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Topic: Attributional bias

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Attribution theory

Fundamental attribution error

Ingroup bias

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	f24Benderlioglu.jmm
		Hostile attribution bias describes a tendency to interpret the intent of others who create negative feelings for the individual as "hostile" when social cues fail to indicate a clear intent.
		Before drawing a conclusion on the overall implications of attributional biases for aggressive behavior from a cross-cultural perspective, it is necessary to provide the link between hostile attribution bias and aggression.
		An attributional approach to the study of aggressive behavior explores cognitive construction of causality and affective response.
	aabss.org /journal2000/f24Benderlioglu.jmm.html (4454 words)

	Attributional bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Attributional biases are cognitive biases which affect attribution -- the way we determine who or what was responsible for an event or action.
		In some experiments, for example, subjects were shown only one side of a conversation or were able to see one of the faces of the conversational participants.
		The most well-known and representative example of an attributional bias is the fundamental attribution error.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Attributional_bias (257 words)

	Encyclopedia: Attributional bias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The most well-known and representative example of an attributional bias is the In attribution theory, the fundamental attribution error (sometimes referred to as the actor-observer bias) is the tendency for people to over-emphasize dispositional, or personality-based, explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on the same behavior.
		In attribution theory, the fundamental attribution error (sometimes referred to as the actor-observer bias) is the tendency for people to over-emphasize dispositional, or personality-based, explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on the same behavior.
		attribution theory, The fallacy of the single cause, also known as joint effect or causal oversimplification, is a logical fallacy of causation that occurs when it is assumed that there is one, simple cause of an outcome when in reality it may have been caused by a number of only jointly sufficient...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Attributional-bias (1115 words)

	Trait ascription bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trait ascription bias is the tendency for people to view themselves as relatively variable in terms of personality, behavior and mood while viewing others as much more predictable in their personal traits across different situations.
		This attributional bias has an obvious role in the formation and maintenance of stereotypes and prejudice, combined with the negativity effect.
		A similar bias on the group level is called the outgroup homogeneity bias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trait_ascription_bias (138 words)

	Group-serving bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Group-serving bias is identical to self-serving bias except that it takes place between groups rather than individuals, under which group members make dispositional attributions for their group's successes and situational attributions for group failures, and vice versa for outsider groups.
		For instance, the fundamental attribution error is a self-serving bias, while the group attribution error is a group-serving bias.
		Perhaps the most basic form of group-serving bias is ingroup bias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Group-serving_bias (117 words)

	Describe how neuropsychological and attributional processes are involved in the evolution and maintenance of delusional ...
		Attributional theory provides a framework for understanding the causal explanations that individuals give for their own behaviour and the behaviour of others.
		Internal attribution of positive events would take the form of taking credit for success, this is self-enhancing bias, whereas, in opposition the external attribution of negative events would be the denial of responsibility for failure.
		The study also makes the suggestion that paranoid patients are additionally abnormal in that negative self-referent events are attributed to functioning evil on the part of the other person that would be seen as external personal attribution rather than to chance, for example.
	www.coursework.info /i/279.html (777 words)

	Crisp Volume 4 No. 9
		Although, group serving attributional biases tend to occur on some dimensions and not others in a particular study, as Hewstone demonstrates, its effects are clearly evident in three spheres: positive and negative outcomes, successes and failures, and group differences.
		In the second instance, it is postulated that by attributing negative ingroup or positive outgroup behavior to external, unstable or uncontrollable causes a positive social identity may be maintained or protected.
		From this perspective it is possible to develop a framework for the examination of the relationship between attributional bias and strength of identity.
	www.uiowa.edu /~grpproc/crisp/crisp.4.9.htm (3918 words)

	Self-serving bias - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For instance, a student who gets a good grade on an exam might say, "I got an A!" while a student who does poorly on an exam might say, "The teacher gave me an F!" When someone seeks out external causes for their poor performance, it may be labeled self-handicapping.
		Self-serving bias may result in bargaining impasse if each side interprets the facts of the dispute in their own favor.
		Group-serving bias is a similar bias on the group level.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Self-serving_bias (364 words)

	Attributional bias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Attributional biases are cognitive bias es which affect attribution -- the way we determine who or what was responsible for an event or action.
		Zed Bias Productions Zed Bias is Dave Jones who is also Maddslinky, Phuturistix (with Injekta) and Es Dubs (with Spatts) amongst others.
		Republican Bias in the Media Articles and links from website that contends media is biased towards support of Republicans and conservative views.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Attributional_bias.html (437 words)

	Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: Attributional styles of aggressive boys and their mothers
		The presence of a hostile attribution was predictive of an aggressive response for the aggressive boys.
		This line of reasoning suggests that the hostile attributional bias of aggressive children may stem, not exclusively from developmental lags and deficits in information processing, but rather from the values and norms that these children have been exposed to, and perhaps reinforced for, by their parents and significant others.
		Their found that both the child and the maternal hostile attributions were significantly correlated, with observed coercive interactions, but the child and mother attributions were not significantly related to each other.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0902/is_n4_v24/ai_18851365 (1181 words)

	Self-Serving Attributional Bias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In this Calvin and Hobbes excerpt, Calvin illustrates the self-serving attributional bias.
		More specifically, an individual who succeeds in a given task is prone to attribute the cause of success to such dispositional factors as his or her own ability.
		In this comic strip, Calvin illustrates the self-serving attributional bias that pertains to the latter situation.
	cbest.web.wesleyan.edu /pia3_spring2000_006.htm (175 words)

	Crisp Volume 5 No. 7
		These authors examined the attributions made for athletic and academic success and failure amongst White and Black Americans in the U.S. Amongst other things, the results of this research revealed a tendency for Black participants to attribute White (as opposed to Black) athletic success to the ease of the task.
		From the perspective of social identity theory (SIT, Tajfel and Turner, 1979, 1986) intergroup attributional biases may be interpreted as a reflection of the attempt to achieve and maintain a positive social identity.
		Attributions of this type may be group serving to the extent that participants make (a) more internal, stable, global and personally controllable attributions for ingroup success than ingroup failure and/or (b) more internal, stable, global and personally controllable attributions for outgroup failure than outgroup success.
	www.uiowa.edu /~grpproc/crisp/crisp.5.7.htm (7983 words)

	WCR V6n1 Armstrong
		Hostile attributional bias is defined as a tendency to attribute hostile intent to an actor in an ambiguous social situation.
		The incorporation of hostile attributional bias in a model with a general predictor of crime and deviance allows an initial exploration of the relative contribution of act-specific and general processes to the explanation of diverse forms of crime and delinquency.
		Should hostile attributional bias be uniquely associated with aggressive intent when a general predictor of crime and delinquency and control variables are accounted for, it would offer initial support for the assumptions of act-specific explanations of aggression.
	wcr.sonoma.edu /v6n1/armstrong.htm (6168 words)

	MJCSL Volume 9, Number 2 - Sample Article
		This attributional bias has been shown by researchers to be most pronounced when the target of the attribution is perceived to be a member of a stigmatized, socially-identifiable group and when the target’s actions perpetuate an existing stereotype (Duncan, 1976; Pettigrew, 1979; Taylor and Jaggi, 1974).
		Furthermore, attributions emanating from a cultural-deterministic perspective (e.g., all Mexicans place a high value on their families due to the way they were raised) did not fit comfortably in this binary scheme, since the individual may exhibit internal qualities that s/he is powerless to alter due to the influences of her/his culture.
		Attributions of this type confuse “internal” qualities with cultural norms, and are often grounded in misinformed cultural stereotypes with little acknowledgment of within-group variation, multiple group membership, or the function of cultural values and behaviors as adaptations to natural and social environmental processes.
	www.umich.edu /~mjcsl/volumes/vol9.2sample.html (5972 words)

	American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Predictors of successful completion of a halfway-house program for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Extending this logic to treatment, one could hypothesize that the more a substance abuser views his or her problem as internally caused, stable, and global, the less likely he or she is to have the belief that the abuse can be replaced by abstinence.
		It could be argued that the self-serving attributional bias may be exactly what substance abusers do not need, given their propensity to deny that their use of chemicals has become out-of-control.
		Perhaps the problem lies in viewing this bias as a unitary construct [16] rather than as separate dimensions that may not be as well-correlated among recovering female substances abusers as they are in the general population.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0978/is_n1_v17/ai_10608400 (1379 words)

	The Belief Formation Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Attributions refer to the type of explanations that people give to make sense of their experiences.
		Most people display a Self-Serving attributional bias - that is, they tend to take the credit for good things that happen to them, and to abrogate responsibility for negative events.
		However, people with persecutory delusions display a distinctive attributional bias that is characterised by externalising and personalising explanations for negative events.
	www.maccs.mq.edu.au /research/Belief_Formation.htm (1546 words)

	f24Benderlioglu.jmm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hostile attribution bias describes a tendency to interpret the intent of others who create negative feelings for the individual as "hostile" when social cues fail to indicate a clear intent.
		Before drawing a conclusion on the overall implications of attributional biases for aggressive behavior from a cross-cultural perspective, it is necessary to provide the link between hostile attribution bias and aggression.
		An attributional approach to the study of aggressive behavior explores cognitive construction of causality and affective response.
	employees.csbsju.edu /jmakepeace/Perspectives2k/f24Benderlioglu.jmm.html (4463 words)

	Self-Serving Attributional Bias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		She denies responsibility for receiving a bad grade by saying that it was the teacher's fault and that the person next to her was bothering her and taking her concentration off the test.
		She attributes her failure to know the material on the test to the teacher putting vaguely touched upon material on the test itself.
		She never once said that perhaps the reason she did poorly was because she didn't study, but this is her reaction to the failure as she tries to lay the blame of failure away from her own actions.
	cbest.web.wesleyan.edu /pia3_spring2000_016.htm (581 words)

	[No title]
		he text describes "defensive attribution" as the tendency to attribute our successes to internal or personal factors but to attribute our failures to situational factors beyond our control.
		Dunn (1989) notes that students often have trouble recognizing the self-serving attributional bias in their own behavior, especially when it extends beyond the internal-external dimension related to success and failure on a particular task.
		At the end of the class period prior to the one in which you'll introduce the self-serving bias, tell students that during the next class you will be talking about the self-concept and that you want to collect some data to use in that discussion.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/morris2/chapter15/medialib/demo/2.html (301 words)

	Attributional bias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Attributional biases are cognitive biases whichaffect attribution -- the way we determine who or what was responsible for an event or action.
		In some experiments, for example, subjects were shown only one side of a conversation or were able to see one of the faces ofthe conversational participants.
		Whomever the subjects had a better view of were judged by them as being more important,influential, and having a greater role in the conversation.
	www.therfcc.org /attributional-bias-89530.html (202 words)

	Self-handicapping - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is argued that the subjects presented with more difficult problems chose the impairing drug because they were looking for an external attribution (what might be called an "excuse") for expected poor performance, as opposed to an internal attribution.
		Self-handicapping may be the cause of paradoxically limiting one's own ability to succeed and deliberately impairing oneself purely to avoid risk, maintain control and protect the ego and self-esteem.
		People may self-handicap to manage the impressions of others, or of themselves (though studies have been unable to test the latter).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Self-handicapping (360 words)

	Lee Ross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lee D. Ross is a professor of social psychology at Stanford University, who has studied attribution theory, attributional biases, decision making and conflict resolution.
		He first coined the term "fundamental attribution error" to explain the effects of a study by Edward E. Jones and Victor Harris, in which people were overly ready to see another person's behavior as revealing a particular attitude even though the person's behavior was a response to situational demands.
		He has also collaborated with Richard Nisbett in books on human judgment (1980) and the relation between social situations and personality (1991).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lee_Ross (177 words)

	The Defensive Attributional Bias and the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Over the past 25 years, researchers have examined how the findings from the defensive attribution field could be generalized to the area of sexual assault attributions.
		As predicted, attributions of the male target’s intention is positively correlated with attributions of the female target’s psychological and physical injury.
		Interestingly, attributions of the female target’s intention were negatively correlated to attributions of the female target’s psychological and physical injury.
	www.york.cuny.edu /~washton/research/rape.htm (940 words)

	Research: Collective Endeavors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Their discussion was videotaped, and later content analyzed using Schonbach's coding system, which organizes attributional statements into 3 general categories: admissions or claims of responsibility (concessions), denials of responsibility (excuses, justification), and challenges to the validity of the feedback (refusals).
		Congruent with an interpersonal approach to attributions, Horai contends that "the social individual is not merely a passive information processor who ascribes causes to events, but is an active information provider who attempts to manage other parties' causal explanations (p.
		After considering some of the predominantly verbal strategies that individual use to manage others' attributions, she concludes that "conflict rooted in disparate attributions concerning the cause of events appears to be prevalent in many situations" (p.
	www.has.vcu.edu /psy/faculty/fors/ratt3.html (2322 words)

	Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: Social-cognitive and behavioral correlates of aggression and victimization in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We hypothesized that there would be a positive association between victimization and tendencies toward attribution of hostile peer intent, because children who are the persistent victims of bullying could come to view their peers with some wariness.
		Moreover, hostile attributional bias (Nasby, Hayden, & DePaulo, 1979) may lead to maladaptive displays of inappropriate angry behavior, which are predictive of rebuff and maltreatment by peers (Coie, Dodge, Terry, & Wright 1991).
		Thus, we predicted that hostile attributional tendencies would be associated with high rates of this subtype of aggression, but we did not expect an association between reactive aggression and outcome beliefs.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0902/is_6_26/ai_53870345 (1325 words)

	Introduction to Psychology: Section 5-4: Quiz Questions
		She decided that Opal must have been having a bad day because she had just found out that morning that her son was divorcing his wife of 35 years.
		Gladys made an _____ attribution for Opal's angry behavior.
		You are likely to attribute your own failing grade on a test to __________; a stranger is more likely to attribute your failing grade on a test to __________.
	www.scottsdalecc.edu /ricker/psy101/quiz_questions/5-4.html (1353 words)

	lect3-23 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Attributions are judgments about the causes of a person’s behavior.
		A person bias reflects a tendency to use an Automatic processing when evaluating a person.
		an internal attribution for the cause of another’s misfortune
	www.indiana.edu /~finnp102/lect3-23.htm (266 words)

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