynasties ever fully accepted the fact they weren’t the legitimate successor to all of Alexander’s empire.
	www.lewrockwell.com /case/case11.html (3801 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 133 BC, Attalus III bequeathed his kingdom to Rome, who made it the province of Asia.
		The Attalid kings had invested much of their wealth in Pergamum, making it a center for literature, the arts, and the sciences; their library rivaled Alexandria with 200,000 volumes (many written on parchment).
		The Attalid dynasty fortress and palace stood on the peak of the hill, while the town itself occupied the lower slopes.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?exact=1&terms=Pergamum (162 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		founder (reigned 282-263) of the Attalid dynasty, a line of rulers of a powerful kingdom of Pergamum, in northwest Asia Minor, in the 3rd and...
		king of Spain from 1700 (except for a brief period from January to August 1724) and founder of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain.
		Reigning at the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453), he had no means of imposing on his...
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/p/p23.html (0 words)

	Chronology of Ancient Anatolia and Asia Minor
		Tudhaliyas I founds a new dynasty that creates Hittite Empire.
		Selymbria on the Propontis coast was captured by Greeks.
		Gauls defeated by Seleucid Emperor Antiochus I. Rise of Pergamum kingdom under Attalid dynasty.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/chronology.htm (808 words)

	Fondazione Memmo
		This expansion was accomplished as the result of Eumenes II's alliance with Rome in its conflict with the Seleucid Antiochus III.
		The Attalids collected many works of art from Greece to decorate the city, added to the many works of sculpture, painting, and decoration commissioned from local artists.
		V., The Attalids of Pergamon (1947); Magie, David, Roman Rule in Asia Minor (1950); McShane, Roger B., The Foreign Policy of the Attalids of Pergamum (1964) --Louis L. Orlin,Grolier
	www.1stmuse.com /memmo/Pergamon.html (0 words)

	Historical Information
		Comneni dynasty found empire of Trebizond on the Black Sea Coast.
		Paleologus dynasty takes back Constantinople and restores Byzantine Empire.
		Selim I captures Cairo and took the title of Caliph from Mameluk dynasty.
	www.turkeytravel.org /history/choronology.html (736 words)

	Pergamon Summary
		The dramatic conflicts of the figures on the large frieze suggest the power and divinity inherent in nature, which Greeks saw as their gods.
		Pergamon continued to prosper, but Attalos III, the last ruler of the dynasty, had no heirs and at his death bequeathed his kingdom to Rome.
		Under Attalus I, they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II, against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War.
	www.bookrags.com /Pergamon (0 words)

	Hellenistic Greece: Alexander
		By 300 BC, all that was left of Alexander's empire were four smaller empires, each controlled by military generals who declared themselves kings.
		Egypt came under the control of Ptolemy, who crowned himself Ptolemy I and began the Ptolemid dynasty.
		The Ptolemids maintained Greek learning and culture, but adopted several Egyptian customs surrounding the kingship, such as inheritance through the maternal line (see the chapter on women in Egyptian history and culture).
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/GREECE/3EMPIRES.HTM (0 words)

	ANCIENT LION COIN RING GREEK
		This alarmed the Greeks and prompted them to seek the aid of the Romans, who conquered the Thracian Chersonese, which they gave to their ally Eumenes II of Pergamon in 188 BC.
		At the extinction of the Attalid dynasty in 133 BC it passed again to the Romans, who from 129 BC administered it in the Roman province of Asia.
		It was subsequently made a state-owned territory (ager publicus) and during the reign of the emperor Caesar Augustus it was imperial property.
	www.johnbmcnamara.com /pages2/crg001.htm (0 words)

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