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Topic: Attractiveness

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	Monitor on Psychology - Both sexes seek attractiveness in one-night stand partners
		In the first two, 394 heterosexual undergraduates designed their ideal short-term mate using "mate budgets" in which participants had varying amounts of "mate dollars" to assign to different characteristics, effectively forcing participants to rank the degree to which they seek characteristics such as "kindness," "physical attractiveness" and "social status" in a short-term mate.
		Although men and women are similarly motivated in choosing short-term sexual relationship partners, they differ in their willingness to actually engage in such relationships, the findings indicate.
		The five studies, Li suggests, add to a growing body of research on gender similarities and differences in mate choices, as well as what people seek in mates for different levels of involvement, whether they are willing to consider such involvements and why those variations may exist.
	www.apa.org /monitor/apr06/attractiveness.html (450 words)

	Sexual attraction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Certain aspects of what is sexually attractive is universal agreed upon across the human species, or nearly universal among particular cultures or regions, while other factors are determined more locally, among sub-cultures, or simply to the preferences of the individual, which may come about as a result of a variety of genetic and psychological factors.
		Conversely, the shape of the buttocks of an attractive person (male or female) tends to resemble the shape of a cardioid, which is the inverse transform of a parabola.
		Males sometimes demonstrate attractiveness by demonstrating their levels of the hormone testosterone by growing larger and well-defined muscles through exercise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sexual_attraction (1562 words)

	biology - Physical attractiveness
		In the perception of male attractiveness by the female amongst humans, the single most important aspect determining physical attractiveness across cultures is the height of the male.
		Male physiques which are not accepted as attractive by large sectors of society are - fat (often perceived as a sign that the man is either lazy or greedy) and overly slim bodies (seen as indicative of the man not engaging in sports or exercise).
		In nineteenth-century Germany, it was considered attractive to be fat (again as a symbol of wealth), whilst young men often participated in duels simply in order to gain facial scars, which were viewed as symbols of masculinity.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Physical_attractiveness (2378 words)

	Journal of Sex Research: Mating strategies of young women: role of physical attractiveness
		The paramount importance of attractiveness in males' mate choices has been recently demonstrated by using the distinction between necessities (i.e., essential needs, such as food and shelter) and luxuries (i.e., objects that are sought after essential needs have been satisfied, such as a yacht or expensive car) made by economists.
		Because attractiveness signals attributes that are crucial for reproductive success, attractive people are pursued by many as potential mates, inculcating and reinforcing their beliefs about their greater desirability compared to unattractive people.
		Attractive females, compared to unattractive females, would be pursued by a greater number of males and thus have greater opportunity for courtship with different males.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2372/is_1_41/ai_114593248/pg_1 (1257 words)

	Langlois Social Development Lab - How and when do attractiveness stereotypes develop? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We observed mothers interacting with their firstborn babies and found that mothers are more affectionate toward and play more with attractive infants (as rated by college students) compared with mothers of less attractive infants.
		Attractive children are liked more, are perceived as being smarter, and are rated higher on sharing and friendliness and lower on meanness and hitting than less attractive children.
		When children are paired with another child of the same level of attractiveness, they tend to show more affiliative behaviors than children paired with a peer of a different level of attractiveness.
	homepage.psy.utexas.edu /homepage/group/LangloisLAB/research/paanddev.html (746 words)

	Journal of Advertising: match-up hypothesis: Physical attractiveness, expertise, and the role of fit on brand attitude, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of physical attractiveness and expertise as relevant match-up factors and the role of endorser/product fit in these effects.
		Given that attractive people are imbued with a host of other positive traits, it is natural that advertisers would wish to associate their products with attractive individuals.
		While Kahle and Homer (1985) did find that the use of an attractive celebrity led to a more favorable attitude toward the endorsed brand, their test of the match-up hypothesis was incomplete in that they did not demonstrate that an attractive celebrity is less effective when endorsing a product not used to enhance one's attractiveness.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3694/is_200010/ai_n8918473 (1363 words)

	Ronald Henss: Selected Publications
		The question of amount of consensus in judgments of attractiveness is addressed by analyses of public beauty contests and a brief meta analysis of the attractiveness research literature.
		The target persons, who were of average attractiveness as determined by a pre-test, were estimated taller when the context person were less attractive, as opposed to more attractive context persons.
		Both experiments yielded two kinds of ingroup-favoritism: The relationship between age and attractiveness was seen to be less negative (a) when the judges and the judged were of the same sex, and (b) when the subjects themselves belonged to the oldest age group.
	www.uni-saarland.de /fak5/ronald/Publicat/Publicat.htm (2293 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| The effects of physical attractiveness on job-related outcomes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Thus, Jackson (1992) contended that it may be unjustified and misleading to conclude that men and women of similar attractiveness are similarly perceived and judged, and suggested that attractiveness might have different effects for men and women when sex-typed traits are relevant to judgments.
		They argued that exposure to multiple individuals of differing levels of attractiveness in within-subjects studies probably induces a perceptual contrast effect in which attractive individuals are seen as more attractive and unattractive ones as less attractive than they would be otherwise; that is, perceptual contrast effects lead to more extreme attractiveness-based judgments.
		Our meta-analysis showed that the effect of attractiveness may be especially pronounced in research calling for evaluators to sequentially observe and evaluate several individuals who differ in terms of attractiveness (e.g., as is true of research using within- subjects designs).
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=16753 (5642 words)

	Eddy Elmer's Diary: Double standard on physical attractiveness
		Physically attractive people seem also to be more more satisfied with their lives and consider themselves happier than do their less attractive counterparts (most likely because physical attractiveness gives them the kinds of benefits that lead to social and vocational success).
		Attractive people are also unsure of whether others like them for their looks or for their inner qualities.
		In other words, their desire for physical attractiveness is given "free reign"—the same kind of free reign that heterosexual men would have if they were not constrained by the biologically-based need and urge to procreate.
	www.eddyelmer.com /diary/2003_Oct_31_diary.htm (7180 words)

	Saint Anselm Psychology Department Senior Theses
		The results of this study indicated that there is a universal definition of attractiveness since all participants in each of the 3 presentation conditions were able to agree on which photographs and voices were attractive versus unattractive.
		The results of the present study did support the first hypothesis: higher rated attractive candidates were attributed with higher ratings of power, warmth, honesty, competence, and leadership ability, whereas less attractive candidates were attributed with lower ratings of power, warmth, honesty, competence, and leadership ability.
		Along with physical and vocal attractiveness, participants were also able to agree on the levels of personal characteristics attributed to the attractive and unattractive congressmen.
	www.anselm.edu /internet/psych/theses/2005/burke/webpage.html (3863 words)

	Untitled Document
		H1: Participants who are exposed to couples that match in attractiveness, will demonstrate greater belief in the need to match their romantic partner in attractiveness compared to participants who are exposed to couples that do not match in attractiveness.
		First, a pretest for attractiveness was conducted, generating the five most attractive males, five most attractive females, five least attractive males, and five least attractive females, from a pool of 200 combinations of faces (male and female).
		Subjects who perceived the males as more attractive than the females were more likely to believe that couples should match in attractiveness, that matching in attractiveness was important for couples to be happy and stable, and that they could date someone who was more attractive than themselves.
	www.psu.edu /dept/medialab/research/Nadine.htm (608 words)

	Facial Attractiveness and the Attractiveness Halo - Physical Attractiveness in Context
		The general topic of attractiveness is important to members of virtually every culture, especially to the young who seek romantic partners and to those who seek to extend their influence in society through contact with others.
		Attractiveness is significant to each individual and to most people whom the person meets, and the effects of attractiveness could extend to virtually every other impression a person makes.
		They examine the attractiveness halo in regard to dating and mate selection; persuasion in politics, advertizing, and employment; effects on judges and jurors in criminal proceedings; the influence on teachers and students; and its role in parenting.
	face-and-emotion.com /dataface/facets/attractiveness.jsp (1906 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Direct selection on male attractiveness and female preference fails to produce a response
		Male attractiveness is negatively genetically correlated with the survival of juveniles and adult males [24], although we found that adult survival did not differ significantly between the selection treatments.
		Female guppies are thought to benefit from mating with attractive males because attractiveness itself is highly heritable and thus choosy females' sons are more likely to be attractive than are the sons of indiscriminate females [24].
		A female's "preference for attractive males" indicates the extent to which a female's choices are consistent with those of her peers [23].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/4/1 (6902 words)

	Interpersonal Attraction
		When the crime was related to her attractiveness (a swindle in which the defendant induced a middle-aged bachelor to invest some money in a non-existent corporation) the sentences were much harsher for the physically attractive defendant.
		The subjects who thought they were talking with an attractive partner rated her as more poised, humorous, and socially adept than did those who thought they were talking with a less attractive woman.
		Since the male partner thought he was talking to an attractive woman, he spoke to her in a way that brought out her best and most sparkling qualities.
	www.nd.edu /~rwilliam/xsoc530/attraction.html (2649 words)

	European Attractiveness Survey
		While China maintains a strong image rating, its attractiveness varies according to the size of the company questioned: multinationals are less interested (38% in 2006 against 58% in 2005) while SMEs maintain a strong interest (46% in 2006).
		India is placed fourth in the ranking of the most attractive countries in 2006, with 15% of responses; however a full 23 points separate it from the top ranking duo if the US and China.
		They also believe that its attractiveness could be achieved through an increased level of exposure to Europe’s economic issues in mainstream education programmes (36%) and a focus on sustainable development in European policy (30%).
	www.ey.com /global/content.nsf/Ireland/Press_Release_2006_-_European_Attractiveness (860 words)

	France’s attractiveness policy - Ministère des Affaires étrangères
		Ensuring that our country is economically attractive is “a major challenge in today’s global economy”.
		France’s attractiveness policy is instrumental in improving the perception of France abroad in order to promote the establishment of economic, scientific and cultural activities.
		The objective is to propose measures to improve the legal and tax framework to attract business and talent to France, to reveal the good practices implemented by the club’s members in order to make the government and civil society aware of them.
	www.diplomatie.gouv.fr /en/france-priorities_1/attractiveness-policy_3255/index.html (691 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Results By running independent samples t-tests for the male and female dyads on similarity in overall mean attractiveness, facial attractiveness, and bodily attractiveness we were able to determine the mean numbers for all.
		For the overall mean of attractiveness similarity, F = 2.037, p =.157; for mean facial attractiveness similarity, F = 2.150, p =.147; and for mean bodily attractiveness similarity, F = 1.182, p =.280.
		Similarity of Facial and Body Attractiveness in Same Sex Dyads Physical attractiveness is a factor in an individual’s choice to interact or have a relationship with another person.
	academic.uofs.edu /faculty/cannon/methods02/OBSPAPLAB2.doc (1560 words)

	Berscheid & Walster: Physical Attractiveness
		The authors feel that research into physical attractiveness has been lacking because sociilogists have disregarded is as an important variable or have been uneasy in exploring the deterministic consequences of beauty.
		Physically attractive dates were preferred by everyone, though people of less attractiveness tended to choose less attractive dates than highly attractive individuals.
		Interestingly, while physical attractiveness appears to be the biggest correlator and predictor, it rarely appears as most important when directly asked of subjects.
	faculty.babson.edu /krollag/org_site/soc_psych/berscheid_attract.html (873 words)

	An Evolutionary Theory of Female Physical Attractiveness - Psi Chi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Physically attractive women are admired and handsomely paid to be models, glamorized as movie actresses, and blamed for being greatly responsible for widespread body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in young women.
		The attractiveness of the body, in spite of clear age-related change (e.g., prepubertal, postpubertal, and menopausal) is solely defined by body weight; skinny women are more attractive than normal weight women, who in turn are more attractive than overweight women.
		To demonstrate that the female body shape is judged attractive due to its reliable link that men would have sought out in ancestral populations, it is essential to establish that this shape has a plausible linkage to physiological mechanisms regulating reproductive capability and good health.
	www.psichi.org /pubs/articles/article_548.asp (3486 words)

	Effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness Testosterone
		Enhancing the sexual dimorphism of human faces should raise attractiveness by enhancing sex-hormone-related cues to youth and fertility in females, and to dominance and immunocompetence in males.
		Thus, an attractive female face should look unmistakably female, which means it has been shaped by sufficient stores of estrogen, the principal hormone of female fertility.
		Female faces were rated as most attractive when they were about 20 percent more feminized than the female norm, while male faces were judged most appealing when they were about 15 percent more feminine than the standard male composite.
	www.unl.edu /rhames/courses/male_facial_beauty.htm (2023 words)

	Christian Dating Advice Articles: Attractiveness
		Attractiveness is the quality that can only be appreciated when in close proximity to someone.
		Attractiveness is totally unrelated to physical aspects of a person and that should be a relief to most of us!
		For this reason attractiveness can be cultivated if it is not already there and enhanced if it is. Attractiveness is related to the soul and spirit of a person.
	www.christiansuk.com /cuk/christian-datingart3.asp (519 words)

	Beautycheck - virtual attractiveness
		We also asked test subjects to indicate the most attractive faces found the same pattern: 81% (13 out of 16) of the selected faces had been generated by the computer.
		However, within the group of morphed faces 30% of all female and 23% of all male faces were perceived as being at least "rather attractive".
		Looking at the negative pole of the judgements is even more worrying: 70% of all natural female faces and 79% of all natural male faces were judged as being "rather unattractive", "quite unattractive" or even "very unattractive".
	www.uni-regensburg.de /Fakultaeten/phil_Fak_II/Psychologie/Psy_II/beautycheck/english/virtuelle/virtuelle.htm (802 words)

	Connectedness=Attractiveness - Ecademy
		For this to be "true", I believe we have to qualify and define "connectedness" and "attractiveness".
		I believe that like anything else there are different degrees of connectedness and attractiveness.
		Attractiveness is similar - and I believe that although people project a type of attractiveness, they are more and less attractive to each of the people they interact with.
	us.ecademy.com /node.php?id=19037 (661 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Hand signals
		Attractiveness - it is all down to the length of two of your digits.
		A study by psychologists has discovered that people with the smallest differences between the length of their index finger and ring finger have a more symmetrical face.
		If the difference in finger length is larger, then the face is likely to be much less symmetrical (and uglier).
	www.guardian.co.uk /uk_news/story/0,3604,914621,00.html (331 words)

	Nonverbal Library on Line:articles on attractiveness, beauty,physical attraction,asymmetry,averageness, male face, ...
		Attractiveness of the underling: an automatic power --> sex association and its consequences for sexual harassment and aggression.
		Female judgment of male attractiveness and desirability for relationships: role of waist-to-hip ratio and financial status.
		Physical attractiveness contrast effect and the moderating influence of self-consciousness.
	digilander.libero.it /linguaggiodelcorpo/beauty (1047 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Attraction 'determined by walk'
		But New York University researchers have found that to be found attractive, a woman had to move in a feminine way - swaying her hips.
		No matter which format was being used, the participants rated women or "female" figures as more attractive if their hips swayed as they walked, while men were more attractive if they had the characteristic shoulder movement.
		The research also confirmed the waist-hip ratio assumption, with women's attractiveness being rated higher if their waist-hip ratio was small and men's being higher if their ratio was large.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/6444851.stm (508 words)

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