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Topic: Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti

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	Hair cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hair cells are the sensory cells of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in all vertebrates.
		In mammals, the auditory hair cells are located within the organ of Corti on a thin basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear.
		The inner hair cells transform the sound vibrations in the fluids of the cochlea into electrical signals that are then relayed via the auditory nerve to the auditory brainstem and to the auditory cortex.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hair_cells (762 words)

	List of distinct cell types in the adult human body - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
		basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
		Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_cell (527 words)

	hair cell Information Center - hair loss stem cell treatment
		Research human hair cell of the past diagram of a root hair cell decades has shown that outer plant root hair cell hair cells are motile and mechanically amplify low-level sound that enters the cochlea.
		The inner hair hair thyroid + hair loss + low white blood cell count cells cells transform the sound vibrations in the fluids of the cochlea into electrical signals that are then relayed via the auditory nerve to the auditory brainstem and to the auditory cortex.
		The molecular comparing dna from cheek cells and hair roots biology of hair cells has seen considerable human hair cells progress in recent years, hair cell technology with the identification thousand hair cells of the motor hair loss stem cell treatment protein (prestin) that underlies somatic electromotility in the outer hair cells.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Biochemistry_Topics_G_-_H/hair_cell.html (817 words)

	The Organ of Corti in the Inner Ear
		Tiny relative movements of the layers of the membrane are sufficient to trigger the hair cells.
		The hair cells of the organ of Corti are arranged in four rows along the length of the basilar membrane.
		The sensitive hair cells of the organ of Corti may have about 100 tiny stereocilia which in the resting state are leaning on each other in a conical bundle.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/sound/corti.html (381 words)

	[No title]
		The hairs (cilia) of the hair cells are imbedded in the gelatinous tectorial membrane (Figure 2), which has a relatively high inertial resistance to movement, so that sound-induced shearing forces bend the hairs.
		Cells in the rows of outer hair cells can elongate or shorten in response to motion of the basilar membrane to actively produce amplification or attenuation of the response of the inner hair cells (Møller, 1993).
		The organ of Corti rests on the basilar membrane, with the hair cell cilia imbedded in the gelatinous tectorial membrane.
	www.lsu.edu /deafness/auditory.htm (907 words)

	Inner Ear Cell Structure and Function
		The mechanism of cochlear amplification is based in the motile properties of auditory sensory cells known as outer hair cells (OHCs), which elongate and shorten in response to external stimuli.
		Cell shape changes, in turn, entail loss of equilibrium between internal tensional forces, and its regulation must involve a mechanism able to compensate this imbalance.
		“Structure of the Cortical Cytoskeleton in Mammalian Outer Hair Cells.” J.Cell Sci.
	www.hei.org /research/cmb/cellstru/cellstru.htm (1277 words)

	EAR (common Teut.; O.E... - Online Information article about EAR (common Teut.; O.E...
		The inner wall of the vestibule is separated from the bottom of the internal auditory meatus by a plate of bone pierced by many foramina for branches of the auditory nerve (fig.
		A delicate membrane called the lamina reticularis covers the top of all these, and is pierced by the hairs of the hair cells, while above this is the loose membrana tectoria attached to the periosteum of the lamina spiralis, near its tip, internally, and possibly to some of Deiter's cells externally.
		The external auditory meatus, tympanum and Eustachian tube are remains of the hyomandibular cleft, the membrana tympani being a remnant of the cleft membrane and therefore lined by ectoderm outside and entoderm inside.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /DRO_ECG/EAR_common_Teut_OE_are_Ger_Ohr_.html (3471 words)

	Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body - The Internal Ear or Labyrinth - Yahoo! Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It extends from the heads of the outer rods of Corti to the external row of the outer hair cells, and is formed by several rows of “minute fiddle-shaped cuticular structures,” called phalanges, between which are circular apertures containing the free ends of the hair cells.
		Occupying the spiral canal of the modiolus is the spiral ganglion of the cochlea (ganglion of Corti) (Fig.
		—The arteries of the labyrinth are the internal auditory, from the basilar, and the stylomastoid, from the posterior auricular.
	messenger.yahooligans.com /reference/gray/subjects/subject?id=232 (4333 words)

	Oncomodulin Is Expressed Exclusively by Outer Hair Cells in the Organ of Corti -- Sakaguchi et al. 46 (1): 29 -- ...
		OM with MAb 1A10 was confined to OHCs in the organ of Corti
		for PV in the organ of Corti was confined to the IHCs.
		Santos-Sacchi J (1989) Asymmetry in voltage-dependent movements of isolated hair cells from the organ of Corti.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/46/1/29 (4986 words)

	H.E.A.R. \| Articles \| Hearing Education and Awareness for Rockers
		The bottom of these cells are attached to the basilar membrane, and the stereocilia are in contact with the tectoral membrane.
		Auditory nerve fibers rest below the hair cells and pass these signals on to the brain.
		He is involved in basic science inner ear hair cell research with Dr. William Brownell, where he is studying cochlear biophysics and electrophysiology.
	www.hearnet.com /features/articles/artist_article_hearhair.shtml (729 words)

	Hair cell Did You Mean hair
		Hair cells are the sensory cells of the auditory system in all vertebrates.
		Research of the past decades has shown that outer hair cells are motile and mechanically amplify low-level sound that enters the cochlea.
		In mammalian inner hair cells, the receptor potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters, mainly glutamate, at the basal end of the cell, via the opening of voltage gated calcium channels.
	www.did-you-mean.com /Hair_cell.html (657 words)

	Physiology of Homo sapiens : Sense organs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		wing cells : cells in the corneal epithelium with convex anterior surfaces and concave posterior surfaces.
		external or outer ear / auris externa : the portion of the auditory organ comprising the auricle and the external acoustic meatus.
		inner phalangeal cell are arranged in a row on the inner surface of the inner pillar cells and surround the inner hair cells
	focosi.altervista.org /physiohomosenseorgans.html (13465 words)

	Ear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The inner ear comprises both the organ of hearing (the cochlea) and the labyrinth or vestibular apparatus, the organ of balance located in the inner ear that consists of three semicircular canals and the vestibule.
		The cochlea is a hollow organ filled with endolymph, a fluid medium that receives the sound vibrations transmitted from the air to the oval window through the ear drum and ossicles of the middle ear (see above).
		When a region of the basilar membrane resonates, the hair cells in that region send nerve impulses to the brain, which are perceived as a sound of whatever pitch the hair cell is associated with.
	www.choam.info /title/ea/ear.html (932 words)

	American Auditory Society
		The cylindrical outer hair cell appeared with mammals over 200 million years ago is the most exotically specialized hair cell.
		The force alters the vibrations of the organ of Corti enhancing the perception and discrimination of high frequency sounds.
		It is also possible that bats, whales and dolphins use outer hair cell piezoelectric resonance in detecting the species-specific vocalizations they use in echolocation.
	www.amauditorysoc.org /pages/abstracts/2004/carhart.html (424 words)

	hair cells - OmniMedicalSearch.com - hair cells
		Mechanoreceptors located in the organ of Corti that are sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that are sensitive to movement of the head.
		On the inner side of the inner rods is a single row of hair cells, and on the outer side of the outer rods three or four rows of similar cells, together with certain supporting cells termed the cells of Deiters and...
		Because of recent developments in auditory and vestibular hair cell regeneration, it is important to be aware of cellular changes in hair cells since sensorineural hearing loss will soon be treatable with drugs and molecular medicine therapies.
	www.omnimedicalsearch.com /sr_hair_cells.html (561 words)

	Bechara Kachar, M.D., Senior Investigator
		The auditory and vestibular sensory organs are highly structured and miniaturized devices optimized for sensitivity and speed of response.
		In these sensory organs, the hair cells are the receptors containing the key mechanoelectrical transduction elements that convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals.
		The two main current projects of the Section are: 1) identification and characterization of proteins involved in the mechanosensory transduction apparatus in auditory and vestibular hair cells; and 2) elucidation of the structural and molecular basis of electromotility, a voltage-dependent force-generating mechanism present in cochlear outer hair cells.
	neuroscience.nih.gov /Lab.asp?Org_ID=206 (463 words)

	Auditory sensation
		basilar membrane movement causes the tempanic membrane to move and slide across hair cell stereocilia.
		hair cells are the sensory receptor cells of auditory sense.
		Organ of corti includes the tempanic and basilar membranes and surrounding ducts.
	keck.ucsf.edu /~blondie/PSYCH254/Lecture16/haircell_transduction.html (78 words)

	Faculty Interests - Drs Bohne and Harding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The organ is attached to the vibratory basilar membrane (BM) and is surrounded by fluid spaces that contain endolymph (purple) and perilymph (orange).
		The initial effect of a severe exposure is to injure and destroy outer hair cells.
		Quantitative data on the magnitude and pattern of hair cell, supporting cell and nerve fiber loss are collected from plastic-embedded flat preparations of the cochlear duct.
	oto.wustl.edu /bbears/bohne1.htm (1604 words)

	Auditory Biochemistry Lab: Personnel - Kresge Hearing Research Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Of the different cell types and structures in the organ of Corti, the outer hair cell is the center of my interest.
		This cell has a unique structure and changes its shape actively through specific stimuli that are considered part of a mechanism of modulation.
		In my experiments, I was focusing on responses of outer hair cells that may be controlled or modulated by neurotransmitters and neuromodulators.
	www.khri.med.umich.edu /800x600/research/schacht_lab/jong.shtml (233 words)

	2aPP6 Variability of voltage dependency of the outer hair cell (OHC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Variability of voltage dependency of the outer hair cell (OHC) motility voltage sensor.
		The OHC is a motile cell in the organ of Corti that functions to mechanically modulate inner hair cell responses.
		It was found that in addition to variability among cells, with V[sub h] ranging from 0 to -80 mV, individual cells also demonstrate variability over time, sometimes hovering within a range of 20 to 30 mV.
	www.auditory.org /asamtgs/asa94mit/2aPP/2aPP6.html (228 words)

	School of Communication at Northwestern University :: Communication Sciences and Disorders :: Papers Related to Lab ...
		Cheatham, M.A. and P. Dallos, Intermodulation components in inner hair cell and organ of Corti responses, J.
		Cheatham, M. and P. Dallos, The dynamic range of inner hair cell and organ of Corti responses, J.
		Sziklai I, SzÃ¶nyi M. and P. Dallos, Phosphorylation mediates the influence of acetylcholine upon outer hair cell electromotility.
	www.communication.northwestern.edu /csd/research/aud_physio/papers/?textOnly=0 (705 words)

	The Ultimate Ear Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		An ear is an organ used by an animal to detect sound.
		The helix is the outer edge of the outer ear[1].
		The Eustachian tubes are normally pinched off at the nose end, to prevent being clogged with phlegm, but they may be opened by lowering and protruding the jaw; this is why yawning helps relieve the pressure felt in the ears when on board an aircraft.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Ear (915 words)

	Auditory Hair Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Two types of hair cells are located within the human organ of Corti
		The tectorial membrane is attached to the outer hair cell cilia
		Hair cells synapse with bipolar neurons and then send sound information to the brain via the Organ of Corti and the cochlear nerve, 8th cranial nerve.
	www.fau.edu /~jtaft/Brains/Audition/tsld007.htm (134 words)

	5aPP2. The role of the brain in the functional development of the ear. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The olivocochlear bundle (OCB) invades and organizes within the organ of Corti around the time of birth in cats, roughly coincident with the first detectable sound-elicited responses from the cochlea or auditory nerve.
		A model of innervation is proposed, in which the medial OCB (MOC) regulates the development of both inner (IHC) and outer hair cell (OHC) systems.
		In stage 2, MOC fibers detach from IHCs, migrate across the tunnel of Corti, and contact OHCs forming their well recognized calyces with the basolateral wall of the cell, and in the process ``energize'' the cochlear amplifier.
	www.auditory.org /asamtgs/asa97pen/5aPP/5aPP2.html (235 words)

	Organization of the Inner Ear
		Look at the difference in supportive cells adjacent to the inner and outer hair cells.
		The following photograph of the organ of Corti show the cochlear nerve passing from the hair cells through the bone.
		You may also be able to see an example of a macula from either the saccule or utricle in one of your ear slides.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /microanatomy/Ear/organization_of_the_inner_ear.htm (706 words)

	AppendixC
		Urinary epithelium cell (lining bladder and urinary ducts)
		Adrenal gland cell secreting steroid hormones (mineralcorticoids and gluco corticoids)
		Epithelial Absorptive Cells (Gut, Exocrine Glands and Urogenital Tract)
	www.nanomedicine.com /NMI/AppendixC.htm (460 words)

	MPBC Faculty - Ernest Moore
		Some of the mutated genes appear to define a pathway for potassium ion recycling, which transports K+ from the hair cell through supporting cells connected by gap junctions back into the endolymph that baths the organ of Corti of the cochlea.
		Mutations in KCNQ4, which is highly expressed in outer hair cells, inner hair cells and spiral ganglion cells of the inner ear, cause progressive hearing loss.
		There is insufficient knowledge about the regulation of KCNQ4 in the auditory system, although Ca2+/calmodulin, phosphatidylinositides, or phosphorylation mechanisms may regulate this and other members of the KCNQ family.
	www.pharm.northwestern.edu /faculty/moore/moore.html (477 words)

	Acoustic overstimulation increases outer hair cell Ca2+ concentrations and causes dynamic contractions of the hearing ...
		The characteristic lipid droplets of the Hensen cells (HeC) are
		Several cell types in the organ of Corti have the capacity to actively change their length.
		the hair cells, the basilar membrane and the tectorial membrane
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/12/7127 (4282 words)

	Diabetes
		Note also that beta cells were found in the pancreas and that beta amyloid plaques - one of the "hallmarks" of Alzheimer's - were also found in the pancreas of persons with type 2 diabetes...
		Thus, clearly, iron and hair were also tied to one another as were insulin and hair - not surprising of course given that iron and insulin modulated one another!
		Thus, if "hair loss" was associated with excess iron, could atrophy of hair in say the Organ of Corti (in the ear) also be associated not only with insulin but excess iron levels - perhaps from prenatal vitamins while the infant was still in the womb.
	www.autismhelpforyou.com /Diabetes...%20Iron%20Overload...%20Parasites.htm (4822 words)

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