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Topic: August Weismann

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	August Weismann - LoveToKnow 1911
		WEISMANN, AUGUST (1834-), German biologist, was born at Frankfort-on-Main, on the 17th of January 1834, and studied medicine in Göttingen.
		Weismann's name, however, is best known as the author of the germ-plasm theory of heredity, with its accompanying denial of the transmission of acquired characters - a theory which on its publication met with considerable opposition, especially in England, from orthodox Darwinism.
		Weismann published many other works devoted to the exposition of his biological views, among them being Die Dauer des Lebens; Vererbung; Ewigkeit des Lebens; Die Kontinuiti t des Keimplasmas als Grundlage einer Theorie der Vererbung; Das Keim- plasma; Die Allmacht der Naturziichtung; Aussere Einfliisse als Entwicklungsreize; Neue Gedanken zur Vererbungsfrage, and Germinal-S elektion.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /August_Weismann (280 words)

	August Weismann: bibliographical excerpts - human evolution
		Weismann answered this question: "In the first place it may be argued that external influences may not only act on the mature individual, or during its development, but that they may also act at a still earlier period upon the germ-cell from which it arises.
		It is important to remember this idea of Weismann, especially since it was forgotten by all who, in the polemic with Weismann, referred only to his insistence on the durability of germ-plasm in the face of influences from outside (on the part of the soma and surrounding environment).
		Weismann found, with regard to the climatic influence, that when the pupae of the German form of a lycaenid butterfly Polymmatus phlaeas was exposed to much higher temperatures, none of the emerged adults resembled the darkest form of sothern veriety eleus.
	www.serpentfd.org /b/weismann.html (1289 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Morgan (1896)
		Weismann to doubt the inheritance of characters acquired by the bodily substance in the course of individual life, and to examine anew the supposed evidence in its favor.
		Weismann answers this question by asserting that the evidence for the direct transmission of acquired characters is wholly insufficient, and by contending that, until· satisfactory evidence is forthcoming, we may not accept transmission as a factor in evolution.
		Weismann adopts a similar position in his recent paper on germinal selection.[5] "By the selection alone," he says, "of the plus or minus variations of a character is the constant modification of that character in the plus or minus direction determined.
	psy.ed.asu.edu /~classics/Morgan/modification.htm (2066 words)

	August Weismann Summary
		The German biologist August Freidrich Leopold Weismann (1834-1914) was one of the founders of the science of genetics.
		Weismann advocated the germ plasm theory, stating that a multicellular organism consists of germ cells that pass on hereditary information, and somatic cells that perform body functions.
		Weismann was born a son of high school teacher Johann (Jean) Konrad Weismann (1804-1880), a graduate of ancient languages and theology, and his wife Elise (1803-1850), née Lübbren, the daughter of the county councillor and mayor von Stade, on January 17, 1834 in Frankfurt am Main.
	www.bookrags.com /August_Weismann (3132 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Weismann advocated the germ plasm theory, according to which (in a multicellular organism) inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cellsâ”the gametes such as egg cells and sperm cells.
		The Weismann barrier is often confused with the Central dogma of molecular biology which is incorrectly said to be a restatement of Weismann's idea by Francis Crick.
		Weismann's first rejection of the inheritance of acquired traits was in a lecture in 1883, titled "On inheritance" ("Ãber die Vererbung").
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=August_Weismann (1855 words)

	August Friedrich Leopold Weismann (1834-1914)
		1892 August Friedrich Leopold Weismann (1834-1914) formulated the germ plasm theory which held that the germ plasm was separate from the somatoplasm and was continuous from generation to generation.
		Weismann disproved the John George Adami's (1862-1926) theory (Adami and Roy, 1892; Adami, 1901) of the heritability of certain metabolic disorders.
		Contrary to Weismann's theory of the non-inheritability of acquired traits, Adami believed that many exogenic intoxications and acquired disturbances of metabolism had a changing effect on the germ cells and were thus heritable.
	actomyosin.narod.ru /history/008_weismann.htm (342 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Weismann, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Weismann's doctrine The principle, proposed by A. Weismann, that hereditary information flows only from genome to soma, not vice versa; the principle would be flouted were Lamarckism true.
		Weismann, August (1834–1914) A German biologist who established the improbability, if not impossibility, of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, as required by Lamarck's theory of adaptation.
		A-B sophomore Weismann is MVP of the DCL.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Weismann, (647 words)

	[No title]
		August Weismann (1834-1914), a zoology professor at Freiburg, Germany, pointed out that heredity consists of the transmission of pure germ plasm in germ cells, which have nothing to do with acquired characteristics.
		It was this theory of Weismann that triggered widespread dissent from that portion of Darwin's theory of acquired characteristics.
		According to Weismann, every individual and specific character which may be transmitted by heredity is preformed and prearranged in the architecture of certain ultra-microscopical particles comprising the chromatin of the germ-cells.
	www.lycos.com /info/august-weismann.html (593 words)

	Weismann, August (Friedrich Leopold) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Weismann was born in Frankfurt-am-Main and studied medicine at Göttingen.
		Weismann realized that the germ plasm controls the development of every part of the organism and is transmitted from one generation to the next in an unbroken line of descent.
		Since repeated mixing of the germ plasm at fertilization would lead to a progressive increase in the amount of hereditary material, he predicted that there must be a type of nuclear division.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/W/Weismann/1.html (193 words)

	Man in Evolution - Chapter 17
		Weismann taught that the vital portion of the nucleus of a cell resided in what the cytologists or cell specialists call chromatin.
		Weismann observed that the chromatin granules which form the vital part of a cell resolve themselves during cellular division into what he called idants, which he identified with the chromosomes; and of these chromosomes it is now well known that there are a definite number for each species.
		Weismann further taught that man's body is composed of two kinds or varieties of living plasm: a somatic plasm or body plasm, and a germ plasm.
	www.theosociety.org /pasadena/man-evol/mie-17.htm (3090 words)

	August Weismann - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Weismann was born a son of high school teacher Johann (Jean) Konrad Weismann (1804-1880), a graduate of ancient languages and theology, and his wife Elise (1803-1850), née Lübbren, the daughter of the county councillor and mayor von Stade, on January 17, 1834 in Frankfurt am Main.
		Weismann's first rejection of the inheritance of acquired traits was in a lecture in 1883, titled "On inheritance" ("Über die Vererbung").
		Weismann worked on the embryology of sea urchin eggs, and in the course of this observed different kinds of cell division, namely equatorial division and reductional division, terms he coined (Äquatorialteilung and Reduktionsteilung respectively).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/August_Weismann (1080 words)

	Science in Context: A Comparative Timeline
		A. Weismann points out the distinction in animals between the somatic cell line and the germ cells, stressing that only changes in germ cells are transmitted to further generations.
		August Weismann formulated the germ plasm theory which held that the germ plasm was separate from the somatoplasm and was continuous from generation to generation.
		August Weismann elaborated an all-encompassing theory of chromosome behavior during cell division and fertilization and predicted the occurrence of a reduction division (meiosis) in all sexual organisms.
	www.esp.org /timeline/decades/1880.html (448 words)

	Weismann barrier
		If the Weismann barrier is permeable then genetic treatments of somatic cells may actually result in an inheritable change to the genome, possibly resulting in the genetic engineering of the human species rather than just individuals.
		\nThe work of 19th century biologist August Weismann was an early step in the founding of the science of genetics, and like any part of any science is subject to review in light of new data.
		Although the principle was seriously questioned at times in the 20th century, the attacks of Paul Kammerer and Trofim Lysenko did nothing to weaken the principle among scientists, except where science was ruled by arbitrary political power under Stalin.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/w/we/weismann_barrier.html (536 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Weismann's germ-soma distinction was thus resurrected as a key to Mendelian inheritance: it explained the transmission of genetic material to offspring as independent of the process of development.
		In 1927, Weismann was the emblem of the integration of development and heredity; in 1982, he was the hero who had divorced the two fields.
		Weismann has gained special importance in evolutionary theory for his argument against use-inheritance for a good reason: Darwin himself embarrassingly (at least to the modern sensibility) assumed that use-inheritance was an important source of heredity.
	johnhawks.net /weblog/topics/history/amundson_2005 (1128 words)

	The Modern Synthesis
		Weismann conducted numerous experiments in which he sought even one bit of evidence that offspring ever inherited characteristics that the parents had acquired.
		Weismann cut the tails off generations of mice, but not one was ever born without a tail.
		Weismann was also the first to argue that sexual reproduction provided the raw variation needed for natural selection to operate.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004367/eh3.shtml (812 words)

	Development of Neo-Darwinism
		Weismann not only promulgated a doctrine (Natural Selection) he knew to be unsupported, he attacked the Transformism of Lamarck by spurious means.
		Weismann's "final refutation" of Lamarck amounted to nothing more than this: He cut off the tails of several generations of mice, and then concluded that if Lamarck had been correct, the progeny would be without tails.
		Underlying Neo-Darwinism is the ingenious thesis of August Weismann that there is a proof of Darwinism, but the proof is not to be found in the visible world....
	www.trufax.org /avoid/neodarw.html (2299 words)

	The Evolutionary Theory of Aging and Life History Theory
		Weismann's first hypothesis was that aging evolved to the advantage of the species, not the individual, a theory known as "group selection." Later, he dropped such concept.
		Weismann then suggested that aging evolved because organisms that segregate germ and soma must invest additional resources to reproduce instead of maintaining the soma, and this renunciation of the soma results in aging.
		Weismann's ideas were later comprised by Thomas Kirkwood to become the "disposable soma theory," which states that organisms must reach a balance between the resources they invest in soma maintenance and reproduction (Kirkwood, 1977).
	www.senescence.info /evolution.html (2743 words)

	The Path to the Chromosome Theory of Heredity
		Ideas in Germ-Plasm Theory include heredity being transmitted through a chemical or molecular substance; and the soma and the germ plasm composing an organism, where the soma makes the body of the organism and the germ plasm having the cells that become gametes and is segregated from soma during the development of the egg.
		The main importance of Weismann’s theory is that it asserts that acquired characteristics are not passed to the next generation, leaving natural selection the exclusive the explanation for biological evolution.
		Weismann did not ever really say that the hereditary material is located on chromosomes, however, he did believe that nucleus of the germ cells has ability to transfer hereditary material (Romanes p.29-30, 1899).
	campus.udayton.edu /~hume/Chromosomes/chromo.htm (2107 words)

	Conceiving a Clone : 1885
		According to Weismann, each daughter cell had half the genetic information of its parent cell.
		Weismann’s theory was an answer to the puzzling question of why a cell develops to become
		According to Weismann’s theory, since the frog’s embryo had already divided into a two celled blastomere, each cell would only have half of the genetic information needed to create an entire frog.
	library.advanced.org /24355/data/details/1885.html (330 words)

	Weismann
		Weismann's publication, Americas : the decorative arts in Latin America in the era of the revolution, Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution, 1976, was based upon the collection.
		Some images are originals taken by Weismann; most are copies she obtained from Mexican photographic collections, including that of Guillermo Kahlo at the library of the Instituto Nacional Antropología e Historia.
		The Elizabeth Wilder Weismann Collection was arranged into series and subseries by the staff of the Mexican Archives Project, based upon an arrangement begun by Wilder before her death.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /benson/Mex_Archives/Weismann.html (714 words)

	AUGUST WEISMANN (1834– ) - Online Information article about AUGUST WEISMANN (1834– )
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		Weismann's name, however, is best known as the author of the germ-plasm theory of See also:
		Weismann published many other works devoted to the exposition of his biological views, among them being See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /WAT_WIL/WEISMANN_AUGUST_1834_.html (481 words)

	August Weismann (1834-1914)
		Weismann nahm dann eine Anstellung als Leibarzt des in Schaumburg an der Lahn (heute in den kleinen Ort Balduinstein eingemeindet) residierenden habsburgischen Erzherzogs Stephan an, weil er hoffte, dabei viel Zeit für eigene Arbeiten erübrigen zu können.
		Diese Zeit war jedoch für Weismanns Entwicklung als Wissenschaftler außerordentlich fruchtbar; denn wegen der erzwungenen Zwangspause in der praktisch-mikroskopischen Forschung beschäftigte er sich zunehmend mit grundlegend theoretischen Fragestellungen: Vor allem versuchte er, die bisherigen Erkenntnisse auf den Gebieten der Cytologie und Evolutions-Theorie zusammenzuführen.
		Sein Sohn, der Komponist Julius Weismann, spielte ihm regelmäßig vor; besonders liebte er Bach.
	home.tiscalinet.ch /biografien/biografien/weismann.htm (639 words)

	Soviet Biology
		Weismann, as we see, speaks of having declared war against Lamarck's principle; but it is easy enough to see that he declared war against that without which there is no materialist theory of evolution, that under the guise of "Neo-Darwinism" he declared war against the materialist foundations of Darwinism.
		Weismann denied the inheritability of acquired characters and elaborated the idea of a special hereditary substance to be sought for in the nucleus.
		Weismann thus endows the mythical hereditary substance with the property of continued existence; it is a substance which does not itself develop and at the same time determines the development of the mortal body.
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/lysenko/works/1940s/report.htm (16123 words)

	The Theory of Descent, by Alfred Russel Wallace
		In the first and most important of these Dr. Weismann gives us the results of a detailed study of the changes in the markings of the caterpillars of the Sphingidæ during the course of their growth and development, and enters at great length into the various questions to which the phenomena observed give rise.
		These laws are liable to be modified in various ways by the influence of natural selection, and especially by the need for protection, whence arise the various markings of the different groups, and the peculiar divergences often noted in their development at corresponding ages.
		The general conclusion at which Dr. Weismann arrives is, that all the varieties of colour and marking occurring in the Sphingidæ have a distinct biological value, and can in every case be traced to the action of natural selection and correlation of growth.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/wallace/S338.htm (1429 words)

	Nonsense in schoolbooks: 'The Imaginary Lamarck'
		Weismann concluded that changes in the body during an individual's lifetime do not affect the reproductive cells or the offspring.
		Weismann questioned whether the inheritance of acquired characteristics could take place at all, and he devised many ingenious arguments against it.
		Weismann himself didn't consider such results to have much weight, and he knew that the experiment had not disclosed anything new: Experience with circumcision in humans (and with other kinds of ceremonial or cosmetic mutilation) had already shown that repeated surgery, through many successive generations, did not cause an inherited change in an organ's form.
	www.textbookleague.org /54marck.htm (2837 words)

	Evolution, Learning, and Instinct: 100 Years of the Baldwin Effect
		Lamarckism was a viable theory until August Weismann's (1893) work was widely accepted.
		Weismann argued that higher organisms have two types of cells, germ cells that pass genetic information to offspring and somatic cells that have no direct role in reproduction.
		Weismann, A. The Germ-Plasm: A Theory of Heredity.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/4155/edit.html (2083 words)

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