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	Ancient Worlds News - Astronomers put new date to first marathon - 20/07/2004
		Like current astronomers, Boeckh calculated the date of the battle of Marathon based on the writings of Herodotus, who provided precise descriptions of the phase of the moon at the time.
		Now, astronomers figured Boeckh failed to take into account the difference between the Athenian and Spartan calendars, which were a month apart at that point, putting the date of the battle and run at 12 August.
		Boeckh judged that the festival was Karneia, named after the Spartan month Karneios, and relied on a reference from the Greek scholar Plutarch equating this with the Athenian month Metageitnion.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/ancient/AncientRepublish_1157720.htm (567 words)

	The Human Extreme :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		The legend was born in 490 BC, when a lone runner raced some 26 miles from the battlefield to Athens to bring word of the Greeks' victory over the Persians at Marathon and to warn the city of an impending invasion from the sea by the Persian fleet.
		Judging that the festival was the Karneia, 19th-century German scholar August Boeckh carried out a series of astronomical calculations to determine the date of the Karneian full Moon and determined that the Battle of Marathon took place on September 12th.
		Boeckh relied on a reference from Greek scholar Plutarch that equated the Spartan month of Karneios with Metageitnion, the second month of the Athenian year.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article1086.html (640 words)

	[No title]
		Boeckh proceeds upon the principle, that no regular allowance is to be made for alloy in Attic coins, as the aim of the state was to coin pure silver, and the alloy was introduced by accident, never by design.
		Boeckh considers the number of citizens as two niuths of the whole free native population, thus making the whole number 90,000, to which must be added 45,000 for the resident foreigners with their families.
		If, with Boeckh, we estimate the average number of citizens in a public assembly at eight thousand, we find that the whole expense of the forty regular assemblies in each year, added to that of ten or twelve special meetings, would have been about thirty-five talents.
	memory.loc.gov /ndlpcoop/nicmoas/nora/nora0086.sgm (15933 words)

	Reay
		Boeckh pressed forward the earlier initiatives of his teachers, Friedrich August Wolf and Friedrich Schleiermacher, and sought to reorient the profession toward a criticism aimed at the understanding of ideas grounded in a systematic science of hermeneutics.
		His method was grounded in a belief that language was a portal to the soul of a people and its culture; thus, intimate knowledge of the classical corpus could produce unproblematically a corresponding intimacy with the ancients themselves.
		Boeckh's exhortation fell on deaf ears within the discipline and modern hermeneutic theory has continued to develop outside of the institutional boundaries of Classics.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SHR/6-1/html/reay.html (2288 words)

	CalendarHome.com - August 3 - Calendar Encyclopedia
		August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining.
		1990 - The highest temperature recorded in the UK until 10 August 2003 - 37.1°C (98.8°F) at Cheltenham in Gloucestershire.
		August 2 - August 4 - July 3 - September 3 -- listing of all days
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /August_3.htm (933 words)

	Astronomers Revise Date of Ancient Greek-Persian Battle
		Having the run occur in August "makes it a little more plausible that he keeled over and died," said physics lecturer Russell Doescher, who worked on the study with team leader Donald Olson and colleague Marilynn Olson at Texas State University at San Marcos.
		Temperatures in August can reach 102 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) along the Marathon route, which could lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke in even the hardiest of athletes, researchers said.
		Boeckh assumed the festival was Karneia in the Spartan month of Karneios, when warfare was prohibited for a week, then jumped to the Athenian calendar using previous connections between the two and determined the September date.
	www.payvand.com /news/04/jul/1169.html (676 words)

	IOL: Astronomers give marathon the run-around
		But astronomers at Texas State University figured Boeckh failed to take into account the difference between the Athenian and Spartan calendars, which were a month apart at that point, putting the date of the battle and run at August 12.
		Boeckh judged that the festival was Karneia, named for the Spartan month Karneios, and relied on a reference from the Greek scholar Plutarch equating this with the Athenian month Metageitnion.
		They said the average maximum temperature in Athens during September is 28,33°C, compared with the average August high temperatures along the marathon route ranging from 31,11°C to 32,77°C. The men's marathon at the summer Olympic games in Athens is scheduled for August 29; the women's event is August 22.
	www.int.iol.co.za /?set_id=1&click_id=588&art_id=qw1090270802521B212 (685 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Guardian Weekly \| TEFL Update August
		A team from Texas State University argues from the evidence of the lunar cycle that the date for the battle of Marathon should be August 12, 490BC, rather than the generally accepted date of September 12 that year.
		The change of date might help solve a riddle that has puzzled athletes for a century: why an experienced Greek distance runner collapsed and died at the end of the 26 miles, when millions of relatively unfit modern runners have survived with no more than sore feet and wobbly knees.
		This clue allowed a German scholar, August Boeckh, to identify the festival of Karneia, and to use his knowledge of the cycles of the moon to arrive at a precise date.
	www.guardian.co.uk /guardianweekly/teflupdate/0,12838,1290774,00.html (1679 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2003.01.05
		Lewis had started with a translation of August Boeckh's Staatshaushaltung der Athener, which was published in 1828, and then took on -- in collaboration with Henry Tufnell -- the translation of Karl Otfried Müller's Die Dorier which appeared in 1830 (The History and Antiquities of the Doric Race).
		In his work Müller followed Boeckh's lead that a truly scientific approach to antiquity should reconstruct the totality of life in the ancient world.
		On his first trip to Greece, Müller died on August 1, 1840 subsequent to a collapse he suffered when copying inscriptions in the broiling sun of Delphi.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2003/2003-01-05.html (1584 words)

	Quotes - Otfried Müller
		Karl Otfried Müller (August 28, 1797 - August 1, 1840), was a Germany scholar and Philodorian.
		In 1817, after the publication of his first work, Aegineticorum liber, he received an appointment at the Magdaleneum in Breslau, and in 1819 he was made adjunct professor of ancient literature at the University of Göttingen, his subject being the archaeology and history of ancient art.
		trans., J Leitch, 1844), in which he avoided the extreme views of Georg Friedrich Creuzer and Christian August Lobeck, prepared the way for the scientific investigation of myths, while the study of ancient art was promoted by his Handbuch der Archäologie der Kunst (1830, Eng.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Abante3055/otfried-mueller-quotes.html (558 words)

	:: Discovery Channel CA ::
		The traditional date of the marathon, Sep 12, was originally proposed by August Boeckh, a 19th century astronomer.
		Boeckh interpreted the event as the festival Karneia, which happened during the Spartan month of Karneios.
		Average daytime temperatures along the marathon route in August can reach up to 39 degrees Celsius - That's a far stretch from the much cooler 28-degree-average just one month later.
	www.exn.ca /Stories/2004/08/27/52.asp?t=dp (585 words)

	Rezensionen
		Wolf must have answered at least Garve’s first letter, but the others, some of which are the length of a short article, seem to have elicited no response.
		Wer über Friedrich August Wolf (1759 bis 1824) schreibt, benutzt meist hohe Töne
		Anthony Grafton (‘Juden and Griechen bei Friedrich August Wolf’, 9—31) and Giuseppe Veltri (‘Altertumswissenschaft and Wissenschaft des Judentums.
	markner.free.fr /fawrez.htm (3072 words)

	Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Gerhard
		HDescrip: Scholar of ancient Greek and Roman art; early creator of corpora; co-founder of the early group later to become the Deutsches archäologisches Institut.
		Gerhard studied philology at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, the latter under the classicist August Böckh (1785-1867).
		The result of his association with the Gesellschaft was Gerhard's 1823 book on the Roman Forum, Della Basilica Gulia ed alcuni siti del Foro Romano, where he established the exact site of the basilica.
	www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org /gerhardf.htm (808 words)

	Why Study Metrology?
		Such a stricture is tantamount to asking epigraphists to limit themselves to the study of inscriptions that have been found in their full text.
		The greatest among the French metrologists, August Aurès (1806-1894), remarks that it is important to understand the significance that the ancients attached to number and measurement and that it is necessary to meditate texts such as Plato’s Epinomis in order to interpret metrological evidence.
		It is to be noted that he did not agree with this particular view of the world, but he thought its knowledge necessary for historical research: “The ancients attributed to numbers a mystical virtue of which today we can hardly realize the full importance.
	www.metrum.org /measures/whystud.htm (10464 words)

	Astronomers Unravel Marathon Mystery \| SpaceRef Canada - Your Daily Source of Canadian Space News
		On August 29th a field of runners at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games in Athens, Greece, will retrace one of the most famous runs in history.
		Judging that the festival was the Karneia, 19th-century German scholar August Böckh carried out a series of astronomical calculations to determine the date of the Karneian full Moon and determined that the Battle of Marathon took place on September 12th.
		The average August afternoon temperatures along the marathon route range from 88 F to 91 F, with temperatures as high as 102 F possible near Athens.
	www.spaceref.ca /news/viewpr.html?pid=14668 (1104 words)

	Pour le Mérite
		August Immanuel Bekker in Berlin, /klassischer philologe -- 1861
		Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander in Bonn, /astronom --- 1874
		Gustav Oskar August Montelius in Stockholm, /nordischer archäologe --- 1898
	www.pourlemerite.org /peace/peace.php (4431 words)

	Inscriptions of Aphrodisias Project: History and bibliography of the inscriptions
		Boeckh et al., Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum (Berlin, 1835).
		Boeckh republished the inscriptions found by Fellows in volume II.3 of A.
		Auguste Choisy, an architect and engineer, copied inscriptions, which were published by Georges Perrot, Inscriptions de Carie, Revue Archeologique 32 (1876), 39-42, no.45.
	insaph.kcl.ac.uk /bibliography/index.html (3787 words)

	August 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		August 3 is the 215th day of the in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years) with 150 days remaining.
		This Hamilton and Weiss book was given to us as a gift.
		The Qur°an: Catalogue of an exhibition of Qur°an manuscripts at the British Library, 3 April-15 August 1976
	www.freeglossary.com /August_3 (814 words)

	USATODAY.com - Astronomers revise likely date of Marathon run (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According the Greek historian Herodotus, Plutarch and others, after the Greek army routed their Persian attackers at Marathon the long-distance runner Pheidippides sprinted the 26 miles (46 kilometers) back to Athens to announce the victory and warn of an attack from the sea.
		Olson said the time of the Marathon battle and fatal run depends heavily on an earlier recorded trek by Pheidippides, when Athens city leaders dispatched the messenger to Sparta — 150 miles (241 kilometers) away — to plead for assistance in the defense of Greece.
		But the analysis, Oslon contends, should have been conducted wholly in Spartan lunar calendar, which — although similar to the moon-based Athenian system — began later in the year at the first new moon after the fall equinox.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/2004-07-19-marathon-revision_x.htm (792 words)

	The Hindu : International : Astronomers fix new date for Marathon
		The battle of Marathon — and the epic 26-mile run from the battlefield to Athens celebrated with every modern marathon — may have been misdated by a month.
		A team from Texas State University argues from the evidence of the lunar cycle that the date for the battle of Marathon should be August 12, 490 BC, rather than the generally accepted date of September 12 that year.
		There are 12 complete lunar months in the year but these account for only 354 days, with 11 left over.Every few years, the Athenians would insert a ``leap month'' to bring the lunar cycle into line with the solar cycle.
	www.hindu.com /2004/07/20/stories/2004072002511400.htm (754 words)

	August 3 - Gurupedia
		August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the
		Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining.
		1867 - Philipp August Böckh, scholar and antiquarian (b.
	www.gurupedia.com /a/au/august_3.htm (354 words)

	The world's top philipp august boeckh websites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Philipp August Böckh (November 24, 1785 - August 3, 1867), was a German classical scholar and antiquarian.
		He was born in Karlsruhe, and educated at the gymnasium there, leaving for the University of Halle (1803), where he studied theology.
		See Sachse, '\'Erinnerungen an August Böckh (1868); Stark, in the Verhandlungen den Würzburger Philologensammlung (1868); Max Hoffmann, August Böckh (1901); and S Reiter, in Neue Jahrbücher fur das klassische Altertum'' (1902), p.
	www.websbiggest.com /dir-wiki.cfm?cat=philipp_august_boeckh&tab=edit (1173 words)

	Arcane Gazebo: Old school marathoning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The first marathon -- a grueling run by a battlefield messenger from the plains of Marathon to Athens -- may have occurred in August heat instead of the comparative cool of September in Greece, astronomers reported on Monday.
		This finding would offer one explanation for the fabled quick demise of the original marathon runner, Pheidippides, who allegedly managed to gasp out the words, "Rejoice, we conquer," before dropping down dead on his arrival at Athens in 490 BC.
		Many accounts date the battle of Marathon, against invading Persians, at Sept. 12 of that year, based on calculations made by 19th century German scholar August Boeckh.
	inverse.physics.berkeley.edu /archives/001082.html (514 words)

	Athens Olympics 2004: July 2004 Archives
		On August 29th a field of runners at the 2004 Olympics will retrace one
		Karneia, 19th-century German scholar August Boeckh carried out a series
		Boeckh relied on a reference from Greek scholar Plutarch that
	www.sporadikos-logos.org /athens-olympics/archives/2004_07.html (755 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Picenini also gave a copy of the inscriptions he had copied to E. Spanheim, the Prussian Ambassador to London, and this is now in the Staatsbibliothek, Berlin (MS Spanhem.
		Müller, Briefwechsel zwischen August Boeckh und Karl Otfried Müller (Leipzig, 1883).
		H.P. Borrell (See DNB entry), resident in Smyrna, obtained an inscription from Aphrodisias, a copy of which he sent to Boeckh: see D. Whitehead, From Smyrna to Stewartstown: a numismatist's epigraphic notebook, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 99c (1999), 73-117, 104-5
	insaph.kcl.ac.uk /print/p2.html (3788 words)

	Classical philology - Study and teaching books, find the lowest prices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Wiederkehr Der Geburtstage Von I. Bekker Und A. Boeckh Im Jahre 1985
		August Boeckh : Altertumsforscher, Universitatslehrer Und Wissenschaftsorganisator Im Berlin Des 19.
		by Bernd Schneider, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, August Boeckh
	www.allbookstores.com /Classical_Philology-Study_And_Teaching_p7sd.html (323 words)

	Athens Olympics 2004: The Date of The First Marathon Run
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	www.sporadikos-logos.org /athens-olympics/archives/000073.html (724 words)

	Find in a Library: On interpretation & criticism.
		Find in a Library: On interpretation & criticism.
		by August Boeckh; John Paul Pritchard; August Böckh
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/30ea3261e96a7dec.html (51 words)

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