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Topic: Attalus III of Pergamum

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	Pergamum - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		PERGAMUM [Pergamum], ancient city of NW Asia Minor, in Mysia (modern Turkey), in the fertile valley of the Caicus.
		Under Rome, Pergamum was reconstituted as the province of Asia, and Ephesus rapidly eclipsed Pergamum as the chief city of Asia Minor.
		Pergamum accepted Christianity early; it was one of the Seven Churches of Asia (Rev.1.11; 2.12).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-pergamum.html (396 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		Pergamum Kingdom was built on the ashes of the Hellenistic Kingdoms in Asia Minor.
		Attalus III, was the son of Eumenes II and called Philometor ("mother-loving) because of his unusual close relationship to his mother Stratonice.
		Attalus III has inherited almost nothing from his father and uncle in the skills and capabilities of politics and military.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1603 words)

	Pergamum's Treasury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pergamum was the Hellenistic capital of a western Asia Minor kingdom that had become one of Rome's allies in the late third century.
		Attalus III had just died without heirs and he willed his kingdom to the Roman people: such a will was a diplomatic guarantee against assassination in the case of a king without suitable heirs.
		In 133 B.C. Attalus died and the news of the inheritance reached Rome just as the Senate was thwarting Tiberius' reform by refusing to grant suitable funding of the land commission board.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /westcivi/the_pergamum_royal_treasury.htm (363 words)

	Pergamum - Kusadasi Guide - Historical Places
		King Attalus III bequeathed the territory to the Romans who made the city rich in art and culture poor in politics and economy.
		Pergamum had the fame to be the first city who showed reaction to the functional urbanism of Hippodamus as they preferred ornamental urbanism.
		Heroon in Pergamum was the shrine in which the kings especially Attalus I and Eumenes II were worshipped.
	www.kusadasi.net /historical/pergamum.htm (409 words)

	Attalid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Attalid dynasty was a Greek dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamum after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.
		Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC, following his victories over the Gauls.
		The Attalids ruled Pergamum until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Attalid (111 words)

	Pergamon - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pergamon or Pergamum (modern day Bergama in Turkey) was a Greek city, in northwestern Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea, located on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern day Bakir), that became an important kingdom during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 282–129 BC.
		The Attalids, the descendants of Attalus, the father of Philetaerus who came to power in 282 BC, were among the most loyal supporters of Rome among the Hellenistic successor states.
		When Attalus III died without an heir in 133 BC he bequeathed Pergamum to Rome, in order to prevent a civil war.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pergamos (447 words)

	Index of names: Pe
		220/46 The birth of Attalus, the son of Attalus of Pergamum.
		138/11 OGI_329, a decree of Aegina in honour of Cleon of Pergamum.
		138/17 The death of Attalus II of Pergamum, and accession of Attalus III.
	www.attalus.org /names/pe.html (1778 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Eumenes I succeeded Philetaerus as ruler of Pergamum.
		Attalus I of Pergamum allied with Rome against Philip V. Revolt of Upper Egypt.
		Attalus III of Pergamum bequeathed his kingdom to Rome on his death.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=gre009 (3385 words)

	Geopolitcs of Pergamum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The term Ionia refers strictly to the central part of the west coast of ancient ANATOLIA where Ionic Greek was spoken, although the term is sometimes applied to the entire west coast.
		When one of them, Attalus III of Pergamum, died in 133 BC, he bequeathed his kingdom to Rome.
		Pergamum became the province of Asia and the Ionians Roman subjects.
	1stmuse.com /Pergamon/geopolitics.html (412 words)

	The Hellenistice World (323 - 30 B.C.)
		Pergamum had great resources in silver, agriculture, and stock breeding but had not come to marked prominence.
		The revolution spread; everywhere there was demand for "division of land and cancellation of debts." Cleomenes, however, was stopped by Aratus, an adamant opponent of his reforms, the Macedonians were called in, and at Sellasia, in the summer of 222, the Spartans were beaten and Cleomenes forced into exile, where he died.
		He repelled Antiochus III at Raphia with Egyptian soldiers, and his reign was marked by the power of native Egyptians and of Nubian rulers in the south.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/hellenistic.html (4418 words)

	Tolerating the Intolerable
		The ancient city of Pergamum was built on a huge conical hill in the fertile Caicus river valley.
		Pergamum was not a great commercial city (unlike Ephesus and Smyrna), but rather was noted for being a center of art, culture and learning.
		In Pergamum you are, and in Pergamum you must stay.
	www.zianet.com /maxey/reflx179.htm (5540 words)

	Attalus III
		Attalus III was the last Attalid king of Pergamon, ruling from 138 BC to 133 BC.
		Attalus III had little interest in ruling Pergamon, devoting his time to studying medicine, botany, gardening, and other pursuits.
		The revolt was put down in 129 BC, and Pergamon was divided among Rome, Pontus, and Cappadocia.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/AttalusIII.html (201 words)

	Ephesus
		Attalus III of Pergamum bequeathed Ephesus with the rest of his possessions to the Roman people (133 BC).
		Their claim, preserved on an extant inscription, that in admitting Mithradates they had merely yielded to superior force was rudely brushed aside by Sulla, who inflicted a very heavy fine.
		Although it twice chose the losing side in the Roman civil wars and although it was stoutly opposed by Pergamum and Smyrna, Ephesus became under Augustus the first city of the Roman province of Asia.
	www.realtime.net /~wdoud/topics/ephesus.html (1831 words)

	133 B.C. - events and references
		It is not clear which king Attalus this was.
		~OCD_n; according to the "life of Nicander", he lived during the reign of Attalus III, though the lives of Aratus places him slightly earlier, in the reign of Ptolemaeus V. Attalus III is a keen gardener.
		Death of Attalus III of Pergamum, who bequeaths his kingdom to Rome.
	www.attalus.org /bc2/year133.html (378 words)

	Sunday, October 12, 1997, Jesus Speaks To His Churches
		Pergamum (also, Pergamos) was the epitome of the hunger for power in pagan society.
		When Attalus III of Pergamum died in 133 B.C., he bequeathed the city to the Romans, and they made it their political capital in Asia.
		The city was conquered by the Roman general Scipio Africanus, who defeated Antiochus III at Magnesia in 190 B.C. In 133 B.C. it became a Roman possession along with Pergamum.
	www.trbc.org /sermons/971012.html (3480 words)

	The Capital of Asia - Ephesus
		In 133 B.C. Attalus III of Pergamum bequeathed to the Romans his kingdom which included Ephesus.
		The town flourished during the Roman rule to the point that it replaced Pergamum as the residence of the proconsul in charge of the province of Asia, as the Romans called the Aegean coast of Turkey.
		The first ancient monument visitors see when they approach (by foot) the archaeological site of Ephesus is the arch which was the main entrance of a stadium built during the reign of Emperor Nero.
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Efeso.html (996 words)

	Ancient Roman History Timeline III
		Along with the philosopher Blossius, who had tutored and supported Tiberius Gracchus, and had fled to Pergamum after Tiberius' death, Aristonicus sought to establish an idealistic utopian kingdom which he called the City of the Sun, with its inhabitants whom he called Heliopolitae, followers of the sun god Helios.
		After Smyrna one comes to Leucae, a small town, which after the death of Attalus Philometor was caused to revolt by Aristonicus, who was reputed to belong to the royal family and intended to usurp the kingdom.
		Now he was banished from Smyrna, after being defeated in a naval battle near the Cymaean territory by the Ephesians, but he went up into the interior and quickly assembled a large number of resourceless people, and also of slaves, invited with a promise of freedom, whom he called Heliopolitae.
	www.exovedate.com /ancient_timeline_three.html (1309 words)

	CARIA
		Rhodes acquired a considerable portion of southwestern Asia Minor, and the pretensions of Attalus I of Pergamum extended south to Caria.
		The Lycians opposed it from the beginning; later the Carians led an unsuccessful revolt, which was followed in the same year (167 B.C.) by a decree of the Roman Senate declaring Caria and Lycia free.
		Freedom lasted till 133 B.C., when Attalus III of Pergamum bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans, and a certain Aristonicus tried to secure the kingdom for himself.
	www.binlik.com /caria3.htm (1373 words)

	Ancient Rome - MSN Encarta
		Support of the Greek cities soon drew Rome into conflict with the region’s most powerful king, Antiochus III, whose empire stretched from Asia Minor across Mesopotamia and Iran to India.
		When Roman ambassadors asked Antiochus to assure the freedom of Greek cities of the Asian coast, he ironically asked about the “freedom” of the cities of Italy under Roman control.
		At least one king learned the lesson: Attalus III of Pergamum chose to spare his subjects unnecessary pain by bequeathing his entire kingdom to the Roman people when he died in 133 bc.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552589_5/Ancient_Rome.html (1799 words)

	Background of the Cities
		Pergamum was built on a huge conical hill in the fertile Caicus river valley.
		In 29 B.C. Pergamum erected a temple to "Roma and Augustus." This was a leading center of emperor worship from then on.
		Implied in Rev. 3:4 is the fact that some in the congregation may have stained their garments by engaging in immorality.
	www.zianet.com /maxey/Asia2.htm (3441 words)

	TIBERIUS SEMPRONIUS GRACCHUS ::: GENS SEMPRONIA
		The Senate put every obstacle in the way of the three commissioners appointed to carry out the provisions of the law, and Tiberius, in view of the bitter enmity he had aroused, saw that it was necessary to strengthen his hold on the popular favor.
		The legacy to the Roman people of the kingdom and treasures of Attalus III.
		He proposed that the money realized by the sale of the treasures should be divided, for the purchase of implements and stock, amongst those to whom assignments of land had been made under the new law.
	www.villaivlilla.com /GensSempronia/ti-gracchus.htm (659 words)

	Late Roman Republic - History of the Roman Empire
		In the east, King Attalus III of Pergamum died in 133 BC, without heirs.
		Long maintaining friendship status with Rome, the entire nation of Pergamum, including Lydia, Pisidia, Lycaonia, and Pamphylia was willed to Rome upon his death.
		Pergamum itself would become one of the most prosperous and famous cities in Asia Minor, noted for its architectural monuments, its fine library, and its schools.
	www.unrv.com /empire/late-roman-republic.php (891 words)

	History of the Roman Empire - FileFront Gaming Forums
		His only demand was that Pergamum and other Greek cities of his kingdom should not have to pay tribute to Rome.
		Inevitably a pretender appeared, challenging Rome's entitlement to the throne of Pergamum, giving some trouble for a year or two, but the Roman claim to Pergamum was established without any serious difficulty.
		The brief emergence and demise of each of the brothers Gracchus (Tiberius in 133 BC, Gaius in 120 BC) onto the scene of Roman politics should send shock waves through the entire structure of the Roman state of such magnitude that their effects would be felt for generations.
	forums.filefront.com /showthread.php?t=163819 (20652 words)

	boys clothes : 2nd century BC
		King Antochus III is defeated at Magnesia (190 BC).
		King Attalus III of Pergamum dies and bequated his client kingdom to Rome (133 BC).
		King Attalus III of Pergamum dies and bequeathed his client kingdom to Rome (133 BC).
	histclo.com /chron/bc100.html (1470 words)

	Roman Civilization - Week 5, Monday Lecture
		133 - King Attalus III of Pergamum dies; Rome defeats native Spanish opposition to Roman rule
		Pergamum; Theater of Asclepius; temple (rebuilt/restored); Altar (Berlin)
		Map of Aegean (Pergamum); modern Epirus; Map of Illyricum, Macedon
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv04/lectures/5.mon.lec.html (166 words)

	Attalus III - MSN Encarta
		Attalus III (?-133 bc), the last of three rulers of Pergamum who bore the name Attalus.
		Atallus III reigned from 138 to 133 bc.
		Become a subscriber today and gain access to:
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761586260/Attalus_III.html (42 words)

	Gaius Gracchus
		Damaging both the prestige of the Optimate party and its potential for revenue through the court system, and giving more power to the Equestrians, he then looked to implement direct policies aiding the lower classes.
		The taxation of Asia Minor, which had recently become a province through the will of King Attalus III of Pergamum, was then completely overhauled to cause further economic damage to the Senate.
		Equestrians were awarded the right to contract for the collecting of the enormous taxes due from there, rather than Patrician agents.
	www.unrv.com /empire/gaius-gracchus.php (1094 words)

	A timeline of the Roman empire
		189 BC : Antiochus III, king of the Seleucids, is defeated at the battle of Magnesia and surrenders his possessions in Europe and Asia Minor
		133 BC : Attalus III of Pergamum wills his kingdom to Roma and the whole Mediterranean Sea is under Roman control ("mare nostrum")
		: Charlemagne, king of the Franks, is crowned emperor by Pope Leo III and founds the Holy Roman Empire
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/romans.html (2247 words)

	Philadelphia (Alasehir), Turkey
		Philadelphia was founded in 189 BC by King Eumenes II of Pergamum (197-160 BC), who named the city for the love of his brother who would be his successor, Attalus II (159-138 BC).
		Lacking an heir, Pergamum King Attalus III Philometer bequeathed his kingdom, including Philadelphia, to his Roman allies when he died in 133 BC.
		Rome set up the province of Asia in 129 BC by combining Ionia and the former Kingdom of Pergamum.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /turkey/philadelphia.htm (395 words)

	Atak Tours & Travel
		c.1450-1200 Hittite Empire and the earliest-known peace treaty signed by Hattousil III and Ramses II in Kadesh in 1276 BC c.1260 Fall of Troy to Achians
		261-241 Reign of Eumenes I, Attalos I and rise of Pergamum; Pergamum becomes the
		133 Death of Attalus III of Pergamum; Rome inherits his kingdom
	www.ataktravel.com /why.asp?pageID=47 (826 words)

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