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Topic: Attalus (general)

	Attalus (general) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 337 BC, Attalus' niece Cleopatra married king Philip II of Macedonia.
		In spring of 336 BC, Philip II appointed Attalus and Parmenion as commanders of the advance force that would invade the Persian Empire in Asia Minor.
		According to a story of Aristotle's - which was lengthened by Cleitarchus and Diodorus Siculus, Attalus sexually assaulted Pausanias of Orestis in retribution for besmirching the reputation of Attalus's friend (possibly relation), also named Pausanias, an event that led to the latter Pausanias's death.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Attalus_(general) (485 words)

	Attalus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Attalus, courtier and general of Philip II of Macedonia
		Attalus of Macedonia, general of Alexander the Great and Perdiccas
		Priscus Attalus, Roman senator who was proclaimed emperor twice by the Visigoths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Attalus (112 words)

	Alexander the Great
		Her father, Attalus, rose higher in the king's favour, and not a few of Alexander's friends were banished.
		The citizens generally were anxious to submit, but the exiles felt or feared themselves to be too deeply committed; and the answer took the form of a defiance, accompanied by a demand for the surrender of Antipater and Philotas.
		The philosopher who had extolled Alexander as the greatest of earthly generals and statesmen was first tortured and then hanged; and the conqueror went calmly on to subdue the regions between the Hindu-Kush and the right bank of the Indus, and to storm the impregnable rock of Aornus.
	www.1902-encyclopedia.com /A/ALE/alexander-the-great.html (5867 words)

	Attalus I
		The elder Attalus, was the son of a brother (also called Attalus) of Philetaerus, the founder of the Attalid dynasty, and Eumenes, the father of Eumenes I, Philetaerus' successor; he is mentioned, along with his uncles, as a benefactor of Delphi.
		Attalus' mother, Antiochis, was probably related to the Seleucid royal family (perhaps being the granddaughter of Seleucus I Nicator) with her marriage to Attalus' father likely arranged by Philetaerus to solidify his power.
		Attalus was the first to speak in the council, but during his address, he stopped talking and fell down, one side of his body having become paralyzed.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/AttalusI.html (2792 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		Attalus was succeeded by his son Eumenes II who would do not less than his father for his kingdom.
		Attalus III, was the son of Eumenes II and called Philometor ("mother-loving) because of his unusual close relationship to his mother Stratonice.
		Attalus III has inherited almost nothing from his father and uncle in the skills and capabilities of politics and military.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1603 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 3 - Chapter XXXI Part IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The generals, under a perfidious promise of safety, were sent on shipboard, and privately executed; while the favor of the eunuchs procured them a mild and secure exile at Milan and Constantinople.
		Their proposals were rejected with disdain; and the refusal was aggravated by the insulting clemency of Attalus, who condescended to promise, that, if Honorius would instantly resign the purple, he should be permitted to pass the remainder of his life in the peaceful exile of some remote island.
		In a large plain near Rimini, and in the presence of an innumerable multitude of Romans and Barbarians, the wretched Attalus was publicly despoiled of the diadem and purple; and those ensigns of royalty were sent by Alaric, as the pledge of peace and friendship, to the son of Theodosius.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanEmpire-3/chap19.html (3051 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Attalus had no natural heirs and feared his kingdom would fall into civil war or be invaded by enemies upon his death.
		In general, the wealthy and the Senate were in the optimate camp, while the common people supported the populares.
		Generations of senators, acting as provincial governors, had bled the provinces for every sheaf of wheat and ounce of gold.
	the-orb.net /textbooks/westciv/romanrevolution.html (9302 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.1, Entry 320, COUNCILS.: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The seventh general council, and second of Nice, was convoked by the empress Irene and Constantine her son.
		The eighth general council, the fourth of Constantinople, was convoked by Basil, the Macedonian.
		General councils, therefore, can not be brought together canonically, and proceed legally, without the concurrence of Christian princes who represent the nations over which they rule, and of the spiritual power.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy320.html (5220 words)

	NPNF (V2-02) (iii.xiv.viii) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attalus assembled the senators, and addressed them in a long and very elaborate discourse, in which he promised to restore the ancient customs of the senate, and also to bring Egypt and the other Eastern provinces under the sway of Italy.
		When it was announced that Attalus had reached Ariminum, with an army composed partly of Roman and partly of barbarian troops, Honorius wrote to him to acknowledge him as emperor, and deputed the highest officers of his 424court to wait upon him, and offer him a share in the empire.
		Attalus, however, refused to share power with another, and sent word that Honorius might choose an island or any spot of ground that he pleased for his private residence, and that he would be allowed every imperial service.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf202.iii.xiv.viii.html?bcb=0 (631 words)

	Zosimus, New History. London: Green and Chaplin (1814). Book 6.
		Alaric prudently advised Attalus to send a competent force into 176 Africa and to Carthage, in order to depose Heraclianus from his dignity, lest he, who was attached to Honorius, should obstruct their designs.
		Attalus being enraged, and having employed other 177 persons to superintend the execution of his orders, others were sent into Africa with money, to assist in the present exigencies there.
		But although he reduced Attalus to the condition of a private individual before all the people, he kept him and his son Ampelius at his own house, until he had made peace with Honorius, when he procured their pardon.
	www.tertullian.org /fathers/zosimus06_book6.htm (2980 words)

	Zosimus
		He had left behind the general Gerontius together with his Gallic soldiers to guard the road between France and Spain, even though the soldiers in Spain had begged that this duty be entrusted, according to custom, to them and that the safekeeping of the region not be entrusted to foreigners.
		Alaric had advised Attalus, correctly, to send a good-sized force to Africa and Carthage for the purpose of dissolving Heraclianus’ rule, lest some impediment to his undertakings come from that quarter (Heraclianus was a partisan of Honorius).
		But Attalus did not heed this admonition, instilled as he was with hopes raised by seers that he would become master of Carthage, indeed, of all Africa, without a struggle.
	www.vortigernstudies.org.uk /artsou/zosimtex.htm (2664 words)

	NPNF (V2-02) (iv.ii) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attalus, made king by Alaric, 423; acts haughtily toward Honorius, 424; abdicates and leaves Rome, 424; baptized by Sigesarius, bishop of the Goths, 424.
		Flavian, presbyter, afterwards bishop of Antioch, 362, 382, 398; appeases wrath of Theodosius, 393: dispute with bishop of Rome, 400; succeeded by Porphyry, 415.
		Gaïnas, a Goth, attempts to seize the throne, 401; lays aside pretensions and is made general, 401; espouses Arian cause, is foiled by Chrysostom, 401; attempts to cross to Asia and perishes, 402.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf202.iv.ii.html (3315 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Western Roman Emperors from 407-425
		Maximus was the son (or possibly a retainer) of Gerontius, a general of Constantine III in Spain in 409.
		Attalus was prominent in the Senate in the early fifth century and remained a pagan.
		Attalus represented the interests of many of the senatorial aristocrats, interests which differed from those of the emperor Honorius in Ravenna.
	www.roman-emperors.org /westemp5.htm (2391 words)

	[No title]
		Attalus, the general in question, also happened to be his father's brother-in-law.
		Attempting to save himself, Attalus gave all of the correspondence between himself and Athens to Alexander and pledged allegiance to the king, yet his insults and status were much too great for Alexander to bear.
		Parmenion was the general who had supported his father's marriage to Cleopatra, conspired with the Athenians to unseat him, and who was much too powerful for AlexanderÕs comfort in his military and politically.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/classics/courses/2003spring/hi361f/domozych.doc (5734 words)

	Livy's History of Rome
		Owing to the perpetual wars which had for so many generations drained the manhood of Macedonia there was a serious lack of men of military age, and under Philip's own rule vast numbers had perished in the naval battles against the Rhodians and Attalus and in the campaigns against the Romans.
		The Roman general was still in camp at Thetideum; he sent out, however, ten squadrons of cavalry and a thousand velites to reconnoitre and warned them to be on their guard against an ambuscade, which owing to the darkened daylight might not be detected even in open country.
		When it became generally known that he was not to be found, the crowd surged into the forum demanding the appearance of their foremost citizen.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /txt/ah/Livy/Livy33.html (16571 words)

	Royalty.nu - Alexander the Great, King of Macedon
		Attalus threw his own goblet back and a general brawl ensued, during which Alexander and his father snarled at each other.
		Although the general had no part in the conspiracy, he was executed along with his son, which did not please Alexander's soldiers.
		Wives, distant relatives, and generals vied for the loyalty of the Macedonian army.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Balkan/Alexander.html (3756 words)

	Livy's History of Rome
		It was generally supposed in both camps that they would fight in the order in which they had been standing, and that the main battle would be between the Romans and Carthaginians in the centre, the principals in the war and fairly matched in courage and in arms.
		In the general turmoil they imagined that they would be able to levy contributions on the allies of Rome and plunder the cities round them, and when crime and outrage were being committed everywhere, what they had done would not be noticed in the universal confusion.
		Their generals had acted wisely and properly and in accordance with the wishes of the senate in restoring Saguntum and rescuing its citizens from slavery, and all other acts of kindness which they had performed were such as the senate wished to have done.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /txt/ah/Livy/Livy28.html (21994 words)

	Eutropius: Abridgement of Roman History, Book 4
		The general of the Romans, the consul Publius Licinius, was defeated by Perseus in a severe engagement; yet the Romans, although vanquished, refused peace to the king when he solicited it, except on condition that he should surrender himself and his people to the senate and the people of Rome.
		At that time, Scipio, the grandson of Scipio Africanus, served in the army in the capacity of tribune, for whom great fear and respect was felt by all; for he was regarded as eminently brave and skilful in the field.
		A war in the meantime was kindled in Asia by Aristonicus, the son of Eumenes by a concubine: this Eumenes was the brother of Attalus.
	www.forumromanum.org /literature/eutropius/trans4.html (2527 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 125 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Son of Phi-lotas, a distinguished Macedonian general in the service of Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great.
		Notwithstanding the prominent place that he holds in history we know nothing either of his family and origin, or of the services by which he had attained the high reputation of which we find him possessed when his name first appears.
		Thus", at the three great battles of the Granicus, Issus and Arbela, while the king in person commanded the right wing of the army, Parmenion was placed at the head of the left, and contributed essentially to the victory on all those memorable occasions.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/2459.html (605 words)

	197 B.C. - events and references
		Attalus destroys Gergitha in the Troad and resettles its inhabitants.
		Attalus appoints Ctesiphon of Athens to be a judge in Aeolis.
		General comments on the course of the Second Macedonian War, and the role of the various Greek states during the war.
	www.attalus.org /bc2/year197.html (377 words)

	Pergamum and Troy, Turkey - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Eumenes' cousin and successor, Attalus I Soter, who reigned from 241 to 197 BC, became master of northwestern Asia Minor through his victories over the Gauls and the Seleucid king Antiochus III, the Great, and allying himself with the power of Rome.
		To his reign belong the altar of Zeus and the development of the library, founded by his father, where a group of scholars established a school of grammatical study in opposition to the scholars of the Alexandrian library.
		The prosperity and power of Pergamum continued under Attalus II Philadelphus, who reigned from about 160 to 138 BC, and Attalus III Philometor, who reigned from 138 to 133 BC; the last-named ruler, having no heirs, bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /pergamum_turkey.htm (887 words)

	pothos.org - All about Alexander the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attalus was related to Parmenion via a marriage either between himself and one of Parmenion’s daughters, or between a relative (Attalos?) and Parmenion’s daughter.
		Attalus was later convicted of conspiring in the assassination/murder; Parmenion was also suspect but "acquitted" himself by turning Attalus over to be executed, thus "proving" his loyalty.
		Attalus, who was in Asia Minor with Parmenion, was found guilty of conspiracy and condemned, but was murdered before he could be executed.
	pothos.org /alexander.asp?paraID=53&keyword_id=14&...+or+Assassination (3498 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. II
		Stilicho, the general of the troops of Honorius, was suspected of having conspired to proclaim his son Eucherius emperor of the East, and was, in consequence, slain by the army at Ravenna.
		When it was announced that Attalus had reached Ariminum, with an army composed partly of Roman and partly of barbarian troops, Honorius wrote to him to acknowledge him as emperor, and deputed the highest officers of his court to wait upon him, and offer him a share in the empire.
		After Constantius, who was a brave and able general, had destroyed the tyrant Constantine, the emperor rewarded him by giving him his sister in marriage; he also bestowed upon him the ermine and purple, and admitted him to a share in the government.
	www.bible.ca /history/fathers/NPNF2-02/Npnf2-02-27.htm (6240 words)

	Philotas, son of Parmenion - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Alexander became king of Macedon in October 336, but he was not the only candidate for the throne and he was surrounded by men who might be hostile to his taking the reins of power.
		One of his enemies, Attalus, was put to death by Parmenion, the most important general of Alexander's father Philip.
		Alexander owed something to the old general and was forced to do something in return, especially since Parmenion commanded a big army, the vanguard of an expeditionary that the Macedonians had sent against the Achaemenid empire.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Philotas (1248 words)

	Rome - Vol III, Chapter XXXI, Part 4
		Instigated by the praefect Jovius, the guards rose in furious mutiny, and demanded the heads of two generals, and of the two principal eunuchs.
		The resentment of the Gothic king was exasperated by the malicious arts of Jovius, who had been raised to the rank of patrician, and who afterwards excused his double perfidy, by declaring, without a blush, that he had only seemed to abandon the service of Honorius, more effectually to ruin the cause of the usurper.
		The writers, the best disposed to exaggerate their clemency, have freely confessed, that a cruel slaughter was made of the Romans; 101 and that the streets of the city were filled with dead bodies, which remained without burial during the general consternation.
	www.cca.org /cm/rome/vol3/ch3104.html (3038 words)

	The Court at Pella and Philip's Death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attalus, now was the girl's uncle, and being in his cups, he called upon the Macedonians to ask of the gods that from Philip and Cleopatra there might be born a legitimate successor to the kingdom.
		When Philip directed his attending friends to precede him into the theatre, while the guards kept their distance, he saw that the king was left alone, rushed at him, pierced him through his ribs, and stretched him out dead; then ran for the gates and the horses which he had prepared for flight.
		For immediately, during the celebration of the wedding itself, Attalus remarked, "But now, I warn you, princes will be born who will be legitimate, and not bastards." Alexander, on hearing that, threw the e goblet which he held in his hand at Attalus, and he retaliated upon Alexander with his own cup.
	luna.cas.usf.edu /~murray/classes/aa/source07.htm (2895 words)

	Pergamon, Bergama, Turkey
		The General revolted against the rule of Thrace, and when news came of the death of Lysimachus in 232 BCE, Philetaerus used the 9,000 talents to set up his own kingdom, calling it the Attalid Kingdom (named after the nephew of Philetaerus).
		The now decimated altar of Zeus to commemorate the victory of Attalus I was built in his reign, as well as the 200,000 volume library, which rivaled Alexandria.
		Intending apparently to bequeath all the “movable assets” of his lands to the Romans, they generously interpreted the gesture as a complete inheritance of his throne and lands totaling some 66,750 square miles.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /Tours/Interest/Biblicals/pergamon.htm (852 words)

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