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| | ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies |
 | | Saladins 1187 campaign in the Levant was shockingly swift, but as profoundly bleak as the Latin situation may have seemed after the Latin defeat at Hattin in June, Antioch, which had managed to hold the line at the Upper Orontes, had yet to breathe its last. |
 | | On October 29, 1187, pope Gregory VIII issued Audita tremendi, his call for the Third Crusade. |
 | | Frederick I, Richard I, and Philip II all answered the summons. |
| www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/antioch.html (2650 words) |
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