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Topic: Auditory cortex

Related Topics

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Auditory Perceptual Disorder

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External Auditory Canal

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	The Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology Home Page
		“The neuronal representation of pitch in primate auditory cortex”.
		“Neural representations of sinusoidal amplitude and frequency modulations in the primary auditory cortex of awake primates”.
		“Differential representation of species-specific primate vocalizations in the auditory cortices of marmoset and cat”.
	www.jhu.edu /xwang/webpages/Publications.html (344 words)

	Primary auditory cortex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The auditory cortex is involved in tasks such as identifying and segregating auditory "objects" and identifying the location of a sound in space.
		It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally-defined temporal region of cerebral cortex, occupying the anterior transverse temporal gyrus (H) in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe.
		The rostromedial prefrontal cortex is a subsection of the medial prefrontal cortex, which projects to the amygdala, and is thought to aid in the inhibition of negative emotion (14).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Primary_auditory_cortex (1665 words)

	HHMI News: White Noise Delays Auditory Organization in the Brain
		According to the scientists, the young rats used in their study were exposed to constant white noise that is relevant to the increasing, random noise encountered by humans in today's environment.
		Additional tests on the maturing noise-reared rats showed that their auditory regions continued to be plastic—they continued to reorganize their neural circuitry in response to exposure to sound stimuli alone, long after the brains of normal rats had ceased rewiring.
		They performed supplementary long-term experiments that showed that although auditory development was delayed in the noise-exposed rats, it did mature to normal adult levels once the animals were removed from the noisy environment.
	www.hhmi.org /news/chang.html (929 words)

	fMRI of the human auditory cortex
		Bilateral activation of the auditory cortex is observed.
		Normal cortical activation of the auditory cortex was observed on the unaffected left side.
		It was found that the comparison of the spatial distribution of activated areas upon different stimuli frequencies underlines the existence of a frequency specific organization in the medio-lateral, fronto-occipital and cranio-caudal extension in both hemispheres of the auditory cortex.
	pages.unibas.ch /dmr/mr_physik/research/fMRI/auditory/main.htm (2049 words)

	HyperBrain Syllabus Chapter 9
		The primary auditory cortex is located on the transverse gyri of Heschl in the lateral fissure (#8437, #5374).
		Primary auditory cortex is organized in a tonotopic manner, as are the medial geniculate nuclei, inferior colliculus, dorsal cochlear nucleus, and the cochlea.
		Primary auditory cortex is adjacent to the posterior third of the superior temporal gyrus, which in the dominant hemisphere is called Wernicke's area (#4213).
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /kw/hyperbrain/syllabus/syllabus9.html (938 words)

	MuSICA Research Notes: V I, I 1, Spring 1994
		The auditory receptors in the inner ear (cochlea) break down musical and other complex sounds into their component frequencies which are then forwarded separately into the auditory system.
		Should the auditory cortex be malfunctioning, as in the case of a stroke, then animals no longer perceive pitch but can only react to individual pure tone frequencies (2).This type of animal research has important implications for understanding how neurological problems in humans affect their perceptions.
		In summary, observations from both animals and humans indicate that the auditory cortex is involved in the construction of pitch from raw frequency information.
	www.musica.uci.edu /mrn/V1I1S94.html (3798 words)

	BrainConnection.com - Neuroseries - Motor Anatomy
		Auditory nerve fibers synapse with neurons in the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus.
		Continuing up the auditory pathway, some fibers continue up to the inferior colliculus while others synapse at the lateral lemniscal nuclei before crossing to the other side and continuing up to the inferior colliculus.
		In addition to the ascending pathway (from the cochlea to the cortex), there is a descending pathway (from the cortex to the cochlea).
	www.brainconnection.com /topics/?main=anat/auditory-anat2 (818 words)

	Auditory system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the human brain, the primary auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe.
		The Primary Auditory Cortex is the most highly organized processing unit of sound in the brain.
		The auditory association area is located within the temporal lobe of the brain, in an area called the Wernicke's area, or area 22.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Auditory_system (908 words)

	Bilateral Ablation of Auditory Cortex in Mongolian Gerbil Affects Discrimination of Frequency Modulated Tones but not ...
		In the cortex, metabolic labeling is apparent as radial stripes in somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, and visual cortex.
		Note in auditory cortex two dark bands in the auditory cortex, corresponding to fields AI and AAF, as the characteristic activation pattern produced by a 1-kHz pure tone test stimulus presented at 60-75 dB SPL (see Materials and Methods) for precise localization of the auditory cortex on the most lateral convexity of the temporal cortex.
		The columnar and layer-specific response properties of neurons in the primary auditory cortex of Mongolian gerbils.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/6/4/347 (7676 words)

	Congenital Auditory Deprivation Reduces Synaptic Activity within the Auditory Cortex in a Layer-specific Manner -- Kral ...
		Mitani A, Shimokouchi M (1985) Neuronal connections in the primary auditory cortex: an electrophysiological study in the cat.
		Mitani A, Shimokouchi Mnomura S (1983) Effects of stimulation of the primary auditory cortex upon colliculogeniculate neurons in the inferior colliculus of the cat.
		Moore D (1990) Auditory brain stem of the ferret—bilateral cochlear lesions in infancy do not affect the number of neurons projecting from the cochlear nucleus to the inferior colliculus.
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/7/714 (6448 words)

	pitch in primate auditory cortex (Martin Braun ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		I refer to "The neuronal representation of pitch in primate auditory > cortex." by Daniel Bendor and Xiaoqin Wang in the August 25 issue of > Nature.
		While the exact location of the now discovered pitch neurons in the cortex remains to be determined by future anatomical studies, the new physiological data indicate that they may not only be present in the low-frequency section of the primary auditory cortex, but also in adjacent low-frequency sections of secondary auditory fields.
		Auditory midbrain laminar structure appears adapted to f0 extraction: further evidence and implications of the double critical bandwidth.
	www.auditory.org /postings/2005/686.html (487 words)

	"Information resources on ferrets"
		Responses to linear and logarithmic frequency-modulated sweeps in ferret primary auditory cortex.
		Auditory brainstem projections to the ferret superior colliculus: Anatomical contribution to the neural coding of sound azmith.
		Influence of callosal activity on units in the auditory cortex of ferret (Mustela putorius).
	www.nal.usda.gov /awic/pubs/ferrets/auditory.htm (636 words)

	Miami Children's Hospital - fMRI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The medial geniculate projects to primary auditory cortex in the horizontal surface of the silvian fissure in temporal lobes [Fig.
		Nevertheless it is well recognized that the primary auditory cortex is located on the transverse temporal gyrus (TTG) or Heschl’s gyrus, which is Brodmann’s Area 41, while the secondary auditory cortex is in surrounding regions on the superior temporal gyrus (STG) encompassing Brodmann’s Areas 21, 22, 42, y 52 (Celesia, 1976) [Fig 3].
		Sagital, across Heschl´s gyrus for primary auditory area (The sagital locations of Binder in the experiment of 1994 were not succesfull in showing verbal asimetry or different activation from semantic analysis), 8 mm medial to the most lateral point of the temporal lobe.
	www.mch.com /clinical/radiology/fmri/understandingauditoryfmri3.htm (3103 words)

	Dr. John Middlebrooks
		The spatial hearing studies are exploring the mechanisms by which mammals identify the location of a sound source and are probing the neural codes by which sound-source locations are written down in patterns of neural activity in the auditory cortex.
		In physiological studies, we record extracellularly from the auditory cortex in cats using multi-site recording probes.
		The auditory prosthesis studies are examining central auditory responses to electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve.
	www.umich.edu /~neurosci/faculty/jmidd.htm (566 words)

	The Cerebral Cortex
		Clinical and experimental data confirms this for a portion of the limbic forebrain: in animals, lesions of the orbitofrontal and temperopolar cortex, and of the amygdala, are associated with changes in emotional behavior.
		the hippocampus and adjacent temporal cortex (entorhinal and perirhinal cortex).
		Auditory signals are processed by Heschl's gyrus (primary auditory cortex), and phonemic analysis probably takes place in the adjacent auditory association cortex (Wernicke's area).
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/neuro/review/cc.html (1468 words)

	rediff.com US edition: A new kind of vision
		Sur found that the ferrets had an auditory cortex that was wired in a manner similar to the visual cortex, and that they could see even with their auditory cortex.
		So, for example, the visual cortex is at the back of the brain, the auditory cortex in the middle, and so forth.
		In our experiment, it is the same wires that go from the auditory thalamus to the auditory cortex, but they are being driven by a visual pattern of activity rather than by an auditory pattern.
	www.rediff.com /us/2000/jun/05us.htm (1447 words)

	NEUROSCIENCE : Christoph Shreiner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To delineate the organizational principles in the central auditory representation of complex signals, we have chosen to analyze spectro-temporal receptive fields with dynamic noise-like stimuli, animal vocalizations and speech.
		We study their distributions in the auditory midbrain, the auditroy thalamus, and the auditory cortex.
		From the emerging selective representations of those sound classes in the cortex we can infer in animal models some of the principles that underlie the central manifestation of well known psychophysical attributes such as pitch, loudness, timbre, as well as that of speech perception attributes, e.g.
	www.ucsf.edu /neurosc/faculty/neuro_schreiner.html (561 words)

	Neural Representations of Temporally Asymmetric Stimuli in the Auditory Cortex of Awake Primates -- Lu et al. 85 (6): ...
		Neural Representations of Temporally Asymmetric Stimuli in the Auditory Cortex of Awake Primates -- Lu et al.
		The representation of rapid acoustic transients by the auditory cortex is a fundamental issue that is still unresolved.
		stimuli in the primary auditory cortex of awake marmoset monkeys.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/85/6/2364 (886 words)

	Auditory System: Anatomic Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Auditory Cortex in the Sylvian Fissure of the Temporal Lobe
		However in an attempt to remain focused on the human auditory system, this section will focus on the classical connectivity and histology which is likely to be found in human neocortex.
		From layer III, auditory information diverges to several different locations including other layers of AI, contralateral AI (via corpus callosum), other primary auditory cortex layers I, II, IV and V. Layers V and VI project out of the auditory cortex.
	serous.med.buffalo.edu /hearing/auditory_cortex.html (296 words)

	Postmortem
		Feedforward projections (see schematic) from auditory core to lateral belt, and from lateral belt to parabelt, arise predominantly from layer 3 pyramidal cells and terminate in layers 3c/4 of the target region.
		In non-human primate, auditory core, lateral belt, and parabelt regions can be distinguished by differing cytoarchitecture and intensity of staining for the calcium binding protein, parvalbumin, and for the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase.
		To determine whether gray matter volumes in the auditory core, lateral belt, and parabelt are selectively reduced in layers from which feedforward corticocortical projections arise (layer 3) and terminate (layers 3c and 4) in subjects with schizophrenia.
	www.wpic.pitt.edu /research/sweetlab/Postmortem.htm (1176 words)

	Plastic Changes in the Central Auditory System After Hearing Loss, Restoration of Function, and During Learning -- Syka ...
		is not responsible for the topographic reorganization of the auditory
		B: incidence of surround inhibition in primary auditory cortex (AI) neurons of normal animals (open bars) and in neurons of test animals grouped according to whether the neuron's CF was at a frequency within the range with CAP threshold losses (test neurons, solid bars) or at a frequency outside this range (control neurons, hatched bars).
		In the model of RF plasticity in the auditory cortex proposed by Weinberger and co-workers (367, 368) and later by Weinberger
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/3/601 (11400 words)

	The cerebral cortex
		Area 22 is the associate area for the auditory centers, areas 41 and 42.
		Much of the present knowledge on the activity of the cortex comes from neurosurgical procedures and pathologic cases (injuries to the brain, cerebrovascular accidents, and brain tumors).
		The auditory centers (areas 41-42), which normally relay information to area 22, may for some reason divert the stimuli to the sleep centers.
	www.neurokinesiology.org /The_Cerebral_Cortex (1113 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| How tunes get stuck in your head
		After the experiment, the volunteers reported hearing a continuation of the song during the silent gaps when the tune was familiar, but not when the song was unfamiliar to them.
		When the researchers looked at the brain scans they found the individuals had more activity in specific regions of the brain during the silent gaps when the song was familiar, than when it was an unknown tune.
		These brain areas lie in the auditory cortex, which is the part that handles information from the ears.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/4332771.stm (598 words)

	Functional Role of Auditory Cortex in Frequency Processing and Pitch Perception -- Tramo et al. 87 (1): 122 -- Journal ...
		Functional Role of Auditory Cortex in Frequency Processing and Pitch Perception -- Tramo et al.
		Functional Role of Auditory Cortex in Frequency Processing and Pitch Perception.
		auditory cortex lesions in animals and humans have been interpreted
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/87/1/122 (454 words)

	Functional MR Imaging of the Auditory Cortex with Electrical Stimulation of the Promontory in 35 Deaf Patients Before ...
		gyrus (TTG) (19, 20); 2) the secondary auditory cortex (BA 22)
		secondary auditory cortex (BAs 41, 42, and 22) (Fig 1A–D).
		Functional MR of the primary auditory cortex: an analysis of pure tone activation and tone discrimination.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/24/2/201 (3305 words)

	UPHS: Auditory Research: ID-110: Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		From the hair cell to layer four of the Auditory Cortex there are a minimum of five synaptic junctions and a maximum of seven.
		The IC is also implicated in many forms of auditory reflexes and in particular the auditory startle response.
		The general importance of the cortex seems to be its role in processing complex sounds.
	www.uphs.upenn.edu /audres/id110cen.htm (1260 words)

	Class of PCB's causes developmental abnormalities in rat pups
		The pups were estimated to have levels of the toxicant in their blood that were roughly equivalent to those found in the blood of breast fed babies of mothers exposed to extremely high levels of the toxicant from contaminated fish, soil, water and air in high-risk environments.
		The capacity of the brain’s cortex to change in response to stimuli contributes to the progressive development of cognitive function.
		As the auditory cortex is the first sensory region to develop, its abnormal development in the rat pups could be just a hint of more pervasive effects of exposure, the scientists say.
	www.chemlin.net /news/2007/apr2007/pcb.htm (1171 words)

	The vOICe Learning Edition - Synthetic Vision Software for the Blind
		Since both the auditory and tactual channels have far lower information capacity than the visual channel, it is necessary to process the signal from the cameras before it is sent to the non-visual display.
		Their auditory cortex on the other hand is likely to be normally organized - if not better developed than with most sighted people - and during development it may even have recruited part of what is normally the visual cortex.
		Of course, their and your auditory cortex too has never before dealt with the direct processing of truly visual information, but the image to sound mapping of The vOICe attempts to present truly visual information in a format that fits the already well-developed natural hearing capabilities.
	www.seeingwithsound.com /winvoice.htm (4569 words)

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