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Topic: Audio frequency

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	audio-rate frequency modulation
		This article explains the phenomenon of audio-rate frequency modulation of sound, which was explored and used compositionally by John Chowning of Stanford University around 1970.
		The rate of the vibrato is determined by the modulator's frequency, the depth of the vibrato (or how far above and below its center frequency the carrier will be pushed) is determined by the modulator's amplitude and the shape of the vibrato is determined by the modulator's waveform.
		The carrier frequency is not necessarily the fundamental frequency.
	www.indiana.edu /~emusic/fm/fm.htm (2969 words)

	Audio frequency-shift keying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) is a modulation technique by which digital data is represented as changes in the frequency (pitch) of an audio tone, yielding an encoded signal suitable for transmission via radio or telephone.
		Normally, the transmitted audio alternates between two tones: one, the "mark", represents a binary one; the other, the "space", represents a binary zero.
		AFSK differs from regular frequency-shift keying in that the modulation is performed at baseband frequencies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Audio_frequency-shift_keying (319 words)

	Definitions by Category at Audio-Direct.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Frequency response bands separated by the high-pass and low-pass filters of tone controls and equalizers to isolate treble and bass signals for separate control.
		The range of output signal frequencies supplied by an amplifier, speaker or microphone as specified by the upper and lower bounds of the frequency range in Hertz (Hz).
		A transition frequency separating two regions of operation, such as the crossover frequency of a speaker system between bass and midrange or between midrange and treble.
	www.audio-direct.com /Questions/feature_guide/definitions.htm (11178 words)

	Definitions by Letter at Audio-Direct.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At audio frequencies, crosstalk normally results from ground loops introduced by the use of one ground return for more than one high-current signal path.
		The range of signal frequencies supplied by an amplifier or reproduced by a speaker or microphone as specified by the upper and lower bounds of the frequency range in Hertz (Hz).
		At higher frequencies, amplifier output power generally becomes restricted by a large-signal bandwidth limit that is distinct from the commonly specified small-signal bandwidth.
	www.audio-direct.com /Questions/feature_guide/definitions_byletter.htm (9929 words)

	Audio Glossary
		It is measured in ohms and varies with the frequency of the signal.
		The roll-off frequency is usually defined as the frequency where response is reduced by -3 dB.
		The former is mechanically connected to the speaker cone and causes the cone to vibrate in response to the audio current in the voice coil.
	diyaudiocorner.tripod.com /def.htm (5241 words)

	Encyclopedia: Audio frequency-shift keying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is frequency modulation in which the modulating signal shifts the output frequency between predetermined values.
		Frequency modulation (FM) is a form of modulation which represents information as variations in the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave.
		In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (sometimes written bitrate) is the frequency at which bits are passing a given (physical or metaphorical) point.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Audio-frequency_shift-keying (909 words)

	Nyquist Theorem Details
		The other half is that when the highest frequency content of the subject is close to half the sampling rate, the process of turning the samples (digital representation) back into a waveform or video scan line (analog representation) is complicated and sometimes not done right.
		Nyquist's frequency is the frequency that no part of the source material may attain or exceed, which is half of the sampling frequency.
		But as a hint we will state that the sampling frequency is the frames per second rate and the frequency we are trying to reproduce is the rate at which spokes pass the "6 o'clock position" on the wheel.
	members.aol.com /ajaynejr/nyquist.htm (2368 words)

	DSP Voice Frequency Compandor
		Simply put, frequency companding is a method of removing the most unused frequency components from a given source and then shifting the remaining components together.
		Frequency shifting can be done quite simply by multiplying a signal in the time domain by a complex exponential.
		The frequency spectrum must be symmetrical around the origin, otherwise you have a complex number in the time domain (which you'll find rather difficult to send out the D/A converter).
	www.wwc.edu /~frohro/qex/qex-art.html (2443 words)

	Rane Professional Audio Reference (F)
		For audio use the most common electronic filter is a bandpass filter, characterized by three parameters: center frequency, amplitude (or magnitude), and bandwidth.
		Digitized samples of the audio signal serve as inputs, and each filtered output is computed from a weighted sum of a finite number of previous inputs.
		The measure of any audio device's ability to respond to a sine wave program, and therefore is a complex function measuring gain and phase shift (see phasor).
	www.rane.com /par-f.html (3165 words)

	Mike Jeffries Audio Home Page - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Audio frequency - the acoustic spectrum of human hearing, generally regarded to be between 20 Hz and 20
		Crossover Frequency - the frequency at which a driver's is crossed over at - usually when response is down -3dB.
		audio, the single most important factor to avoid unwanted noise is finding and setting a good ground.
	www.angelfire.com /ca/stereophile/glossary.html (5365 words)

	Adobe - Design Center : Edit audio with frequency-specific precision
		With revolutionary frequency-space editing in Adobe® Audition™ 1.5, you can edit audio with maximum precision.
		As you drag, note the range of selected frequencies in the status bar.
		If you want to preview selections in the context of surrounding audio, use the preroll and postroll options in Adobe Audition.
	www.adobe.com /designcenter/audition/articles/aud15freqedit.html (405 words)

	Handheld Audio Spectrum Analyzer (HASA) on PocketGear.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Frequency components of sounds picked up by the built-in microphone are shown and analyzed in real-time.
		The frequency decomposition can be shown as a standard plot of dB vs. Hz or as a "cascade" plot, showing its time evolution.
		The user may choose to average the frequency response data over an extended period of time, and exclude a region of the measured time data in order to remove any observed transient anomalies that may appear.
	www.pocketgear.com /software_detail.asp?id=3010 (748 words)

	ipedia.com: A440 Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Since 1939, it has served as the audio frequency reference for the calibration of pianos, violins, and other musical instruments.
		Tuning a piano is an example of a simple frequency calibration that is actually done with the human ear.
		The smallest frequency offset that a piano tuner can hear depends on lots of factors, including the sound volume, the duration of the tone, the suddenness of the frequency change, and the musical training of the listener.
	www.ipedia.com /a440.html (236 words)

	Detecting MP3-Sourced Audio
		Detecting mp3-sourced audio is not entirely simple or 100% reliable, but there are a couple of reasonably easy things to try.
		The basic approach to detecting mp3-sourced audio is to run spectral and frequency analysis on some of the wav files.
		If you decode an mp3 to wav and do a frequency analysis on the wav, you will often see a sudden drop to much lower volume (db) level at around 17-19khz (or on old, bad mp3s, you will see it at much lower frequencies).
	www.audiohub.org /get/fa/fa.htm (800 words)

	FileForum \| Audio Frequency Sinusoidal Signal Generator
		Audio Frequency Sinusoidal Signal Generator is intended for adjusting and measuring parameters of audio equipment.
		A step of frequency setting is 0.0001 %; level - 0.1 dB; phase - 0.1 degree.
		The Sweep Frequency Mode with adjustable rate in linear or logarithmic scale.
	fileforum.betanews.com /detail/1071111091/1 (88 words)

	Audio Downloads : Frequency Converter /// AnalogX
		One of the most common problems when you're working with an EQ is identifying exactly what it is you want to tweak.
		Freq takes some of the guesswork out of the process, by allowing you to easily convert between frequencies and notes, which can then be used to help target specific areas in the mix.
		Freq also outputs 'cents' based from A0 (27.5hz), for eq's that do not use named frequencies, and supports fractional notes +/- 50 cents.
	www.analogx.com /contents/download/audio/freq.htm (132 words)

	Amplifiers, Audio Distribution & Audio Frequency, Af Amplifiers
		The audio distribution & audio frequency (af) amplifier helps in supplying af (audio frequency) power to operate the loud speaker, handpiece or other output device.
		The grid of the first tube is connected to the moving arm of the audio gain control through a blocking capacitor.
		The plate of these amplifiers is coupled to the grid of the second amplifier by means of a capacitor, plate resistor and grid leak.
	www.easy2source.com /products/industrial-products/electronics-equipment-and-parts/consumer-electronics/af-amplifiers (264 words)

	Audio frequency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The human threshold of feeling, and the lowest swell notes of a pipe organ.
		Rhythm frequencies, where the lower and upper bass notes lie.
		Defines human speech intelligibility, gives a horn-like or tinny quality to sound.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Audio_frequency (139 words)

	Excel Audio Systems - Frequency Extension Unit 802FEU
		Unlike ordinary sub bass units the low level input signal is fed directly into the FEU where a frequency division network diverts the lowest frequencies to the FEU amplifier and feeds the remaining signal to the monitor as normal.
		When the FEU is switched off the division network is bypassed feeding the total signal to the monitor.
		The FEU will highlight material that has been produced on speakers with poor bass extension such as many popular mini monitors, and it may take a little time for the ear to adjust to hearing the entire frequency spectrum being faithfully reproduced.
	www.excelaudio.eclipse.co.uk /page5.htm (188 words)

	Audio frequency signal generator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Two-channel multi-tone audio frequency sinusoidal and noise signal generator is intended for adjusting and measuring parameters of audio equipment.
		A step of frequency setting is 0.00001 %; level - 0.001 dB; phase - 0.001 degree.
		The minimum coefficient of nonlinear and intermodulation distortion, precision, stability and range of frequency are limited only by quality of the used sound card.
	www.winportal.com /file.asp?ObjectID=12570 (145 words)

	audio frequency on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Passive filters fill the bill at audio frequencies.
		Wireless audio and data using frequency hopping at 2.4 Ghz.
		Carrier Signal The radio station transmits its audio signal encased in its carrier frequency.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-audiofre.asp (252 words)

	Audio Frequency
		These are applications which allow you to manipulate and convert all your audio.
		Unlimited tracks, realtime rendering, and video4linux capture are supported, as well as the audio features you expect from a hard disk recorder.
		The user-interface is based on Qt, while almost all audio functionality is taken directly from ecasound libraries.
	www.audio-frequency.com (464 words)

	SciFi Audio and Frequency science fiction Audio
		With the advent of the MP3, audio will never be the same, and the music industry is still trying to figure out how to deal with it.
		Over the past two years, Frequency Audio has brought you the best in new and classic science fiction, fantasy and horror.
		And while Frequency has been pleasing to the ears - with the finest in all-digital audio production values - it's also been good for your eyes, with cover art by award-winners like Bob Eggleton.
	scifiaudio.com (445 words)

	What is AF? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: audio frequency
		- a definition from Whatis.com - see also: audio frequency
		AF (audio frequency) (also abbreviated af or a.f.) refers to alternating current (AC) having a frequency such that, if applied to a transducer such as a loudspeaker or headset, will produce acoustic waves within the range of human hearing.
		TechTarget provides enterprise IT professionals with the information they need to perform their jobs - from developing strategy, to making cost-effective IT purchase decisions and managing their organizations' IT projects - with its network of technology-specific Web sites, events and magazines.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci213765,00.html (191 words)

	Audio Terminology
		Below are the definitions to various audio related words and phrases.
		Audio: A term used to describe sounds within the range of
		its frequency, and in turn the musical pitch of a note.
	www.enjoythemusic.com /magazine/definitions/audioterminology.htm (3430 words)

	NPR : Audio Blogs: Online Diarists Sound Off
		Text blogs have around since the mid-1990s, but audio is just entering the mainstream.
		Since audio blogs are relatively new, they don't yet cover the range of their written equivalents.
		But some people are already using audio in creative ways.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=1220496 (619 words)

	Handango Pocket PC Software - Handheld Audio Spectrum Analyzer (HASA)
		The Handheld Audio Frequency Spectrum Analyzer for the Pocket PC.
		HASA is a handheld audio frequency spectrum analyzer for the Pocket PC 2003 and 2002 devices.
		Note: some Pocket PC devices are not capable of full duplex audio (e.g.
	www.handango.com /PlatformProductDetail.jsp?productType=2&optionId=1_2_2&jid=D821BB82C12FX452111352C2285BX13E&platformId=2&siteId=1&productId=26550§ionId=0&catalog=30&txtSearch=hasa (789 words)

	Shuttle Audio Frequencies
		The frequencies below may carry shuttle audio during space shuttle missions.
		Most are in the amateur bands, but a few originate from NASA centers.
		Forward any new frequencies, corrections, and verifications to WD4IXI.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/sarex/shutfreq.html (83 words)

	Pahrump Receiver Audio Frequency Response Equalization
		A Romac 10-Band Equalizer is used to compensate for media stream encoding/decoding frequency response distortions.
		Art Bell, W6OBB, uses the Romac 10-Band Equalizer shown above to make the audio frequency response from the output of his Icom 756ProII in Pahrump to the output of your computer sound card flatter than it otherwise would be, so the sound qualtity you hear more closely approximates the sound quality at the receiver.
		See the Icom 756ProII and Audio Stream Encoding Computer
	www.smeter.net /pahrump/audio-equalizer.php (96 words)

	Frequency
		For more info, visit the homepage of Frequency Audio Journal.
		We'd like to dedicate this, our first issue, to the memory of Douglas Oliver, the featured reader on this disc, who died in the spring of 2000.
		If you would like to have your work considered for an upcoming issue, please send a recording on an audio CD or standard cassette tape to:
	www.writing.upenn.edu /pennsound/x/Frequency.html (290 words)

	Audio Frequency - compare prices, reviews and buy at NexTag - Price - Review
		Audio Frequency - compare prices, reviews and buy at NexTag - Price - Review
		Audio-Technica Audio Technica ATW2110H UHF frequency agile headworn system ATM75cW...
		Audio-Technica Audio Technica ATW2110L UHF Frequency Agile Lavalier System AT829cw...
	www.nextag.com /serv/main/buyer/OutPDir.jsp?search=audio+frequency (178 words)

	MSN Encarta - Dictionary - audio frequency
		Click here to search all of MSN Encarta
		Search for "audio frequency" in all of MSN Encarta
		frequency heard by human ear: a frequency that is audible to the human ear, between 20 and 20,000 hertz in people with normal hearing
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861685652 (63 words)

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